{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:40:48Z","timestamp":1787902848013,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T09:53:38Z","timestamp":1678010018000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Clinical Review on Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Vijaya Durga Pradeep","family":"Ganipineni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Dheeraj","family":"Gutlapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumanth","family":"Danda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer Krishna Prasad","family":"Garlapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikpechukwu","family":"Okorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jananthan","family":"Paramsothy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.309711","article-title":"Classification, epidemiology, and global burden of cardiomyopathies","volume":"121","author":"McKenna WJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKenna WJ, Maron BJ, Thiene G. Classification, epidemiology, and global burden of cardiomyopathies. Circ Res. 2017, 121:722-30. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.309711","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.6.672","article-title":"Report of the WHO\/ISFC task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies","volume":"44","author":"WHO\/ISFC Task Force","year":"1980","unstructured":"WHO\/ISFC Task Force. Report of the WHO\/ISFC task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. Br Heart J. 1980, 44:672-3. 10.1136\/hrt.44.6.672","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.05.013","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas 9 system for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy: a hypothesis related to function of a MAP kinase","volume":"128","author":"Olivaes J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olivaes J, Bonamino MH, Markoski MM. CRISPR\/Cas 9 system for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy: a hypothesis related to function of a MAP kinase. Med Hypotheses. 2019, 128:91-3. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.05.013","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62862","article-title":"Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"123","author":"McNally EM","year":"2013","unstructured":"McNally EM, Golbus JR, Puckelwartz MJ. Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest. 2013, 123:19-26. 10.1172\/JCI62862","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142019 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin EJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, et al.. Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019, 139:e56-528. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318157","article-title":"The complex and diverse genetic architecture of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"128","author":"Hershberger RE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hershberger RE, Cowan J, Jordan E, Kinnamon DD. The complex and diverse genetic architecture of dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res. 2021, 128:1514-32. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318157","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309396","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy: genetic determinants and mechanisms","volume":"121","author":"McNally EM","year":"2017","unstructured":"McNally EM, Mestroni L. Dilated cardiomyopathy: genetic determinants and mechanisms. Circ Res. 2017, 121:731-48. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309396","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2018.03.004","article-title":"Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathy\u2014a Heart Failure Society of America practice guideline","volume":"24","author":"Hershberger RE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hershberger RE, Givertz MM, Ho CY, et al.. Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathy\u2014a Heart Failure Society of America practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2018, 24:281-302. 10.1016\/j.cardfail.2018.03.004","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.011999","article-title":"Early predictors of survival to and after heart transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"126","author":"Pietra BA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pietra BA, Kantor PF, Bartlett HL, et al.. Early predictors of survival to and after heart transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2012, 126:1079-86. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.011999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac305","article-title":"Serine biosynthesis as a novel therapeutic target for dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"43","author":"Perea-Gil I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perea-Gil I, Seeger T, Bruyneel AA, et al.. Serine biosynthesis as a novel therapeutic target for dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 2022, 43:3477-89. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac305","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.13.66","article-title":"Pediatric cardiomyopathies: causes, epidemiology, clinical course, preventive strategies and therapies","volume":"9","author":"Lipshultz SE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lipshultz SE, Cochran TR, Briston DA, et al.. Pediatric cardiomyopathies: causes, epidemiology, clinical course, preventive strategies and therapies. Future Cardiol. 2013, 9:817-48. 