{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:24:38Z","timestamp":1790738678757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T17:32:07Z","timestamp":1675272727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Protocol Biopsy After Kidney Transplant: Clinical Application and Efficacy to Detect Allograft Rejection"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mahmoudreza","family":"Moein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Saidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.08.010","article-title":"Evaluation of adult kidney transplant candidates","volume":"50","author":"Bunnapradist S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bunnapradist S, Danovitch GM. Evaluation of adult kidney transplant candidates. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007, 50:890-8. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.08.010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03686.x","article-title":"Systematic review: kidney transplantation compared with dialysis in clinically relevant outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Tonelli M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Knoll G, et al.. Systematic review: kidney transplantation compared with dialysis in clinically relevant outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2011, 11:2093-109. 10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03686.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004352","article-title":"Superior outcomes of kidney transplantation compared with dialysis: an optimal matched analysis of a national population-based cohort study between 2005 and 2008 in Korea","volume":"95","author":"Yoo KD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoo KD, Kim CT, Kim MH, et al.. Superior outcomes of kidney transplantation compared with dialysis: an optimal matched analysis of a national population-based cohort study between 2005 and 2008 in Korea. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016, 95:e4352. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000004352","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200211270-00005","article-title":"Waiting time on dialysis as the strongest modifiable risk factor for renal transplant outcomes: a paired donor kidney analysis","volume":"74","author":"Meier-Kriesche HU","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meier-Kriesche HU, Kaplan B. Waiting time on dialysis as the strongest modifiable risk factor for renal transplant outcomes: a paired donor kidney analysis. Transplantation. 2002, 74:1377-81. 10.1097\/00007890-200211270-00005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06100617","article-title":"Association of kidney transplantation with survival in patients with long dialysis exposure","volume":"12","author":"Rose C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rose C, Gill J, Gill JS. Association of kidney transplantation with survival in patients with long dialysis exposure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017, 12:2024-31. 10.2215\/CJN.06100617","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Annual data report. USRDS. (2022). https.\/\/adr.usrds.org\/2021\/end-stage-renal-disease\/7-transplantation."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0902927","article-title":"Rejection of the kidney allograft","volume":"363","author":"Nankivell BJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nankivell BJ, Alexander SI. Rejection of the kidney allograft. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363:1451-62.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2005.00097.x","article-title":"Surgical complications after kidney transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Humar A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Humar A, Matas AJ. Surgical complications after kidney transplantation. Semin Dial. 2005, 18:505-10. 10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2005.00097.x","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04800908","article-title":"Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Naesens M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naesens M, Kuypers DR, Sarwal M. Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009, 4:481-508. 10.2215\/CJN.04800908","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020009","article-title":"The natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy","volume":"349","author":"Nankivell BJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nankivell BJ, Borrows RJ, Fung CL, O'Connell PJ, Allen RD, Chapman JR. The natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349:2326-33. 10.1056\/NEJMoa020009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00350705","article-title":"Protocol transplant biopsies: are they really needed?","volume":"1","author":"Wilkinson A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilkinson A. Protocol transplant biopsies: are they really needed?. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006, 1:130-7. 10.2215\/CJN.00350705","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11991019","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of acute rejection in kidney allografts","volume":"15","author":"Cooper JE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cooper JE. Evaluation and treatment of acute rejection in kidney allografts. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020, 15:430-8. 10.2215\/CJN.11991019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.20.003","article-title":"Diagnosis of renal transplant rejection: Banff classification and beyond","volume":"39","author":"Jeong HJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeong HJ. Diagnosis of renal transplant rejection: Banff classification and beyond. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020, 39:17-31. 10.23876\/j.krcp.20.003","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13282","article-title":"Protocol graft biopsy in kidney transplantation","volume":"23 Suppl 2","author":"Sakai K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakai K, Oguchi H, Muramatsu M, Shishido S. Protocol graft biopsy in kidney transplantation. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018, 23 Suppl 2:38-44. 10.1111\/nep.13282","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM10163635\/S1","article-title":"Protocol biopsies on de novo renal-transplants at 3 months after surgery: impact on 5-year transplant survival","volume":"10","author":"Terrec F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terrec F, Noble J, Naciri-Bennani H, et al.. Protocol biopsies on de novo renal-transplants at 3 months after surgery: impact on 5-year transplant survival. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:3635. 10.3390\/JCM10163635\/S1","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13785","article-title":"Two-year protocol biopsy after kidney transplantation in clinically stable recipients - a retrospective study","volume":"34","author":"Chen CC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen CC, Lin WC, Lee CY, Yang CY, Tsai MK. Two-year protocol biopsy after kidney transplantation in clinically stable recipients - a retrospective study. Transpl Int. 2021, 34:185-93. 