{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:19:58Z","timestamp":1790565598380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:56:22Z","timestamp":1672628182000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["On Peri-Implant Bone Loss Theories: Trying To Piece Together the Jigsaw"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Anitua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H","family":"Alkhraisat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asier","family":"Eguia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period","volume":"16","author":"Br\u00e5nemark PI","year":"1977","unstructured":"Br\u00e5nemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindstr\u00f6m J, Hall\u00e9n O, Ohman A. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl. 1977, 16:1-132.","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12742","article-title":"On osseointegration in relation to implant surfaces","volume":"21","author":"Albrektsson T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. On osseointegration in relation to implant surfaces. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019, 21:4-7. 10.1111\/cid.12742","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02358804","article-title":"The histopathology of different foreign-body reactions in oral soft tissue and bone tissue","volume":"420","author":"Donath K","year":"1992","unstructured":"Donath K, Laass M, G\u00fcnzl HJ. The histopathology of different foreign-body reactions in oral soft tissue and bone tissue. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1992, 420:131-7. 10.1007\/BF02358804","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.8218","article-title":"An imbalance of the immune system instead of a disease behind marginal bone loss around oral implants: position paper","volume":"35","author":"Albrektsson T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albrektsson T, Dahlin C, Reinedahl D, Tengvall P, Trindade R, Wennerberg A. An imbalance of the immune system instead of a disease behind marginal bone loss around oral implants: position paper. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2020, 35:495-502. 10.11607\/jomi.8218","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12711","article-title":"On inflammation-immunological balance theory-A critical apprehension of disease concepts around implants: mucositis and marginal bone loss may represent normal conditions and not necessarily a state of disease","volume":"21","author":"Albrektsson T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albrektsson T, Jemt T, M\u00f6lne J, Tengvall P, Wennerberg A. On inflammation-immunological balance theory-A critical apprehension of disease concepts around implants: mucositis and marginal bone loss may represent normal conditions and not necessarily a state of disease. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019, 21:183-9. 10.1111\/cid.12711","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Foreign body reactions, marginal bone loss and allergies in relation to titanium implants","volume":"11 Suppl 1","author":"Albrektsson T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albrektsson T, Chrcanovic B, M\u00f6lne J, Wennerberg A. Foreign body reactions, marginal bone loss and allergies in relation to titanium implants. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2018, 11 Suppl 1:S37-46.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12578","article-title":"Osseointegration and foreign body reaction: Titanium implants activate the immune system and suppress bone resorption during the first 4 weeks after implantation","volume":"20","author":"Trindade R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trindade R, Albrektsson T, Galli S, Prgomet Z, Tengvall P, Wennerberg A. Osseointegration and foreign body reaction: Titanium implants activate the immune system and suppress bone resorption during the first 4 weeks after implantation. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018, 20:82-91. 10.1111\/cid.12578","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"On implant surfaces: a review of current knowledge and opinions","volume":"25","author":"Wennerberg A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. On implant surfaces: a review of current knowledge and opinions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010, 25:63-74.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57378-2","article-title":"Bone Regulators and Osteoporosis Therapy","author":"Stern PH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stern PH. Bone Regulators and Osteoporosis Therapy. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland; 2020. 10.1007\/978-3-030-57378-2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132903","article-title":"The crosstalk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is dependent upon the composition and structure of biphasic calcium phosphates","volume":"10","author":"Shiwaku Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shiwaku Y, Neff L, Nagano K, et al.. The crosstalk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is dependent upon the composition and structure of biphasic calcium phosphates. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0132903. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0132903","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X16670154","article-title":"Bone modeling and remodeling: potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"8","author":"Langdahl B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langdahl B, Ferrari S, Dempster DW. Bone modeling and remodeling: potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2016, 8:225-35. 10.1177\/1759720X16670154","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-019-0111-3","article-title":"RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond","volume":"40","author":"Ono T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ono T, Hayashi M, Sasaki F, Nakashima T. RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond. Inflamm Regen. 2020, 40:2. 10.1186\/s41232-019-0111-3","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.07.002","article-title":"Are teeth superior to implants? A mapping review","volume":"126","author":"Sadowsky SJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadowsky SJ, Brunski JB. Are teeth superior to implants? A mapping review. J Prosthet Dent. 2021, 126:181-7. 10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.07.002","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12971","article-title":"Are marginal bone level changes around dental implants due to infection?","volume":"23","author":"Coli P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coli P, Jemt T. Are marginal bone level changes around dental implants due to infection?. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2021, 23:170-7. 10.1111\/cid.12971","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122091","article-title":"Periprosthetic osteolysis: mechanisms, prevention and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Goodman SB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodman SB, Gallo J. Periprosthetic osteolysis: mechanisms, prevention and treatment. J Clin Med. 2019, 8:2091. 