10.2217\/fca.13.66","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012514","article-title":"Role of targeted therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy: the challenging road toward a personalized approach","volume":"8","author":"Verdonschot JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verdonschot JA, Hazebroek MR, Ware JS, Prasad SK, Heymans SR. Role of targeted therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy: the challenging road toward a personalized approach. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019, 8:e012514. 10.1161\/JAHA.119.012514","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01387","article-title":"CRISPR gene therapy: applications, limitations, and implications for the future","volume":"10","author":"Uddin F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uddin F, Rudin CM, Sen T. CRISPR gene therapy: applications, limitations, and implications for the future. Front Oncol. 2020, 10:1387. 10.3389\/fonc.2020.01387","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.11.011","article-title":"A TALEN genome-editing system for generating human stem cell-based disease models","volume":"12","author":"Ding Q","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ding Q, Lee YK, Schaefer EA, et al.. A TALEN genome-editing system for generating human stem cell-based disease models. Cell Stem Cell. 2013, 12:238-51. 10.1016\/j.stem.2012.11.011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.019","article-title":"Generation of isogenic pluripotent stem cells differing exclusively at two early onset Parkinson point mutations","volume":"146","author":"Soldner F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Soldner F, Lagani\u00e8re J, Cheng AW, et al.. Generation of isogenic pluripotent stem cells differing exclusively at two early onset Parkinson point mutations. Cell. 2011, 146:318-31. 10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1319","article-title":"An improved zinc-finger nuclease architecture for highly specific genome editing","volume":"25","author":"Miller JC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller JC, Holmes MC, Wang J, et al.. An improved zinc-finger nuclease architecture for highly specific genome editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2007, 25:778-85. 10.1038\/nbt1319","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1542","article-title":"Selection-free zinc-finger-nuclease engineering by context-dependent assembly (CoDA)","volume":"8","author":"Sander JD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sander JD, Dahlborg EJ, Goodwin MJ, et al.. Selection-free zinc-finger-nuclease engineering by context-dependent assembly (CoDA). Nat Methods. 2011, 8:67-9. 10.1038\/nmeth.1542","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207773","article-title":"Targeted genome editing across species using ZFNs and TALENs","volume":"333","author":"Wood AJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wood AJ, Lo TW, Zeitler B, et al.. Targeted genome editing across species using ZFNs and TALENs. Science. 2011, 333:307. 10.1126\/science.1207773","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.110.120717","article-title":"Targeting DNA double-strand breaks with TAL effector nucleases","volume":"186","author":"Christian M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christian M, Cermak T, Doyle EL, et al.. Targeting DNA double-strand breaks with TAL effector nucleases. Genetics. 2010, 186:757-61. 10.1534\/genetics.110.120717","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1775","article-title":"Efficient construction of sequence-specific TAL effectors for modulating mammalian transcription","volume":"29","author":"Zhang F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang F, Cong L, Lodato S, Kosuri S, Church GM, Arlotta P. Efficient construction of sequence-specific TAL effectors for modulating mammalian transcription. Nat Biotechnol. 2011, 29:149-53. 10.1038\/nbt.1775","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1927","article-title":"Genetic engineering of human pluripotent cells using TALE nucleases","volume":"29","author":"Hockemeyer D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hockemeyer D, Wang H, Kiani S, et al.. Genetic engineering of human pluripotent cells using TALE nucleases. Nat Biotechnol. 2011, 29:731-4. 10.1038\/nbt.1927","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2170","article-title":"FLASH assembly of TALENs for high-throughput genome editing","volume":"30","author":"Reyon D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reyon D, Tsai SQ, Khayter C, Foden JA, Sander JD, Joung JK. FLASH assembly of TALENs for high-throughput genome editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2012, 30:460-5. 10.1038\/nbt.2170","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178811","article-title":"Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors","volume":"326","author":"Boch J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boch J, Scholze H, Schornack S, et al.. Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors. Science. 2009, 326:1509-12. 10.1126\/science.1178811","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178817","article-title":"A simple cipher governs DNA recognition by TAL effectors","volume":"326","author":"Moscou MJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moscou MJ, Bogdanove AJ. A simple cipher governs DNA recognition by TAL effectors. Science. 2009, 326:1501. 10.1126\/science.1178817","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.431","article-title":"A transcription activator-like effector toolbox for genome engineering","volume":"7","author":"Sanjana NE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanjana NE, Cong L, Zhou Y, Cunniff MM, Feng G, Zhang F. A transcription activator-like effector toolbox for genome engineering. Nat Protoc. 2012, 7:171-92. 