10.1111\/tri.13785","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Diagnosis of renal transplant rejection: Banff classification and beyond","volume":"31","author":"Jeong HJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeong HJ. Diagnosis of renal transplant rejection: Banff classification and beyond. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2020, 31:17-31.","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01979.x","article-title":"Lack of benefit of early protocol biopsies in renal transplant patients receiving TAC and MMF: a randomized study","volume":"7","author":"Rush D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rush D, Arlen D, Boucher A, et al.. Lack of benefit of early protocol biopsies in renal transplant patients receiving TAC and MMF: a randomized study. Am J Transplant. 2007, 7:2538-45. 10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01979.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200206270-00023","article-title":"Subclinical rejection in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant recipients","volume":"73","author":"Gloor JM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gloor JM, Cohen AJ, Lager DJ, et al.. Subclinical rejection in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2002, 73:1965-8. 10.1097\/00007890-200206270-00023","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014040399","article-title":"Subclinical rejection phenotypes at 1 year post-transplant and outcome of kidney allografts","volume":"26","author":"Loupy A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loupy A, Vernerey D, Tinel C, et al.. Subclinical rejection phenotypes at 1 year post-transplant and outcome of kidney allografts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015, 26:1721-31. 10.1681\/ASN.2014040399","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000128167.60172.cc","article-title":"Natural history, risk factors, and impact of subclinical rejection in kidney transplantation","volume":"78","author":"Nankivell BJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nankivell BJ, Borrows RJ, Fung CL, O'Connell PJ, Allen RD, Chapman JR. Natural history, risk factors, and impact of subclinical rejection in kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2004, 78:242-9. 10.1097\/01.tp.0000128167.60172.cc","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199806150-00020","article-title":"Histologic features of chronic allograft nephropathy revealed by protocol biopsies in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"65","author":"Legendre C","year":"1998","unstructured":"Legendre C, Thervet E, Skhiri H, Mamzer-Bruneel MF, Cantarovich F, No\u00ebl LH, Kreis H. Histologic features of chronic allograft nephropathy revealed by protocol biopsies in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1998, 65:1506-9. 10.1097\/00007890-199806150-00020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2001.010109.x","article-title":"An analysis of early renal transplant protocol biopsies--the high incidence of subclinical tubulitis","volume":"1","author":"Shapiro R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shapiro R, Randhawa P, Jordan ML, et al.. An analysis of early renal transplant protocol biopsies--the high incidence of subclinical tubulitis. Am J Transplant. 2001, 1:47-50. 10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2001.010109.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1081806","article-title":"The relationship of untreated borderline infiltrates by the Banff criteria to acute rejection in renal allograft biopsies","volume":"10","author":"Meehan SM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Meehan SM, Siegel CT, Aronson AJ, Bartosh SM, Thistlethwaite JR, Woodle ES, Haas M. The relationship of untreated borderline infiltrates by the Banff criteria to acute rejection in renal allograft biopsies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999, 10:1806-14. 10.1681\/ASN.V1081806","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90471-0","article-title":"Significance of the Banff borderline biopsy","volume":"28","author":"Schweitzer EJ","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schweitzer EJ, Drachenberg CB, Anderson L, et al.. Significance of the Banff borderline biopsy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996, 28:585-8. 10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90471-0","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199710150-00010","article-title":"Clinical significance of renal allograft biopsies with \"borderline changes,\" as defined in the Banff schema","volume":"64","author":"Saad R","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saad R, Gritsch HA, Shapiro R, et al.. Clinical significance of renal allograft biopsies with \"borderline changes,\" as defined in the Banff schema. Transplantation. 1997, 64:992-5. 10.1097\/00007890-199710150-00010","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199011000-00010","article-title":"Percutaneous needle biopsy of the renal allograft. A clinical safety evaluation of 1129 biopsies","volume":"50","author":"Wilczek HE","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wilczek HE. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the renal allograft. A clinical safety evaluation of 1129 biopsies. Transplantation. 1990, 50:790-7. 10.1097\/00007890-199011000-00010","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000082542.99416.11","article-title":"Protocol biopsy of the stable renal transplant: a multicenter study of methods and complication rates","volume":"76","author":"Furness PN","year":"2003","unstructured":"Furness PN, Philpott CM, Chorbadjian MT, et al.. Protocol biopsy of the stable renal transplant: a multicenter study of methods and complication rates. Transplantation. 2003, 76:969-73. 10.1097\/01.TP.0000082542.99416.11","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00988.x","article-title":"Safety and adequacy of renal transplant protocol biopsies","volume":"5","author":"Schwarz A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schwarz A, Gwinner W, Hiss M, Radermacher J, Mengel M, Haller H. Safety and adequacy of renal transplant protocol biopsies. Am J Transplant. 2005, 5:1992-6. 10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00988.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.11.034","article-title":"Clinical outcomes from the Assessing Donor-derived cell-free DNA Monitoring Insights of kidney Allografts with Longitudinal surveillance (ADMIRAL) study","volume":"101","author":"Bu L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bu L, Gupta G, Pai A, et al.. Clinical outcomes from the Assessing Donor-derived cell-free DNA Monitoring Insights of kidney Allografts with Longitudinal surveillance (ADMIRAL) study. Kidney Int. 2022, 101:793-803. 10.1016\/j.kint.2021.11.034","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/133529-protocol-biopsy-after-kidney-transplant-clinical-application-and-efficacy-to-detect-allograft-rejection","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:51:17Z","timestamp":1707508277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/133529-protocol-biopsy-after-kidney-transplant-clinical-application-and-efficacy-to-detect-allograft-rejection"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34505","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]}}}