10.3390\/jcm8122091","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-13-00355","article-title":"Histopathological verification of osteoimmunological mediators in peri-implantitis and correlation to bone loss and implant functional period","volume":"42","author":"Konermann A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Konermann A, G\u00f6tz W, Le M, Dirk C, Lossd\u00f6rfer S, Heinemann F. Histopathological verification of osteoimmunological mediators in peri-implantitis and correlation to bone loss and implant functional period. J Oral Implantol. 2016, 42:61-8. 10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-13-00355","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02518.x","article-title":"Bone loss biomarkers associated with peri-implantitis. A cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Rakic M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rakic M, Lekovic V, Nikolic-Jakoba N, Vojvodic D, Petkovic-Curcin A, Sanz M. Bone loss biomarkers associated with peri-implantitis. A cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013, 24:1110-6. 10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02518.x","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0350","article-title":"Peri-implantitis","volume":"89","author":"Schwarz F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang HL. Peri-implantitis. J Periodontol. 2018, 89:S267-90. 10.1002\/JPER.16-0350","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.05.005","article-title":"Obesity\/metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus on peri-implantitis","volume":"31","author":"de Oliveira PG","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Oliveira PG, Bonfante EA, Bergamo ET, et al.. Obesity\/metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus on peri-implantitis. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2020, 31:596-610. 10.1016\/j.tem.2020.05.005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.55141","article-title":"Current understanding of genetic polymorphisms as biomarkers for risk of biological complications in implantology","volume":"10","author":"Eguia Del Valle A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eguia Del Valle A, L\u00f3pez-Vicente J, Mart\u00ednez-Conde R, Aguirre-Zorzano LA. Current understanding of genetic polymorphisms as biomarkers for risk of biological complications in implantology. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018, 10:e1029-39. 10.4317\/jced.55141","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01283.x","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases: consensus report of the sixth European Workshop on Periodontology","volume":"35","author":"Lindhe J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindhe J, Meyle J. Peri-implant diseases: consensus report of the sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2008, 35:282-5. 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01283.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01674.x","article-title":"Periimplant diseases: where are we now?--consensus report of the seventh European Workshop on Periodontology.","volume":"38","author":"Lang NP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lang NP, Berglundh T. Periimplant diseases: where are we now?--consensus report of the seventh European Workshop on Periodontology.. J Clin Periodontol. 2011, 38:178-81. 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01674.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12142","article-title":"Is marginal bone loss around oral implants the result of a provoked foreign body reaction?","volume":"16","author":"Albrektsson T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albrektsson T, Dahlin C, Jemt T, Sennerby L, Turri A, Wennerberg A. Is marginal bone loss around oral implants the result of a provoked foreign body reaction?. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2014, 16:155-65. 10.1111\/cid.12142","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12970","article-title":"On marginal bone level changes around dental implants","volume":"23","author":"Coli P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coli P, Jemt T. On marginal bone level changes around dental implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2021, 23:159-69. 10.1111\/cid.12970","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0124","article-title":"Diagnosis of peri-implant status after peri-implantitis surgical treatment: proposal of a new classification","volume":"91","author":"Ravid\u00e0 A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ravid\u00e0 A, Galli M, Siqueira R, Saleh MH, Galindo-Moreno P, Wang HL. Diagnosis of peri-implant status after peri-implantitis surgical treatment: proposal of a new classification. J Periodontol. 2020, 91:1553-61. 10.1002\/JPER.20-0124","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12280","article-title":"Biofilm as a risk factor in implant treatment","volume":"81","author":"Daubert DM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daubert DM, Weinstein BF. Biofilm as a risk factor in implant treatment. Periodontol 2000. 2019, 81:29-40. 10.1111\/prd.12280","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12407","article-title":"It is all about peri-implant tissue health","volume":"88","author":"Schwarz F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwarz F, Ramanauskaite A. It is all about peri-implant tissue health. Periodontol 2000. 2022, 88:9-12. 10.1111\/prd.12407","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12954","article-title":"Peri-implantitis","volume":"45 Suppl 20","author":"Schwarz F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang HL. Peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018, 45 Suppl 20:S246-66. 10.1111\/jcpe.12954","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12417","article-title":"Surgical therapy of peri-implantitis","volume":"88","author":"Schwarz F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwarz F, Jepsen S, Obreja K, Galarraga-Vinueza ME, Ramanauskaite A. Surgical therapy of peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000. 2022, 88:145-81. 10.1111\/prd.12417","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.55.BJR-2016-0086","article-title":"The pathobiology and pathology of aseptic implant failure","volume":"5","author":"Athanasou NA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Athanasou NA. The pathobiology and pathology of aseptic implant failure. Bone Joint Res. 2016, 5:162-8. 10.1302\/2046-3758.55.BJR-2016-0086","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94606","article-title":"The many ways of osteoclast activation","volume":"127","author":"Lorenzo J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lorenzo J. The many ways of osteoclast activation. J Clin Invest. 2017, 127:2530-2. 10.1172\/JCI94606","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13270","article-title":"Microbiological profile and human immune response associated with peri-implantitis: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Kensara A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kensara A, Hefni E, Williams MA, Saito H, Mongodin E, Masri R. Microbiological profile and human immune response associated with peri-implantitis: a systematic review. J Prosthodont. 2021, 30:210-34. 10.1111\/jopr.13270","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194925","article-title":"From osteoclast differentiation to osteonecrosis of the jaw: molecular and clinical insights","volume":"20","author":"Anesi A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anesi A, Generali L, Sandoni L, Pozzi S, Grande A. From osteoclast differentiation to osteonecrosis of the jaw: molecular and clinical insights. Int J Mol Sci. 2019, 20:4925. 