10.1038\/nprot.2011.431","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134123","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas system and its role in phage-bacteria interactions","volume":"64","author":"Deveau H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deveau H, Garneau JE, Moineau S. CRISPR\/Cas system and its role in phage-bacteria interactions. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010, 64:475-93. 10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134123","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179555","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea","volume":"327","author":"Horvath P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horvath P, Barrangou R. CRISPR\/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science. 2010, 327:167-70. 10.1126\/science.1179555","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2577","article-title":"Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems","volume":"9","author":"Makarova KS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Makarova KS, Haft DH, Barrangou R, et al.. Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011, 9:467-77. 10.1038\/nrmicro2577","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110410-132430","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria and archaea: versatile small RNAs for adaptive defense and regulation","volume":"45","author":"Bhaya D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhaya D, Davison M, Barrangou R. CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria and archaea: versatile small RNAs for adaptive defense and regulation. Annu Rev Genet. 2011, 45:273-97. 10.1146\/annurev-genet-110410-132430","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231143","article-title":"Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems","volume":"339","author":"Cong L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, et al.. Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems. Science. 2013, 339:819-23. 10.1126\/science.1231143","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232033","article-title":"RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9","volume":"339","author":"Mali P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mali P, Yang L, Esvelt KM, et al.. RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science. 2013, 339:823-6. 10.1126\/science.1232033","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00471","article-title":"RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells","volume":"2","author":"Jinek M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jinek M, East A, Cheng A, Lin S, Ma E, Doudna J. RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells. Elife. 2013, 2:e00471. 10.7554\/eLife.00471","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2507","article-title":"Targeted genome engineering in human cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease","volume":"31","author":"Cho SW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho SW, Kim S, Kim JM, Kim JS. Targeted genome engineering in human cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease. Nat Biotechnol. 2013, 31:230-2. 10.1038\/nbt.2507","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030733","article-title":"Genome editing for the understanding and treatment of inherited cardiomyopathies","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen Q, Lim KRQ, Yokota T. Genome editing for the understanding and treatment of inherited cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci. 2020, 21:733. 10.3390\/ijms21030733","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.021","article-title":"Mutations in Cypher\/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction","volume":"42","author":"Vatta M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, et al.. Mutations in Cypher\/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003, 42:2014-27. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-017-0410-8","article-title":"Genetics and genomics of dilated cardiomyopathy and systolic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Tayal U","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tayal U, Prasad S, Cook SA. Genetics and genomics of dilated cardiomyopathy and systolic heart failure. Genome Med. 2017, 9:20. 10.1186\/s13073-017-0410-8","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09879-3","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy: a genetically heterogeneous disease","volume":"360","author":"Shaw T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shaw T, Elliott P, McKenna WJ. Dilated cardiomyopathy: a genetically heterogeneous disease. Lancet. 2002, 360:654-5. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09879-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70119-X","article-title":"Pediatric myocardial disease","volume":"46","author":"Towbin JA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Towbin JA. Pediatric myocardial disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999, 46:289-312. 10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70119-X","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00433-6","article-title":"Familial dilated cardiomyopathy: cardiac abnormalities are common in asymptomatic relatives and may represent early disease","volume":"31","author":"Baig MK","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baig MK, Goldman JH, Caforio AL, Coonar AS, Keeling PJ, McKenna WJ. Familial dilated cardiomyopathy: cardiac abnormalities are common in asymptomatic relatives and may represent early disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998, 31:195-201. 