{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1774819886262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T06:33:24Z","timestamp":1669790004000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Awareness About Keratoconus and Its Relation With Eye Rubbing: A Cross-Sectional Study in Medina"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Essam S","family":"Kordi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amirah  M","family":"Almokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esraa K","family":"Alshareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaesha A","family":"Alkayyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana O","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman H","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12035","article-title":"The early history of keratoconus prior to Nottingham's landmark 1854 treatise on conical cornea: a review","volume":"96","author":"Grzybowski A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grzybowski A, McGhee CN. The early history of keratoconus prior to Nottingham's landmark 1854 treatise on conical cornea: a review. Clin Exp Optom. 2013, 96:140-5. 10.1111\/cxo.12035","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90094-8","article-title":"Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders","volume":"28","author":"Krachmer JH","year":"1984","unstructured":"Krachmer JH, Feder RS, Belin MW. Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders. Surv Ophthalmol. 1984, 28:293-322. 10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90094-8","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002150","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors for keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Hashemi H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashemi H, Heydarian S, Hooshmand E, et al.. The prevalence and risk factors for keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cornea. 2020, 39:263-70. 10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002150","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.074955","article-title":"Incidence and severity of keratoconus in Asir province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"89","author":"Assiri AA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Assiri AA, Yousuf BI, Quantock AJ, Murphy PJ. Incidence and severity of keratoconus in Asir province, Saudi Arabia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005, 89:1403-6. 10.1136\/bjo.2005.074955","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2011.560747","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of keratoconus in Jerusalem: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Millodot M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Millodot M, Shneor E, Albou S, Atlani E, Gordon-Shaag A. Prevalence and associated factors of keratoconus in Jerusalem: a cross-sectional study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2011, 18:91-7. 10.3109\/09286586.2011.560747","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002283","article-title":"A case-control study of keratoconus risk factors","volume":"39","author":"Moran S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moran S, Gomez L, Zuber K, Gatinel D. A case-control study of keratoconus risk factors. Cornea. 2020, 39:697-701. 10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002283","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/795738","article-title":"The genetic and environmental factors for keratoconus","volume":"2015","author":"Gordon-Shaag A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gordon-Shaag A, Millodot M, Shneor E, Liu Y. The genetic and environmental factors for keratoconus. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015:795738. 10.1155\/2015\/795738","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10025-1090","article-title":"Eye rubbing and keratoconus: a literature review","volume":"3","author":"Hawkes E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawkes E, Nanavaty MA. Eye rubbing and keratoconus: a literature review. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis. 2014, 3:118-21. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10025-1090","journal-title":"Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.11.17","article-title":"The correlation between keratoconus and eye rubbing: a review","volume":"12","author":"Najmi H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Najmi H, Mobarki Y, Mania K, Altowairqi B, Basehi M, Mahfouz MS, Elmahdy M. The correlation between keratoconus and eye rubbing: a review. Int J Ophthalmol. 2019, 12:1775-81. 10.18240\/ijo.2019.11.17","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0038","article-title":"Epithelial injury induces keratocyte apoptosis: hypothesized role for the interleukin-1 system in the modulation of corneal tissue organization and wound healing","volume":"62","author":"Wilson SE","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilson SE, He YG, Weng J, Li Q, McDowall AW, Vital M, Chwang EL. Epithelial injury induces keratocyte apoptosis: hypothesized role for the interleukin-1 system in the modulation of corneal tissue organization and wound healing. Exp Eye Res. 1996, 62:325-7. 10.1006\/exer.1996.0038","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05081-8","article-title":"Eye rubbing in the aetiology of keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"259","author":"Sahebjada S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahebjada S, Al-Mahrouqi HH, Moshegov S, Panchatcharam SM, Chan E, Daniell M, Baird PN. Eye rubbing in the aetiology of keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021, 259:2057-67. 10.1007\/s00417-021-05081-8","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000121711.58571.8d","article-title":"Asymmetric keratoconus attributed to eye rubbing","volume":"23","author":"Jafri B","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jafri B, Lichter H, Stulting RD. Asymmetric keratoconus attributed to eye rubbing. Cornea. 2004, 23:560-4. 10.1097\/01.ico.0000121711.58571.8d","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181bdefbc","article-title":"Expanding our understanding of eye rubbing and keratoconus","volume":"29","author":"Carlson AN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carlson AN. Expanding our understanding of eye rubbing and keratoconus. Cornea. 2010, 29:245. 10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181bdefbc","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical features and associated factors of keratoconus patients attending ophthalmology department, King Khalid Hospital, Hail city, Saudi Arabia [Poster}","volume":"6","author":"Shammari RS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shammari RS. Prevalence, clinical features and associated factors of keratoconus patients attending ophthalmology department, King Khalid Hospital, Hail city, Saudi Arabia [Poster}. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015, 6:3.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.03.017","article-title":"Comparison of eye-rubbing effect in keratoconic eyes and healthy eyes using Scheimpflug analysis and a dynamic bidirectional\u00a0applanation device","volume":"45","author":"Henriquez MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henriquez MA, Cerrate M, Hadid MG, Ca\u00f1ola-Ramirez LA, Hafezi F, Izquierdo L Jr. Comparison of eye-rubbing effect in keratoconic eyes and healthy eyes using Scheimpflug analysis and a dynamic bidirectional\u00a0applanation device. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019, 45:1156-62. 10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.03.017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjhs.sjhs_228_19","article-title":"Level of awareness among non-medical students toward keratoconus","volume":"9","author":"Al-Amri AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Amri AM, Al-Ghamdi AS, Al-Khabbaz FI, et al.. Level of awareness among non-medical students toward keratoconus. Abha,Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Health Sci. 2020, 9:7-11. 10.4103\/sjhs.sjhs_228_19","journal-title":"Abha,Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Eye rubbing: a survey of awareness of keratoconus and it\u2019s relation with eye rubbing in Jeddah","volume":"19","author":"Alnahdi A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alnahdi A, Alzahrani A, Almehmadi M, et al.. Eye rubbing: a survey of awareness of keratoconus and it\u2019s relation with eye rubbing in Jeddah. World Fam Med J. 2021, 19:141-50.","journal-title":"World Fam Med J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-020-00283-5","article-title":"Violet June: the global keratoconus awareness campaign","volume":"9","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio R Jr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ambr\u00f3sio R Jr. Violet June: the global keratoconus awareness campaign. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020, 9:685-8. 10.1007\/s40123-020-00283-5","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-017-0099-1","article-title":"Keratoconus treatment algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Andreanos KD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andreanos KD, Hashemi K, Petrelli M, Droutsas K, Georgalas I, Kymionis GD. Keratoconus treatment algorithm. Ophthalmol Ther. 2017, 6:245-62. 10.1007\/s40123-017-0099-1","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.02.004","article-title":"Treatment options for advanced keratoconus: a review","volume":"60","author":"Parker JS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parker JS, van Dijk K, Melles GR. Treatment options for advanced keratoconus: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015, 60:459-80. 10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.02.004","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojoph.2021.111005","article-title":"The awareness of keratoconus among general population in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Alruwaili RM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alruwaili RM, Alharbi AS, Alghamdi OA, et al.. The awareness of keratoconus among general population in Saudi Arabia. Open J Ophthalmol. 2021, 11:49-59. 10.4236\/ojoph.2021.111005","journal-title":"Open J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2021\/v33i30A31613","article-title":"The level of keratoconus awareness among the Saudi population in Riyadh","volume":"33","author":"Alkadi T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alkadi T, Alruwaili S, Mahfud SA, et al.. The level of keratoconus awareness among the Saudi population in Riyadh. J Pharm Res Int. 2021, 33:47-53. 10.9734\/jpri\/2021\/v33i30A31613","journal-title":"J Pharm Res Int"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9080791","article-title":"Public awareness regarding common eye diseases among Saudi adults in Riyadh City: a quantitative study","volume":"2017","author":"Al Rashed WA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Rashed WA, Bin Abdulrahman AK, Zarban AA, Almasri MS, Mirza AS, Khandekar R. Public awareness regarding common eye diseases among Saudi adults in Riyadh City: a quantitative study. J Ophthalmol. 2017, 2017:9080791. 10.1155\/2017\/9080791","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0043991","article-title":"Awareness and knowledge of poor vision among students in Hail University","volume":"70","author":"Alshammary MZ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alshammary MZ, Alshammari FS, Alsahammari HS, et al.. Awareness and knowledge of poor vision among students in Hail University. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2018, 70:835-44. 10.12816\/0043991","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Awareness and knowledge of poor vision among students in Taif University","volume":"79","author":"Alghamdi A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alghamdi A. Awareness and knowledge of poor vision among students in Taif University. Med J Cairo Univ. 2011, 79:53-62.","journal-title":"Med J Cairo Univ"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12566","article-title":"\"I can see fine\": patient knowledge of eye care","volume":"38","author":"Irving EL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Irving EL, Sivak AM, Spafford MM. \"I can see fine\": patient knowledge of eye care. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2018, 38:422-31. 10.1111\/opo.12566","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-019-0199-1","article-title":"Keratoconus screening in elementary school children","volume":"8","author":"Moshirfar M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moshirfar M, Heiland MB, Rosen DB, Ronquillo YC, Hoopes PC. Keratoconus screening in elementary school children. Ophthalmol Ther. 2019, 8:367-71. 10.1007\/s40123-019-0199-1","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13035","article-title":"Utilization of eye health-care services in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey","volume":"46","author":"Foreman J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foreman J, Xie J, Keel S, Taylor HR, Dirani M. Utilization of eye health-care services in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018, 46:213-21. 10.1111\/ceo.13035","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/114207-awareness-about-keratoconus-and-its-relation-with-eye-rubbing-a-cross-sectional-study-in-medina","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:50:52Z","timestamp":1707508252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/114207-awareness-about-keratoconus-and-its-relation-with-eye-rubbing-a-cross-sectional-study-in-medina"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.32030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]}}}