{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:10:32Z","timestamp":1790820632248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T09:04:33Z","timestamp":1678007073000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Medial Pulvinar Stimulation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Literature Review and a Hypothesis Based on Neuroanatomical Findings"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Theodosis","family":"Kalamatianos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Mavrovounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Skouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysios","family":"Pandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Fountas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Stranjalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Epilepsy. (2022). Accessed. September 20, 2022: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/epilepsy."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00301","article-title":"Drug-resistant epilepsy: multiple hypotheses, few answers","volume":"8","author":"Tang F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang F, Hartz AM, Bauer B. Drug-resistant epilepsy: multiple hypotheses, few answers. Front Neurol. 2017, 8:10.3389\/fneur.2017.00301","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","article-title":"Early identification of refractory epilepsy","volume":"342","author":"Kwan P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2000, 342:314-9. 10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00992.x","article-title":"Refractory epilepsy: clinical overview","volume":"48","author":"French JA","year":"2007","unstructured":"French JA. Refractory epilepsy: clinical overview. Epilepsia. 2007, 48:3-7. 10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00992.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00601","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation and drug-resistant epilepsy: a review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Zangiabadi N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zangiabadi N, Ladino LD, Sina F, Orozco-Hern\u00e1ndez JP, Carter A, T\u00e9llez-Zenteno JF. Deep brain stimulation and drug-resistant epilepsy: a review of the literature. Front Neurol. 2019, 10:10.3389\/fneur.2019.00601","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.5.FOCUS10111","article-title":"Cerebellar stimulation in the management of medically intractable epilepsy: a systematic and critical review","volume":"29","author":"Fountas KN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fountas KN, Kapsalaki E, Hadjigeorgiou G. Cerebellar stimulation in the management of medically intractable epilepsy: a systematic and critical review. Neurosurg Focus. 2010, 29:10.3171\/2010.5.FOCUS10111","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.02.004","article-title":"White matter stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"37","author":"Girgis F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Girgis F, Miller JP. White matter stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy. Seizure. 2016, 37:28-31. 10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.02.004","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-35205-2_17","article-title":"Chronic deep brain stimulation of subthalamic and anterior thalamic nuclei for controlling refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"99","author":"Lee KJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee KJ, Jang KS, Shon YM. Chronic deep brain stimulation of subthalamic and anterior thalamic nuclei for controlling refractory partial epilepsy. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2006, 99:87-91. 10.1007\/978-3-211-35205-2_17","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1987.tb05952.x","article-title":"Evoked metabolic responses in the limbic-striate system produced by stimulation of anterior thalamic nucleus in man","volume":"10","author":"Upton AR","year":"1987","unstructured":"Upton AR, Amin I, Garnett S, Springman M, Nahmias C, Cooper IS. Evoked metabolic responses in the limbic-striate system produced by stimulation of anterior thalamic nucleus in man. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1987, 10:217-25. 10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1987.tb05952.x","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Fisher R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher R, Salanova V, Witt T, et al.. Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2010, 51:899-908. 10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"84","author":"Salanova V","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salanova V, Witt T, Worth R, et al.. Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Neurology. 2015, 84:1017-25. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Premarket approval (PMA). (2022). Accessed. May 30, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfpma\/pma.cfm?id=P960009S219."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02134.x","article-title":"Effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nuclei on various intractable seizure patterns: I. Clinical seizures and paroxysmal EEG activity","volume":"34","author":"Velasco F","year":"1993","unstructured":"Velasco F, Velasco M, Velasco AL, Jim\u00e9nez F. Effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nuclei on various intractable seizure patterns: I. Clinical seizures and paroxysmal EEG activity. Epilepsia. 1993, 34:1052-64. 10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02134.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02192.x","article-title":"Placebo-controlled pilot study of centromedian thalamic stimulation in treatment of intractable seizures","volume":"33","author":"Fisher RS","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fisher RS, Uematsu S, Krauss GL, et al.. Placebo-controlled pilot study of centromedian thalamic stimulation in treatment of intractable seizures. Epilepsia. 1992, 33:841-51. 10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02192.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200008000-00007","article-title":"Predictors in the treatment of difficult-to-control seizures by electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus","volume":"47","author":"Velasco F","year":"2000","unstructured":"Velasco F, Velasco M, Jim\u00e9nez F, Velasco AL, Brito F, Rise M, Carrillo-Ruiz JD. Predictors in the treatment of difficult-to-control seizures by electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus. Neurosurgery. 