10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00433-6","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.016","article-title":"Phospholamban R14 deletion results in late-onset, mild, hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"48","author":"DeWitt MM","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeWitt MM, MacLeod HM, Soliven B, McNally EM. Phospholamban R14 deletion results in late-onset, mild, hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006, 48:1396-8. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-14-0893","article-title":"Inherited cardiomyopathies","volume":"78","author":"Towbin JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Towbin JA. Inherited cardiomyopathies. Circ J. 2014, 78:2347-56. 10.1253\/circj.cj-14-0893","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31713-5","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"390","author":"Weintraub RG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2017, 390:400-14. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31713-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.1644","article-title":"The MOGE(S) classification for a phenotype-genotype nomenclature of cardiomyopathy: endorsed by the World Heart Federation","volume":"62","author":"Arbustini E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arbustini E, Narula N, Dec GW, et al.. The MOGE(S) classification for a phenotype-genotype nomenclature of cardiomyopathy: endorsed by the World Heart Federation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013, 62:2046-72. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.1644","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Braunwald E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Braunwald E, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Elsevier\/Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 2015."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057203","article-title":"Toward CRISPR therapies for cardiomyopathies","volume":"144","author":"Nishiyama T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nishiyama T, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Toward CRISPR therapies for cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 2021, 144:1525-7. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057203","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053033","article-title":"Evidence-based assessment of genes in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"144","author":"Jordan E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jordan E, Peterson L, Ai T, et al.. Evidence-based assessment of genes in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2021, 144:7-19. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053033","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110186","article-title":"Truncations of titin causing dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"366","author":"Herman DS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Herman DS, Lam L, Taylor MR, et al.. Truncations of titin causing dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2012, 366:619-28. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1110186","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)02954-6","article-title":"Natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy due to lamin A\/C gene mutations","volume":"5","author":"Taylor MR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taylor MR, Fain PR, Sinagra G, et al.. Natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy due to lamin A\/C gene mutations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003, 5:771-80. 10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)02954-6","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000455","article-title":"Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for specific dilated cardiomyopathies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"Bozkurt B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bozkurt B, Colvin M, Cook J, et al.. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for specific dilated cardiomyopathies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016, 134:e579-646. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000455","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066323.15244.54","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of disease genes, spectrum of mutations, and implications for a molecular diagnosis strategy","volume":"107","author":"Richard P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richard P, Charron P, Carrier L, et al.. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of disease genes, spectrum of mutations, and implications for a molecular diagnosis strategy. Circulation. 2003, 107:2227-32. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066323.15244.54","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0902923","article-title":"Inherited cardiomyopathies","volume":"364","author":"Watkins H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Watkins H, Ashrafian H, Redwood C. Inherited cardiomyopathies. N Engl J Med. 2011, 364:1643-56. 10.1056\/NEJMra0902923","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v4102291","article-title":"Function and regulation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) \/ CRISPR associated (Cas) systems","volume":"4","author":"Richter C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Richter C, Chang JT, Fineran PC. Function and regulation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) \/ CRISPR associated (Cas) systems. Viruses. 2012, 4:2291-311. 