10.3390\/ijms20194925","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.4150","article-title":"The microbiologic profile associated with peri-implantitis in humans: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Rakic M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rakic M, Grusovin MG, Canullo L. The microbiologic profile associated with peri-implantitis in humans: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2016, 31:359-68. 10.11607\/jomi.4150","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12479","article-title":"Can degradation products released from dental implants affect peri-implant tissues?","volume":"53","author":"Noronha Oliveira M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noronha Oliveira M, Schunemann WV, Mathew MT, Henriques B, Magini RS, Teughels W, Souza JC. Can degradation products released from dental implants affect peri-implant tissues?. J Periodontal Res. 2018, 53:1-11. 10.1111\/jre.12479","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.07.022","article-title":"Influences of microgap and micromotion of implant-abutment interface on marginal bone loss around implant neck","volume":"83","author":"Liu Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang J. Influences of microgap and micromotion of implant-abutment interface on marginal bone loss around implant neck. Arch Oral Biol. 2017, 83:153-60. 10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.07.022","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.751503","article-title":"Oral osteomicrobiology: the role of oral microbiota in alveolar bone homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Cheng X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng X, Zhou X, Liu C, Xu X. Oral osteomicrobiology: the role of oral microbiota in alveolar bone homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021, 11:751503. 10.3389\/fcimb.2021.751503","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170123","article-title":"Microbiome and microbial biofilm profiles of peri-implantitis: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Lafaurie GI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lafaurie GI, Sabogal MA, Castillo DM, Rinc\u00f3n MV, G\u00f3mez LA, Lesmes YA, Chambrone L. Microbiome and microbial biofilm profiles of peri-implantitis: a systematic review. J Periodontol. 2017, 88:1066-89. 10.1902\/jop.2017.170123","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.10.1675","article-title":"T cells support osteoclastogenesis in an in vitro model derived from human periodontitis patients","volume":"76","author":"Brunetti G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brunetti G, Colucci S, Pignataro P, et al.. T cells support osteoclastogenesis in an in vitro model derived from human periodontitis patients. J Periodontol. 2005, 76:1675-80. 10.1902\/jop.2005.76.10.1675","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060321","article-title":"Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide-mediated experimental bone loss model for aggressive periodontitis","volume":"78","author":"Rogers JE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rogers JE, Li F, Coatney DD, et al.. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide-mediated experimental bone loss model for aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2007, 78:550-8. 10.1902\/jop.2007.060321","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130009","article-title":"Stimulatory effects of glucose and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the secretion of inflammatory mediators from human macrophages","volume":"85","author":"Hung SL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hung SL, Lee NG, Chang LY, Chen YT, Lai YL. Stimulatory effects of glucose and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the secretion of inflammatory mediators from human macrophages. J Periodontol. 2014, 85:140-9. 10.1902\/jop.2013.130009","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2016.1140152","article-title":"The osteoimmunology of alveolar bone loss","volume":"57","author":"Tompkins KA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tompkins KA. The osteoimmunology of alveolar bone loss. Connect Tissue Res. 2016, 57:69-90. 10.3109\/03008207.2016.1140152","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04061-w","article-title":"Comparison of RANKL and OPG levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid between healthy and diseased peri-implant tissues. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Theodoridis C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Theodoridis C, Doulkeridou C, Menexes G, Vouros I. Comparison of RANKL and OPG levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid between healthy and diseased peri-implant tissues. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022, 26:823-36. 10.1007\/s00784-021-04061-w","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116353","article-title":"RANKL biology","volume":"159","author":"Takegahara N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. RANKL biology. Bone. 2022, 159:116353. 10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116353","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.91","article-title":"Physiological and pathophysiological bone turnover - role of the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Weitzmann MN","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weitzmann MN, Ofotokun I. Physiological and pathophysiological bone turnover - role of the immune system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016, 12:518-32. 10.1038\/nrendo.2016.91","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13423","article-title":"Biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non-surgically treated implants with peri-implantitis","volume":"48","author":"Hentenaar DF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hentenaar DF, De Waal YC, Vissink A, et al.. Biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non-surgically treated implants with peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2021, 48:590-601. 10.1111\/jcpe.13423","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9040214","article-title":"Peri-implantitis diagnosis and prognosis using biomarkers in peri-implant crevicular fluid: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Alassy H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alassy H, Parachuru P, Wolff L. Peri-implantitis diagnosis and prognosis using biomarkers in peri-implant crevicular fluid: a narrative review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019, 9:214. 10.3390\/diagnostics9040214","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12694","article-title":"Use of IL-1 \u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and MMP-8 biomarkers to distinguish peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ghassib I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghassib I, Chen Z, Zhu J, Wang HL. Use of IL-1 \u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and MMP-8 biomarkers to distinguish peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019, 21:190-207. 