2000, 47:295-305. 10.1097\/00006123-200008000-00007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26280","article-title":"DBS of thalamic centromedian nucleus for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (ESTEL trial)","volume":"91","author":"Dalic LJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dalic LJ, Warren AE, Bulluss KJ, Thevathasan W, Roten A, Churilov L, Archer JS. DBS of thalamic centromedian nucleus for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (ESTEL trial). Ann Neurol. 2022, 91:253-67. 10.1002\/ana.26280","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.11.012","article-title":"Centromedian thalamic nucleus with or without anterior thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for epilepsy in children and adults: a retrospective case series","volume":"84","author":"Alcala-Zermeno JL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alcala-Zermeno JL, Gregg NM, Wirrell EC, Stead M, Worrell GA, Van Gompel JJ, Lundstrom BN. Centromedian thalamic nucleus with or without anterior thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for epilepsy in children and adults: a retrospective case series. Seizure. 2021, 84:101-7. 10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.11.012","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.028","article-title":"Seizure outcome during bilateral, continuous, thalamic centromedian nuclei deep brain stimulation in patients with generalized epilepsy: a prospective, open-label study","volume":"81","author":"Cukiert A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cukiert A, Cukiert CM, Burattini JA, Mariani PP. Seizure outcome during bilateral, continuous, thalamic centromedian nuclei deep brain stimulation in patients with generalized epilepsy: a prospective, open-label study. Seizure. 2020, 81:304-9. 10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.028","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14677","article-title":"The effect of medial pulvinar stimulation on temporal lobe seizures","volume":"60","author":"Filipescu C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Filipescu C, Lagarde S, Lambert I, et al.. The effect of medial pulvinar stimulation on temporal lobe seizures. Epilepsia. 2019, 60:25-30. 10.1111\/epi.14677","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9861(19971103)387:4<588::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-z","article-title":"Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus","volume":"387","author":"Morel A","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D. Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol. 1997, 387:588-630. 10.1002\/(sici)1096-9861(19971103)387:4&lt;588::aid-cne8&gt;3.0.co;2-z","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22781","article-title":"Human pulvinar functional organization and connectivity","volume":"36","author":"Barron DS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barron DS, Eickhoff SB, Clos M, Fox PT. Human pulvinar functional organization and connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp. 2015, 36:2417-31. 10.1002\/hbm.22781","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117162","article-title":"Functional connectivity fingerprints of the human pulvinar: decoding its role in cognition","volume":"221","author":"Guedj C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guedj C, Vuilleumier P. Functional connectivity fingerprints of the human pulvinar: decoding its role in cognition. Neuroimage. 2020, 221:10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117162","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/789539","article-title":"The connectivity of the human pulvinar: a diffusion tensor imaging tractography study","volume":"2008","author":"Leh SE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leh SE, Chakravarty MM, Ptito A. The connectivity of the human pulvinar: a diffusion tensor imaging tractography study. Int J Biomed Imaging. 2008, 2008:789539. 10.1155\/2008\/789539","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Imaging"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.10.003","article-title":"Adaptive pulvinar circuitry supports visual cognition","volume":"20","author":"Bridge H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bridge H, Leopold DA, Bourne JA. Adaptive pulvinar circuitry supports visual cognition. Trends Cogn Sci. 2016, 20:146-57. 10.1016\/j.tics.2015.10.003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12932","article-title":"The medial pulvinar: function, origin and association with neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"235","author":"Homman-Ludiye J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Homman-Ludiye J, Bourne JA. The medial pulvinar: function, origin and association with neurodevelopmental disorders. J Anat. 2019, 235:507-20. 10.1111\/joa.12932","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970317)379:3<313::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Topographic organization of medial pulvinar connections with the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey","volume":"379","author":"Romanski LM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Romanski LM, Giguere M, Bates JF, Goldman-Rakic PS. Topographic organization of medial pulvinar connections with the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol. 1997, 379:313-32.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.2.133","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder","volume":"58","author":"Byne W","year":"2001","unstructured":"Byne W, Buchsbaum MS, Kemether E, Hazlett EA, Shinwari A, Mitropoulou V, Siever LJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001, 58:133-40. 10.1001\/archpsyc.58.2.133","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn135","article-title":"Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions","volume":"131","author":"Arend I","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arend I, Rafal R, Ward R. Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions. Brain. 2008, 131:2140-52. 10.1093\/brain\/awn135","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030398","article-title":"Morphological abnormalities of the thalamus in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"167","author":"Ivanov I","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ivanov I, Bansal R, Hao X, et al.. Morphological abnormalities of the thalamus in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2010, 167:397-408. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030398","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901150305","article-title":"The connections of the amygdala and of the anterior temporal cortex in the human brain","volume":"115","author":"Klingler J","year":"1960","unstructured":"Klingler J, Gloor P. The connections of the amygdala and of the anterior temporal cortex in the human brain. J Comp Neurol. 1960, 115:333-69. 10.1002\/cne.901150305","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.09.101","article-title":"Topographic classification of the thalamus surfaces related to microneurosurgery: a white matter fiber microdissection study","volume":"97","author":"Serra C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serra C, T\u00fcre U, Krayenb\u00fchl N, \u015eeng\u00fcl G, Ya\u015fargil DC, Ya\u015fargil MG. Topographic classification of the thalamus surfaces related to microneurosurgery: a white matter fiber microdissection study. World Neurosurg. 2017, 97:438-52. 10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.09.101","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02214-3","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the amygdaloid body and its connections","volume":"226","author":"Weiss A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiss A, Di Carlo DT, Di Russo P, Weiss F, Castagna M, Cosottini M, Perrini P. Microsurgical anatomy of the amygdaloid body and its connections. Brain Struct Funct. 2021, 226:861-74. 10.1007\/s00429-020-02214-3","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.025","article-title":"Multiple thalamo-cortical disconnections in anterior thalamic infarction: implications for thalamic mechanisms of memory and language","volume":"53","author":"Nishio Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishio Y, Hashimoto M, Ishii K, Ito D, Mugikura S, Takahashi S, Mori E. Multiple thalamo-cortical disconnections in anterior thalamic infarction: implications for thalamic mechanisms of memory and language. Neuropsychologia. 2014, 53:264-73. 10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.025","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2361-3","article-title":"Projections from the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, presubiculum, and parasubiculum to the medial thalamus in macaque monkeys: identifying different pathways using disconnection techniques","volume":"167","author":"Saunders RC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saunders RC, Mishkin M, Aggleton JP. Projections from the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, presubiculum, and parasubiculum to the medial thalamus in macaque monkeys: identifying different pathways using disconnection techniques. Exp Brain Res. 2005, 167:1-16. 10.1007\/s00221-005-2361-3","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn185","article-title":"Reciprocal thalamocortical connectivity of the medial pulvinar: a depth stimulation and evoked potential study in human brain","volume":"19","author":"Rosenberg DS","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rosenberg DS, Maugui\u00e8re F, Catenoix H, Faillenot I, Magnin M. Reciprocal thalamocortical connectivity of the medial pulvinar: a depth stimulation and evoked potential study in human brain. Cereb Cortex. 2009, 19:1462-73. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhn185","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.05.007","article-title":"Evoked potential study of hippocampal efferent projections in the human brain","volume":"122","author":"Catenoix H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Catenoix H, Magnin M, Maugui\u00e8re F, Ryvlin P. Evoked potential study of hippocampal efferent projections in the human brain. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011, 122:2488-97. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.05.007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14493","article-title":"Neuroimaging alterations related to status epilepticus in an adult population: definition of MRI findings and clinical-EEG correlation","volume":"59","author":"Giovannini G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giovannini G, Kuchukhidze G, McCoy MR, Meletti S, Trinka E. Neuroimaging alterations related to status epilepticus in an adult population: definition of MRI findings and clinical-EEG correlation. Epilepsia. 2018, 59:120-7. 10.1111\/epi.14493","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00375.x","article-title":"Involvement of medial pulvinar thalamic nucleus in human temporal lobe seizures","volume":"47","author":"Rosenberg DS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosenberg DS, Maugui\u00e8re F, Demarquay G, et al.. Involvement of medial pulvinar thalamic nucleus in human temporal lobe seizures. Epilepsia. 2006, 47:98-107. 10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00375.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl151","article-title":"The role of corticothalamic coupling in human temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"129","author":"Guye M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guye M, R\u00e9gis J, Tamura M, Wendling F, McGonigal A, Chauvel P, Bartolomei F. The role of corticothalamic coupling in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 2006, 129:1917-28. 10.1093\/brain\/awl151","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp086","article-title":"Impaired consciousness during temporal lobe seizures is related to increased long-distance cortical-subcortical synchronization","volume":"132","author":"Arthuis M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arthuis M, Valton L, R\u00e9gis J, et al.. Impaired consciousness during temporal lobe seizures is related to increased long-distance cortical-subcortical synchronization. Brain. 2009, 132:2091-101. 10.1093\/brain\/awp086","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00192","article-title":"Does the thalamo-cortical synchrony play a role in seizure termination?","volume":"6","author":"Evangelista E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evangelista E, B\u00e9nar C, Bonini F, Carron R, Colombet B, R\u00e9gis J, Bartolomei F. Does the thalamo-cortical synchrony play a role in seizure termination?. Front Neurol. 