10.3390\/v4102291","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.10.014","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-induced (CTG\u22c5CAG)n repeat instability in the myotonic dystrophy type 1 locus: implications for therapeutic genome editing","volume":"25","author":"van Agtmaal EL","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Agtmaal EL, Andr\u00e9 LM, Willemse M, et al.. CRISPR\/Cas9-induced (CTG\u22c5CAG)n repeat instability in the myotonic dystrophy type 1 locus: implications for therapeutic genome editing. Mol Ther. 2017, 25:24-43. 10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.10.014","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225829","article-title":"A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity","volume":"337","author":"Jinek M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jinek M, Chylinski K, Fonfara I, Hauer M, Doudna JA, Charpentier E. A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science. 2012, 337:816-21. 10.1126\/science.1225829","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24644","article-title":"Programmable base editing of A\u2022T to G\u2022C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage","volume":"551","author":"Gaudelli NM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaudelli NM, Komor AC, Rees HA, Packer MS, Badran AH, Bryson DI, Liu DR. Programmable base editing of A\u2022T to G\u2022C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage. Nature. 2017, 551:464-71. 10.1038\/nature24644","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1711-4","article-title":"Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA","volume":"576","author":"Anzalone AV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anzalone AV, Randolph PB, Davis JR, et al.. Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature. 2019, 576:149-57. 10.1038\/s41586-019-1711-4","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.010","article-title":"Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering","volume":"157","author":"Hsu PD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsu PD, Lander ES, Zhang F. Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell. 2014, 157:1262-78. 10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr218","article-title":"Efficient design and assembly of custom TALEN and other TAL effector-based constructs for DNA targeting","volume":"39","author":"Cermak T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cermak T, Doyle EL, Christian M, et al.. Efficient design and assembly of custom TALEN and other TAL effector-based constructs for DNA targeting. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39:e82. 10.1093\/nar\/gkr218","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2460","article-title":"A ligation-independent cloning technique for high-throughput assembly of transcription activator-like effector genes","volume":"31","author":"Schmid-Burgk JL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmid-Burgk JL, Schmidt T, Kaiser V, H\u00f6ning K, Hornung V. A ligation-independent cloning technique for high-throughput assembly of transcription activator-like effector genes. Nat Biotechnol. 2013, 31:76-81. 10.1038\/nbt.2460","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.143","article-title":"Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system","volume":"8","author":"Ran FA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ran FA, Hsu PD, Wright J, Agarwala V, Scott DA, Zhang F. Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Protoc. 2013, 8:2281-308. 10.1038\/nprot.2013.143","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1755","article-title":"A TALE nuclease architecture for efficient genome editing","volume":"29","author":"Miller JC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller JC, Tan S, Qiao G, et al.. A TALE nuclease architecture for efficient genome editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2011, 29:143-8. 10.1038\/nbt.1755","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523918113","article-title":"A mouse model for adult cardiac-specific gene deletion with CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"113","author":"Carroll KJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carroll KJ, Makarewich CA, McAnally J, et al.. A mouse model for adult cardiac-specific gene deletion with CRISPR\/Cas9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016, 113:338-43. 10.1073\/pnas.1523918113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.101901","article-title":"Generation of pluripotent stem cell lines and CRISPR\/Cas9 modified isogenic controls from a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy harboring a RBM20 p.R634W mutation","volume":"47","author":"Rebs S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rebs S, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Meder B, Streckfuss-B\u00f6meke K. Generation of pluripotent stem cell lines and CRISPR\/Cas9 modified isogenic controls from a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy harboring a RBM20 p.R634W mutation. Stem Cell Res. 2020, 47:101901. 10.1016\/j.scr.2020.101901","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124297","article-title":"AAV CRISPR editing rescues cardiac and muscle function for 18 months in dystrophic mice","volume":"3","author":"Hakim CH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hakim CH, Wasala NB, Nelson CE, et al.. AAV CRISPR editing rescues cardiac and muscle function for 18 months in dystrophic mice. JCI Insight. 2018, 3:e124297. 10.1172\/jci.insight.124297","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2021.102544","article-title":"Modeling of dilated cardiomyopathy by establishment of isogenic human iPSC lines carrying phospholamban C25T (R9C) mutation (UPITTi002-A-1) using CRISPR\/Cas9 editing","volume":"56","author":"Barndt RJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barndt RJ, Ma N, Tang Y, Haugh MP, Alamri LS, Chan SY, Wu H. Modeling of dilated cardiomyopathy by establishment of isogenic human iPSC lines carrying phospholamban C25T (R9C) mutation (UPITTi002-A-1) using CRISPR\/Cas9 editing. Stem Cell Res. 2021, 56:102544. 