10.1111\/cid.12694","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140603","article-title":"Can peri-implant crevicular fluid assist in the diagnosis of peri-implantitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Faot F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faot F, Nascimento GG, Bielemann AM, Camp\u00e3o TD, Leite FR, Quirynen M. Can peri-implant crevicular fluid assist in the diagnosis of peri-implantitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2015, 86:631-45. 10.1902\/jop.2015.140603","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12051","article-title":"Cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression in fibroblasts from peri-implantitis lesions in response to viable Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"48","author":"Irshad M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irshad M, Scheres N, Anssari Moin D, Crielaard W, Loos BG, Wismeijer D, Laine ML. Cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression in fibroblasts from peri-implantitis lesions in response to viable Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res. 2013, 48:647-56. 10.1111\/jre.12051","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01680.x","article-title":"Differential cytokine expressions affect the severity of peri-implant disease","volume":"20","author":"Duarte PM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duarte PM, de Mendon\u00e7a AC, M\u00e1ximo MB, Santos VR, Bastos MF, Nociti J\u00fanior FH. Differential cytokine expressions affect the severity of peri-implant disease. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009, 20:514-20. 10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01680.x","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.10.021","article-title":"Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of sclerostin, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG","volume":"113","author":"Yakar N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yakar N, Guncu GN, Akman AC, P\u0131nar A, Karabulut E, Nohutcu RM. Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of sclerostin, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG. Cytokine. 2019, 113:433-9. 10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.10.021","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12354","article-title":"Could cytokine levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid be used to distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri-implantitis? A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Duarte PM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duarte PM, Serr\u00e3o CR, Miranda TS, et al.. Could cytokine levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid be used to distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri-implantitis? A systematic review. J Periodontal Res. 2016, 51:689-98. 10.1111\/jre.12354","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-18-00212","article-title":"Genetic involvement in dental implant failure: association with polymorphisms of genes modulating inflammatory responses and bone metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Chen X","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhao Y. Genetic involvement in dental implant failure: association with polymorphisms of genes modulating inflammatory responses and bone metabolism. J Oral Implantol. 2019, 45:318-26. 10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-18-00212","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.08.005","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms as markers of genetic susceptibility for oral potentially malignant disorders risk: review of evidence to date","volume":"61","author":"Shridhar K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shridhar K, Aggarwal A, Walia GK, et al.. Single nucleotide polymorphisms as markers of genetic susceptibility for oral potentially malignant disorders risk: review of evidence to date. Oral Oncol. 2016, 61:146-51. 10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.08.005","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01480.x","article-title":"A TaqI polymorphism in the human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene correlates with IL-1 beta secretion in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Pociot F","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pociot F, M\u00f8lvig J, Wogensen L, Worsaae H, Nerup J. A TaqI polymorphism in the human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene correlates with IL-1 beta secretion in vitro. Eur J Clin Invest. 1992, 22:396-402. 10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01480.x","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-014-0065-0","article-title":"PAMPs and DAMPs as triggers for DIC","volume":"2","author":"Ito T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ito T. PAMPs and DAMPs as triggers for DIC. J Intensive Care. 2014, 2:67. 10.1186\/s40560-014-0065-0","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063654","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between IL-1B polymorphisms and cancer risk","volume":"8","author":"Xu J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu J, Yin Z, Cao S, et al.. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between IL-1B polymorphisms and cancer risk. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e63654. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0063654","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr16019315","article-title":"Association between the interleukin-1\u03b2 C-511T polymorphism and periodontitis: a meta-analysis in the Chinese population","volume":"16","author":"Wang HF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang HF, He FQ, Xu CJ, Li DM, Sun XJ, Chi YT, Guo W. Association between the interleukin-1\u03b2 C-511T polymorphism and periodontitis: a meta-analysis in the Chinese population. Genet Mol Res. 2017, 16:10.4238\/gmr16019315","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12237","article-title":"An exploratory case-control study on the impact of il-1 gene polymorphisms on early implant failure","volume":"18","author":"Cosyn J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cosyn J, Christiaens V, Koningsveld V, Coucke PJ, De Coster P, De Paepe A, De Bruyn H. An exploratory case-control study on the impact of il-1 gene polymorphisms on early implant failure. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016, 18:234-40. 10.1111\/cid.12237","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-09-00117.1","article-title":"The effect of interleukin-1 allele 2 genotype (IL-1a(-889) and IL-1b(+3954)) on the individual's susceptibility to peri-implantitis: case-control study","volume":"37","author":"Hamdy AA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamdy AA, Ebrahem MA. The effect of interleukin-1 allele 2 genotype (IL-1a(-889) and IL-1b(+3954)) on the individual's susceptibility to peri-implantitis: case-control study. J Oral Implantol. 2011, 37:325-34. 10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-09-00117.1","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.01026.x","article-title":"Impact of IL-1 genotype and smoking status on the prognosis of osseointegrated implants","volume":"15","author":"Gruica B","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gruica B, Wang HY, Lang NP, Buser D. Impact of IL-1 genotype and smoking status on the prognosis of osseointegrated implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004, 15:393-400. 