2015, 6:10.3389\/fneur.2015.00192","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011003","article-title":"The ictal signature of thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy: a SEEG study","volume":"96","author":"Pizzo F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pizzo F, Roehri N, Giusiano B, et al.. The ictal signature of thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy: a SEEG study. Neurology. 2021, 96:280-93. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh454","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted and perfusion MRI demonstrates parenchymal changes in complex partial status epilepticus","volume":"128","author":"Szabo K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Szabo K, Poepel A, Pohlmann-Eden B, et al.. Diffusion-weighted and perfusion MRI demonstrates parenchymal changes in complex partial status epilepticus. Brain. 2005, 128:1369-76. 10.1093\/brain\/awh454","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15065","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings in focal-onset status epilepticus","volume":"29","author":"Sarria-Estrada S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarria-Estrada S, Santamarina E, Quintana M, et al.. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in focal-onset status epilepticus. Eur J Neurol. 2022, 29:3-11. 10.1111\/ene.15065","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.005","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion changes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: SPM analysis of ictal and interictal SPECT","volume":"24","author":"Tae WS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tae WS, Joo EY, Kim JH, et al.. Cerebral perfusion changes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: SPM analysis of ictal and interictal SPECT. Neuroimage. 2005, 24:101-10. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.016","article-title":"The medial pulvinar as a subcortical relay in temporal lobe status epilepticus","volume":"81","author":"Capecchi F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Capecchi F, Mothersill I, Imbach LL. The medial pulvinar as a subcortical relay in temporal lobe status epilepticus. Seizure. 2020, 81:276-9. 10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12637","article-title":"Thalamic structural connectivity in medial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Barron DS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barron DS, Tandon N, Lancaster JL, Fox PT. Thalamic structural connectivity in medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014, 55:50-5. 10.1111\/epi.12637","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101671","article-title":"Nuclei-specific thalamic connectivity predicts seizure frequency in drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Jo HJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jo HJ, Kenny-Jung DL, Balzekas I, et al.. Nuclei-specific thalamic connectivity predicts seizure frequency in drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin. 2019, 21:10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101671","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13186","article-title":"Segmentation of the thalamus based on BOLD frequencies affected in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Morgan VL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morgan VL, Rogers BP, Abou-Khalil B. Segmentation of the thalamus based on BOLD frequencies affected in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015, 56:1819-27. 10.1111\/epi.13186","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12524","article-title":"Brain-responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the pulvinar nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy: a case series","volume":"6","author":"Burdette D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burdette D, Mirro EA, Lawrence M, Patra SE. Brain-responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the pulvinar nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy: a case series. Epilepsia Open. 2021, 6:611-7. 10.1002\/epi4.12524","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.01.021","article-title":"Ictal connectivity changes induced by pulvinar stimulation correlate with improvement of awareness","volume":"14","author":"Deutschov\u00e1 B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deutschov\u00e1 B, Pizzo F, Giusiano B, Villalon SM, Carron R, B\u00e9nar C, Bartolomei F. Ictal connectivity changes induced by pulvinar stimulation correlate with improvement of awareness. Brain Stimul. 2021, 14:344-6. 10.1016\/j.brs.2021.01.021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa141","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy: a role for modulation of the mammillothalamic tract in seizure control?","volume":"87","author":"Schaper FL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schaper FL, Plantinga BR, Colon AJ, et al.. Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy: a role for modulation of the mammillothalamic tract in seizure control?. Neurosurgery. 2020, 87:602-10. 10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa141","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23915","article-title":"Low-frequency electrical stimulation of a fiber tract in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"74","author":"Koubeissi MZ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koubeissi MZ, Kahriman E, Syed TU, Miller J, Durand DM. Low-frequency electrical stimulation of a fiber tract in temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2013, 74:223-31. 10.1002\/ana.23915","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27096","article-title":"Directional leads for deep brain stimulation: opportunities and challenges","volume":"32","author":"Sch\u00fcpbach WM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcpbach WM, Chabardes S, Matthies C, et al.. Directional leads for deep brain stimulation: opportunities and challenges. Mov Disord. 2017, 32:1371-5. 10.1002\/mds.27096","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/139976-medial-pulvinar-stimulation-in-temporal-lobe-epilepsy-a-literature-review-and-a-hypothesis-based-on-neuroanatomical-findings","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:50:43Z","timestamp":1707508243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/139976-medial-pulvinar-stimulation-in-temporal-lobe-epilepsy-a-literature-review-and-a-hypothesis-based-on-neuroanatomical-findings"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.35772","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]}}}