10.1016\/j.scr.2021.102544","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.102077","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 mediated establishment of a human CSRP3 compound heterozygous knockout hESC line to model cardiomyopathy and heart failure","volume":"49","author":"Sun L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun L, Li J, Li E, et al.. CRISPR\/Cas9 mediated establishment of a human CSRP3 compound heterozygous knockout hESC line to model cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Stem Cell Res. 2020, 49:102077. 10.1016\/j.scr.2020.102077","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.032201","article-title":"A novel rabbit model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy generated by CRISPR\/Cas9","volume":"11","author":"Sui T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sui T, Lau YS, Liu D, et al.. A novel rabbit model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy generated by CRISPR\/Cas9. Dis Model Mech. 2018, 11:dmm032201. 10.1242\/dmm.032201","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310996","article-title":"In vivo genome editing restores dystrophin expression and cardiac function in dystrophic mice","volume":"121","author":"El Refaey M","year":"2017","unstructured":"El Refaey M, Xu L, Gao Y, et al.. In vivo genome editing restores dystrophin expression and cardiac function in dystrophic mice. Circ Res. 2017, 121:923-9. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310996","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac021","article-title":"Gene editing reverses arrhythmia susceptibility in humanized PLN-R14del mice: modelling a European cardiomyopathy with global impact","volume":"118","author":"Dave J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dave J, Raad N, Mittal N, et al.. Gene editing reverses arrhythmia susceptibility in humanized PLN-R14del mice: modelling a European cardiomyopathy with global impact. Cardiovasc Res. 2022, 118:3140-50. 10.1093\/cvr\/cvac021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14189","article-title":"Non-negative blind deconvolution for signal processing in a CRISPR-edited iPSC-cardiomyocyte model of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"595","author":"Xu H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu H, Wali R, Cheruiyot C, et al.. Non-negative blind deconvolution for signal processing in a CRISPR-edited iPSC-cardiomyocyte model of dilated cardiomyopathy. FEBS Lett. 2021, 595:2544-57. 10.1002\/1873-3468.14189","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade1633","article-title":"Precise genomic editing of pathogenic mutations in RBM20 rescues dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Nishiyama T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishiyama T, Zhang Y, Cui M, et al.. Precise genomic editing of pathogenic mutations in RBM20 rescues dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med. 2022, 14:eade1633. 10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade1633","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.06.008","article-title":"CRISPR craze to transform cardiac biology","volume":"25","author":"van Kampen SJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Kampen SJ, van Rooij E. CRISPR craze to transform cardiac biology. Trends Mol Med. 2019, 25:791-802. 10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.06.008","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071608","article-title":"Latest developed strategies to minimize the off-target effects in CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing","volume":"9","author":"Naeem M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naeem M, Majeed S, Hoque MZ, Ahmad I. Latest developed strategies to minimize the off-target effects in CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing. Cells. 2020, 9:1608. 10.3390\/cells9071608","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222010985","article-title":"Recent advances in CRISPR\/Cas9-based genome editing tools for cardiac diseases","volume":"22","author":"Schreurs J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schreurs J, Sacchetto C, Colpaert RM, Vitiello L, Rampazzo A, Calore M. Recent advances in CRISPR\/Cas9-based genome editing tools for cardiac diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:10985. 10.3390\/ijms222010985","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2693","article-title":"RBM20, a gene for hereditary cardiomyopathy, regulates titin splicing","volume":"18","author":"Guo W","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo W, Schafer S, Greaser ML, et al.. RBM20, a gene for hereditary cardiomyopathy, regulates titin splicing. Nat Med. 2012, 18:766-73. 10.1038\/nm.2693","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/142407-clustered-regularly-interspaced-short-palindromic-repeats-crispr-in-cardiovascular-disease-a-comprehensive-clinical-review-on-dilated-cardiomyopathy","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:51:54Z","timestamp":1707508314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/142407-clustered-regularly-interspaced-short-palindromic-repeats-crispr-in-cardiovascular-disease-a-comprehensive-clinical-review-on-dilated-cardiomyopathy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"references-count":75,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.35774","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]}}}