10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.01026.x","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.January.26.11","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1G-308A polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wang HG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang HG, Yang J, Han H, Xu F, Bian Y, Zhang H, Wang JL. TNF-\u03b1G-308A polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance: a meta-analysis. Genet Mol Res. 2015, 14:563-73. 10.4238\/2015.January.26.11","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1313-3","article-title":"CD14 and TNF\u03b1 single nucleotide polymorphisms are candidates for genetic biomarkers of peri-implantitis","volume":"19","author":"Rakic M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rakic M, Petkovic-Curcin A, Struillou X, Matic S, Stamatovic N, Vojvodic D. CD14 and TNF\u03b1 single nucleotide polymorphisms are candidates for genetic biomarkers of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2015, 19:791-801. 10.1007\/s00784-014-1313-3","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3901368","article-title":"Polymorphisms of Il-10 (-1082) and RANKL (-438) genes and the failure of dental implants","volume":"2017","author":"Ribeiro R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ribeiro R, Melo R, Tortamano Neto P, Vajgel A, Souza PR, Cim\u00f5es R. Polymorphisms of Il-10 (-1082) and RANKL (-438) genes and the failure of dental implants. Int J Dent. 2017, 2017:3901368. 10.1155\/2017\/3901368","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.10.015","article-title":"Analysis of RANKL gene polymorphism (rs9533156 and rs2277438) in Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis","volume":"58","author":"Kadkhodazadeh M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kadkhodazadeh M, Ebadian AR, Gholami GA, Khosravi A, Tabari ZA. Analysis of RANKL gene polymorphism (rs9533156 and rs2277438) in Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis. Arch Oral Biol. 2013, 58:530-6. 10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.10.015","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.897592","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin gene (OPG) polymorphisms associated with peri-implantitis susceptibility in a Chinese Han population","volume":"22","author":"Zhou J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou J, Zhao Y. Osteoprotegerin gene (OPG) polymorphisms associated with peri-implantitis susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Med Sci Monit. 2016, 22:4271-6. 10.12659\/msm.897592","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239100","article-title":"Levels of gene expression of immunological biomarkers in peri-implant and periodontal tissues","volume":"17","author":"Figueiredo LC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Figueiredo LC, Bueno-Silva B, Nogueira CF, et al.. Levels of gene expression of immunological biomarkers in peri-implant and periodontal tissues. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020, 17:9100. 10.3390\/ijerph17239100","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.2.231","article-title":"A critical assessment of interleukin-1 (IL-1) genotyping when used in a genetic susceptibility test for severe chronic periodontitis","volume":"73","author":"Greenstein G","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greenstein G, Hart TC. A critical assessment of interleukin-1 (IL-1) genotyping when used in a genetic susceptibility test for severe chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2002, 73:231-47. 10.1902\/jop.2002.73.2.231","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01249.x","article-title":"IL-1RN gene polymorphism is associated with peri-implantitis","volume":"17","author":"Laine ML","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laine ML, Leonhardt A, Roos-Jans\u00e5ker AM, Pe\u00f1a AS, van Winkelhoff AJ, Winkel EG, Renvert S. IL-1RN gene polymorphism is associated with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006, 17:380-5. 10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01249.x","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2021.101528","article-title":"Association between tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (G-308A) polymorphism and chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and peri-implantitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhu X, Sun W. Association between tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (G-308A) polymorphism and chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and peri-implantitis: a meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2021, 21:101528. 10.1016\/j.jebdp.2021.101528","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2016015197","article-title":"Relationship between genetic polymorphisms with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in the Iranian population: a literature review","volume":"26","author":"Kadkhodazadeh M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kadkhodazadeh M, Tabari ZA, Pourseyediyan T, Najafi K, Amid R. Relationship between genetic polymorphisms with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in the Iranian population: a literature review. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2016, 26:183-90. 10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2016015197","journal-title":"J Long Term Eff Med Implants"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.93.BJR-2019-0089.R1","article-title":"Cigarette smoke inhalation impairs angiogenesis in early bone healing processes and delays fracture union","volume":"9","author":"Chang CJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang CJ, Jou IM, Wu TT, Su FC, Tai TW. Cigarette smoke inhalation impairs angiogenesis in early bone healing processes and delays fracture union. Bone Joint Res. 2020, 9:99-107. 10.1302\/2046-3758.93.BJR-2019-0089.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.05.014","article-title":"Impact of a chronic smoking habit on the osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in the peri-implant fluid of clinically healthy dental implants","volume":"70","author":"Negri BM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Negri BM, Pimentel SP, Casati MZ, Cirano FR, Casarin RC, Ribeiro FV. Impact of a chronic smoking habit on the osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in the peri-implant fluid of clinically healthy dental implants. Arch Oral Biol. 2016, 70:55-61. 10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.05.014","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.082","article-title":"Postoperative complications in smoking patients treated with implants: a retrospective study","volume":"69","author":"Rodriguez-Argueta OF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Argueta OF, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Gay-Escoda C. Postoperative complications in smoking patients treated with implants: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011, 69:2152-7. 10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.082","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58010039","article-title":"Smoking and dental implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Mustapha AD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mustapha AD, Salame Z, Chrcanovic BR. Smoking and dental implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021, 58:39. 10.3390\/medicina58010039","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_287_20","article-title":"Evidence-based analysis of the effect of smoking on osseointegrated implant outcome","volume":"12","author":"Hadadi AA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hadadi AA, Mezied MS. Evidence-based analysis of the effect of smoking on osseointegrated implant outcome. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2021, 12:133-8. 10.4103\/njms.NJMS_287_20","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117132","article-title":"The deleterious effects of smoking in bone mineralization and fibrillar matrix composition","volume":"241","author":"Barbosa AP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbosa AP, Louren\u00e7o JD, Junqueira JJ, et al.. The deleterious effects of smoking in bone mineralization and fibrillar matrix composition. Life Sci. 2020, 241:117132. 10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117132","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1206235","article-title":"The effect of tobacco smoking on bone mass: an overview of pathophysiologic mechanisms","volume":"2018","author":"Al-Bashaireh AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Bashaireh AM, Haddad LG, Weaver M, Chengguo X, Kelly DL, Yoon S. The effect of tobacco smoking on bone mass: an overview of pathophysiologic mechanisms. J Osteoporos. 2018, 2018:1206235. 10.1155\/2018\/1206235","journal-title":"J Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12228","article-title":"Tobacco-induced suppression of the vascular response to dental plaque","volume":"33","author":"Buduneli N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buduneli N, Scott DA. Tobacco-induced suppression of the vascular response to dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2018, 33:271-82. 10.1111\/omi.12228","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12282","article-title":"Tobacco-product usage as a risk factor for dental implants","volume":"81","author":"Javed F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javed F, Rahman I, Romanos GE. Tobacco-product usage as a risk factor for dental implants. Periodontol 2000. 2019, 81:48-56. 10.1111\/prd.12282","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12575","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels among cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and nontobacco users","volume":"20","author":"Akram Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akram Z, Vohra F, Bukhari IA, Sheikh SA, Javed F. Clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels among cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and nontobacco users. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018, 20:76-81. 10.1111\/cid.12575","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S297467","article-title":"Should quality of glycemic control guide dental implant therapy in patients with diabetes? Focus on: peri-implant diseases","volume":"13","author":"Aldahlawi S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aldahlawi S, Nourah D, Andreana S. Should quality of glycemic control guide dental implant therapy in patients with diabetes? Focus on: peri-implant diseases. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2021, 13:149-54. 10.2147\/CCIDE.S297467","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12339","article-title":"Influence of glycemic control on peri-implant bone healing: 12-month outcomes of local release of bone-related factors and implant stabilization in type 2 diabetics","volume":"18","author":"Ghiraldini B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghiraldini B, Conte A, Casarin RC, Casati MZ, Pimentel SP, Cirano FR, Ribeiro FV. Influence of glycemic control on peri-implant bone healing: 12-month outcomes of local release of bone-related factors and implant stabilization in type 2 diabetics. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016, 18:801-9. 10.1111\/cid.12339","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-021-00360-9","article-title":"Glycemic fluctuation exacerbates inflammation and bone loss and alters microbiota profile around implants in diabetic mice with experimental peri-implantitis","volume":"7","author":"Li H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Chen T, Hu A, Han X. Glycemic fluctuation exacerbates inflammation and bone loss and alters microbiota profile around implants in diabetic mice with experimental peri-implantitis. Int J Implant Dent. 2021, 7:79. 10.1186\/s40729-021-00360-9","journal-title":"Int J Implant Dent"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.05.025","article-title":"Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of the subgingival microbiome of diabetics and non-diabetics with different periodontal conditions","volume":"104","author":"Farina R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farina R, Severi M, Carrieri A, Miotto E, Sabbioni S, Trombelli L, Scapoli C. Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of the subgingival microbiome of diabetics and non-diabetics with different periodontal conditions. Arch Oral Biol. 2019, 104:13-23. 10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.05.025","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2022.05.007","article-title":"The influence of diabetes mellitus on the peri-implant microflora: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Sabanc\u0131 A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabanc\u0131 A, Eltas A, Celik B, Otlu B. The influence of diabetes mellitus on the peri-implant microflora: a cross-sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2022, 12:405-9. 10.1016\/j.jobcr.2022.05.007","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0501","article-title":"Clinicoradiographic markers of peri-implantitis in cigarette-smokers and never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 7-years follow-up","volume":"91","author":"Alqahtani F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alqahtani F, Alqhtani N, Alkhtani F, Devang Divakar D, Al-Kheraif AA, Javed F. Clinicoradiographic markers of peri-implantitis in cigarette-smokers and never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 7-years follow-up. J Periodontol. 2020, 91:1132-8. 10.1002\/JPER.19-0501","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01810.x","article-title":"The RANKL-OPG system in clinical periodontology","volume":"39","author":"Belibasakis GN","year":"2012","unstructured":"Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. The RANKL-OPG system in clinical periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2012, 39:239-48. 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01810.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140069","article-title":"Estimation of bone loss biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for peri-implantitis","volume":"85","author":"Rakic M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rakic M, Struillou X, Petkovic-Curcin A, Matic S, Canullo L, Sanz M, Vojvodic D. Estimation of bone loss biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for peri-implantitis. J Periodontol. 2014, 85:1566-74. 10.1902\/jop.2014.140069","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.777450","article-title":"Diabetes medication metformin inhibits osteoclast formation and activity in in vitro models for periodontitis","volume":"9","author":"Tao LY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tao LY, \u0141agosz-\u0106wik KB, Hogervorst JM, et al.. Diabetes medication metformin inhibits osteoclast formation and activity in in vitro models for periodontitis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021, 9:777450. 10.3389\/fcell.2021.777450","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12511","article-title":"Local risk indicators - consensus report of working group\u00a02","volume":"69","author":"Giovannoli JL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giovannoli JL, Roccuzzo M, Albouy JP, Duffau F, Lin GH, Serino G. Local risk indicators - consensus report of working group\u00a02. Int Dent J. 2019, 69:7-11. 10.1111\/idj.12511","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12253","article-title":"Differential behavior of fibroblasts and epithelial cells on structured implant abutment materials: a comparison of materials and surface topographies","volume":"17","author":"Nothdurft FP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nothdurft FP, Fontana D, Ruppenthal S, et al.. Differential behavior of fibroblasts and epithelial cells on structured implant abutment materials: a comparison of materials and surface topographies. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015, 17:1237-49. 10.1111\/cid.12253","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Response of soft tissue to different abutment materials with different surface topographies: a review of the literature","volume":"66","author":"Al Rezk F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al Rezk F, Trimpou G, Lauer HC, Weigl P, Krockow N. Response of soft tissue to different abutment materials with different surface topographies: a review of the literature. Gen Dent. 2018, 66:18-25.","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.11.030","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of peri-implant diseases based on the type of prosthetic restoration: a retrospective study after 17 to 23 years","author":"Kesar N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kesar N, Weigl P, Nentwig GH, Krebs M. Prevalence and risk of peri-implant diseases based on the type of prosthetic restoration: a retrospective study after 17 to 23 years. J Prosthet Dent. 2022, 10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.11.030","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12829","article-title":"Restoration contour is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional radiographic analysis","volume":"45","author":"Katafuchi M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katafuchi M, Weinstein BF, Leroux BG, Chen YW, Daubert DM. Restoration contour is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional radiographic analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018, 45:225-32. 10.1111\/jcpe.12829","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13251","article-title":"Association of prosthetic features and peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"47","author":"Yi Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yi Y, Koo KT, Schwarz F, Ben Amara H, Heo SJ. Association of prosthetic features and peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Periodontol. 2020, 47:392-403. 10.1111\/jcpe.13251","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0327","article-title":"Influence of restorative design on the progression of peri-implant bone loss: a retrospective study","volume":"92","author":"Majzoub J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Majzoub J, Chen Z, Saleh I, Askar H, Wang HL. Influence of restorative design on the progression of peri-implant bone loss: a retrospective study. J Periodontol. 2021, 92:536-46. 10.1002\/JPER.20-0327","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref99","article-title":"The role of implant-abutment connection in preventing bacterial leakage: a review","volume":"33","author":"Candotto V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Candotto V, Gabrione F, Oberti L, Lento D, Severino M. The role of implant-abutment connection in preventing bacterial leakage: a review. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019, 33:129-134. DENTAL SUPPLEMENT.","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12289","article-title":"Implant-abutment connection as contributing factor to peri-implant diseases","volume":"81","author":"Koutouzis T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koutouzis T. Implant-abutment connection as contributing factor to peri-implant diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2019, 81:152-66. 10.1111\/prd.12289","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2018.03.009","article-title":"Microgap and micromotion at the implant abutment interface cause marginal bone loss around dental implant but more evidence is needed","volume":"18","author":"Alqutaibi AY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alqutaibi AY, Aboalrejal AN. Microgap and micromotion at the implant abutment interface cause marginal bone loss around dental implant but more evidence is needed. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2018, 18:171-2. 10.1016\/j.jebdp.2018.03.009","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12421","article-title":"Internal bacterial colonization of implants: association with peri-implant bone loss","volume":"26","author":"Jerv\u00f8e-Storm PM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jerv\u00f8e-Storm PM, Jepsen S, J\u00f6hren P, Mericske-Stern R, Enkling N. Internal bacterial colonization of implants: association with peri-implant bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015, 26:957-63. 10.1111\/clr.12421","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.5367","article-title":"Abutment disconnection\/reconnection affects peri-implant marginal bone levels: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Koutouzis T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koutouzis T, Gholami F, Reynolds J, Lundgren T, Kotsakis GA. Abutment disconnection\/reconnection affects peri-implant marginal bone levels: a meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2017, 32:575-581.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12648","article-title":"The prosthetic abutment height can affect marginal bone loss around dental implants","volume":"20","author":"Lee BA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee BA, Kim BH, Kweon HH, Kim YT. The prosthetic abutment height can affect marginal bone loss around dental implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018, 20:799-805. 10.1111\/cid.12648","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12324","article-title":"Marginal bone loss as success criterion in implant dentistry: beyond 2 mm","volume":"26","author":"Galindo-Moreno P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galindo-Moreno P, Le\u00f3n-Cano A, Ortega-Oller I, Monje A, O Valle F, Catena A. Marginal bone loss as success criterion in implant dentistry: beyond 2 mm. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015, 26:e28-34. 10.1111\/clr.12324","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12554","article-title":"Abutment height influences the effect of platform switching on peri-implant marginal bone loss","volume":"27","author":"Galindo-Moreno P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Galindo-Moreno P, Le\u00f3n-Cano A, Monje A, Ortega-Oller I, O'Valle F, Catena A. Abutment height influences the effect of platform switching on peri-implant marginal bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016, 27:167-73. 10.1111\/clr.12554","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513519800","article-title":"Prosthetic abutment height is a key factor in peri-implant marginal bone loss","volume":"93","author":"Galindo-Moreno P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galindo-Moreno P, Le\u00f3n-Cano A, Ortega-Oller I, et al.. Prosthetic abutment height is a key factor in peri-implant marginal bone loss. J Dent Res. 2014, 93:80S-5S. 10.1177\/0022034513519800","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12291","article-title":"Effects of occlusal forces on the peri-implant-bone interface stability","volume":"81","author":"Delgado-Ruiz RA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delgado-Ruiz RA, Calvo-Guirado JL, Romanos GE. Effects of occlusal forces on the peri-implant-bone interface stability. Periodontol 2000. 2019, 81:179-93. 10.1111\/prd.12291","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-020-00262-2","article-title":"Influence of occlusal loading on peri-implant inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"6","author":"Vi\u00f1a-Almunia J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vi\u00f1a-Almunia J, Pellicer-Chover H, Garc\u00eda-Mira B, Romero-Mill\u00e1n J, Pe\u00f1arrocha-Oltra D, Pe\u00f1arrocha-Diago M. Influence of occlusal loading on peri-implant inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid: a prospective longitudinal study. Int J Implant Dent. 2020, 6:71. 10.1186\/s40729-020-00262-2","journal-title":"Int J Implant Dent"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513518345","article-title":"Ultrastructural characterization of the implant interface response to loading","volume":"93","author":"Zhang X","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang X, Duyck J, Vandamme K, Naert I, Carmeliet G. Ultrastructural characterization of the implant interface response to loading. J Dent Res. 2014, 93:313-8. 10.1177\/0022034513518345","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13305","article-title":"What is the impact of titanium particles and biocorrosion on implant survival and complications? A critical review","volume":"29","author":"Mombelli A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mombelli A, Hashim D, Cionca N. What is the impact of titanium particles and biocorrosion on implant survival and complications? A critical review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018, 29:37-53. 10.1111\/clr.13305","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12711","article-title":"Titanium particles and ions favor dysbiosis in oral biofilms","volume":"55","author":"Souza JG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Souza JG, Costa Oliveira BE, Bertolini M, et al.. Titanium particles and ions favor dysbiosis in oral biofilms. J Periodontal Res. 2020, 55:258-66. 10.1111\/jre.12711","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02963","article-title":"Mechanism and prevention of titanium particle-induced inflammation and osteolysis","volume":"9","author":"Eger M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eger M, Hiram-Bab S, Liron T, Sterer N, Carmi Y, Kohavi D, Gabet Y. Mechanism and prevention of titanium particle-induced inflammation and osteolysis. Front Immunol. 2018, 9:2963. 10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02963","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.08.002","article-title":"The effect of metal ions released from different dental implant-abutment couples on osteoblast function and secretion of bone resorbing mediators","volume":"66","author":"Alrabeah GO","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alrabeah GO, Brett P, Knowles JC, Petridis H. The effect of metal ions released from different dental implant-abutment couples on osteoblast function and secretion of bone resorbing mediators. J Dent. 2017, 66:91-101. 10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.08.002","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.17507","article-title":"Bone inflammation, bone infection and dental implants failure: histological and cytological aspects related to cement excess","volume":"2","author":"Tatullo M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Mastrangelo F, Gherlone E. Bone inflammation, bone infection and dental implants failure: histological and cytological aspects related to cement excess. J Bone Jt Infect. 2017, 2:84-9. 10.7150\/jbji.17507","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12954","article-title":"Excess cement and the risk of peri-implant disease - a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Staubli N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Staubli N, Walter C, Schmidt JC, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU. Excess cement and the risk of peri-implant disease - a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017, 28:1278-90. 10.1111\/clr.12954","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9121663","article-title":"Buccal bone thickness in anterior and posterior teeth-a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Heimes D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heimes D, Schiegnitz E, Kuchen R, K\u00e4mmerer PW, Al-Nawas B. Buccal bone thickness in anterior and posterior teeth-a systematic review. Healthcare (Basel). 2021, 9:1663. 10.3390\/healthcare9121663","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Risk indicators and prevention of implant soft-tissue complications: interproximal papillae loss and midfacial implant mucosal recessions","volume":"38","author":"Mailoa J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mailoa J, Miron RJ, Wang HL. Risk indicators and prevention of implant soft-tissue complications: interproximal papillae loss and midfacial implant mucosal recessions. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2017, 38:436-44.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.qi.a43664","article-title":"Mechanical stress during implant surgery and its effects on marginal bone: a literature review","volume":"51","author":"Ikar M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ikar M, Grobecker-Karl T, Karl M, Steiner C. Mechanical stress during implant surgery and its effects on marginal bone: a literature review. Quintessence Int. 2020, 51:142-50. 10.3290\/j.qi.a43664","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01679.x","article-title":"Implant micromotion is related to peak insertion torque and bone density","volume":"20","author":"Trisi P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trisi P, Perfetti G, Baldoni E, Berardi D, Colagiovanni M, Scogna G. Implant micromotion is related to peak insertion torque and bone density. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009, 20:467-71. 10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01679.x","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/127775-on-peri-implant-bone-loss-theories-trying-to-piece-together-the-jigsaw","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T14:53:09Z","timestamp":1707490389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/127775-on-peri-implant-bone-loss-theories-trying-to-piece-together-the-jigsaw"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":120,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.33237","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}