{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:18:59Z","timestamp":1773829139623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T15:09:03Z","timestamp":1678892943000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors and Dietary Interventions: A Combined Novel Approach for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ayoola","family":"Awosika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anosh","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uzochukwu","family":"Adabanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adekunle E","family":"Omole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M","family":"Millis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30106-3","article-title":"Essential hypertension as an endocrine disease","volume":"23","author":"Williams GH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams GH. Essential hypertension as an endocrine disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1994, 23:429-44.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.02.005","article-title":"New aspects of rapid aldosterone signaling","volume":"308","author":"Grossmann C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grossmann C, Gekle M. New aspects of rapid aldosterone signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009, 308:53-62. 10.1016\/j.mce.2009.02.005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259797.48382.b2","article-title":"Nongenomic actions of aldosterone on the renal tubule","volume":"49","author":"Good DW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Good DW. Nongenomic actions of aldosterone on the renal tubule. Hypertension. 2007, 49:728-39. 10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259797.48382.b2","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2005.02.004","article-title":"Nongenomic effects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in the cardiovascular system","volume":"70","author":"Mihailidou AS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mihailidou AS, Funder JW. Nongenomic effects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in the cardiovascular system. Steroids. 2005, 70:347-51. 10.1016\/j.steroids.2005.02.004","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.029892","article-title":"Effects of a novel aldosterone synthase inhibitor for treatment of primary hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"124","author":"Calhoun DA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calhoun DA, White WB, Krum H, et al.. Effects of a novel aldosterone synthase inhibitor for treatment of primary hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase 2 trial. Circulation. 2011, 124:1945-55.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2063193","article-title":"Blood pressure control--special role of the kidneys and body fluids","volume":"252","author":"Guyton AC","year":"1991","unstructured":"Guyton AC. Blood pressure control--special role of the kidneys and body fluids. Science. 1991, 252:1813-6. 10.1126\/science.2063193","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1980.105","article-title":"Pressure natriuresis in isolated kidneys from hypertension-prone and hypertension-resistant rats (Dahl rats)","volume":"18","author":"Girardin E","year":"1980","unstructured":"Girardin E, Caverzasio J, Iwai J, Bonjour JP, Muller AF, Grandchamp A. Pressure natriuresis in isolated kidneys from hypertension-prone and hypertension-resistant rats (Dahl rats). Kidney Int. 1980, 18:10-9. 10.1038\/ki.1980.105","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/291329a0","article-title":"Maintenance of blood pressure by the renin-angiotensin system in normal man","volume":"291","author":"MacGregor GA","year":"1981","unstructured":"MacGregor GA, Markandu ND, Roulston JE, Jones JC, Morton JJ. Maintenance of blood pressure by the renin-angiotensin system in normal man. Nature. 1981, 291:329-31. 10.1038\/291329a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2014.29.3.291","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin system and aging in the kidney","volume":"29","author":"Yoon HE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoon HE, Choi BS. The renin-angiotensin system and aging in the kidney. Korean J Intern Med. 2014, 29:291-5. 10.3904\/kjim.2014.29.3.291","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00052.2018","article-title":"How do kidneys adapt to a deficit or loss in nephron number?","volume":"34","author":"Fattah H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fattah H, Layton A, Vallon V. How do kidneys adapt to a deficit or loss in nephron number?. Physiology (Bethesda). 2019, 34:189-97. 10.1152\/physiol.00052.2018","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-022-01070-4","article-title":"Results from a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, multiple ascending dose study characterizing the pharmacokinetics and demonstrating the safety and selectivity of the aldosterone synthase inhibitor baxdrostat in healthy volunteers","volume":"46","author":"Freeman MW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freeman MW, Bond M, Murphy B, Hui J, Isaacsohn J. Results from a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, multiple ascending dose study characterizing the pharmacokinetics and demonstrating the safety and selectivity of the aldosterone synthase inhibitor baxdrostat in healthy volunteers. Hypertens Res. 2023, 46:108-18. 10.1038\/s41440-022-01070-4","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213169","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of baxdrostat for treatment-resistant hypertension","volume":"388","author":"Freeman MW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freeman MW, Halvorsen YD, Marshall W, et al.. Phase 2 trial of baxdrostat for treatment-resistant hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2023, 388:395-405. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2213169","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320317717883","article-title":"LY3045697: Results from two randomized clinical trials of a novel inhibitor of aldosterone synthase","volume":"18","author":"Sloan-Lancaster J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sloan-Lancaster J, Raddad E, Flynt A, Jin Y, Voelker J, Miller JW. LY3045697: Results from two randomized clinical trials of a novel inhibitor of aldosterone synthase. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2017, 18:1470320317717883. 10.1177\/1470320317717883","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0340-9","article-title":"Aldosterone synthase inhibition: cardiorenal protection in animal disease models and translation of hormonal effects to human subjects","volume":"12","author":"M\u00e9nard J","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00e9nard J, Rigel DF, Watson C, et al.. Aldosterone synthase inhibition: cardiorenal protection in animal disease models and translation of hormonal effects to human subjects. J Transl Med. 2014, 12:340. 10.1186\/s12967-014-0340-9","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328363570c","article-title":"Aldosterone synthase inhibition for the treatment of hypertension and the derived mechanistic requirements for a new therapeutic strategy","volume":"31","author":"Schumacher CD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schumacher CD, Steele RE, Brunner HR. Aldosterone synthase inhibition for the treatment of hypertension and the derived mechanistic requirements for a new therapeutic strategy. J Hypertens. 2013, 31:2085-93. 10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328363570c","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12051","article-title":"Study of aldosterone synthase inhibition as an add-on therapy in resistant hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Karns AD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karns AD, Bral JM, Hartman D, Peppard T, Schumacher C. Study of aldosterone synthase inhibition as an add-on therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013, 15:186-92. 10.1111\/jch.12051","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2012.00667.x","article-title":"The effects of aldosterone synthase inhibition on aldosterone and cortisol in patients with hypertension: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"Andersen K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andersen K, Hartman D, Peppard T, Hermann D, Van Ess P, Lefkowitz M, Trapani A. The effects of aldosterone synthase inhibition on aldosterone and cortisol in patients with hypertension: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012, 14:580-7. 10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2012.00667.x","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00100.2011","article-title":"Extra-adrenal glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids: evidence for local synthesis, regulation, and function","volume":"301","author":"Taves MD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taves MD, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Soma KK. Extra-adrenal glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids: evidence for local synthesis, regulation, and function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011, 301:E11-24. 10.1152\/ajpendo.00100.2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.99.20.2694","article-title":"Activation of cardiac aldosterone production in rat myocardial infarction: effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade and role in cardiac fibrosis","volume":"99","author":"Silvestre JS","year":"1999","unstructured":"Silvestre JS, Heymes C, Oub\u00e9na\u00efssa A, et al.. Activation of cardiac aldosterone production in rat myocardial infarction: effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade and role in cardiac fibrosis. Circulation. 1999, 99:2694-701. 10.1161\/01.cir.99.20.2694","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.013","article-title":"Aldosterone synthase deficiency and related disorders","volume":"217","author":"White PC","year":"2004","unstructured":"White PC. Aldosterone synthase deficiency and related disorders. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004, 217:81-7. 10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-2-4-495","article-title":"Isolated aldosterone deficiency in man: acquired and inborn errors in the biosynthesis or action of aldosterone","volume":"2","author":"Veldhuis JD","year":"1981","unstructured":"Veldhuis JD, Melby JC. Isolated aldosterone deficiency in man: acquired and inborn errors in the biosynthesis or action of aldosterone. Endocr Rev. 1981, 2:495-517. 10.1210\/edrv-2-4-495","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259805.18468.8c","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension","volume":"49","author":"Chapman N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chapman N, Dobson J, Wilson S, Dahl\u00f6f B, Sever PS, Wedel H, Poulter NR. Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2007, 49:839-45. 10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259805.18468.8c","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2008.05.005","article-title":"Effectiveness of the selective aldosterone blocker, eplerenone, in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Calhoun DA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Calhoun DA, White WB. Effectiveness of the selective aldosterone blocker, eplerenone, in patients with resistant hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2008, 2:462-8. 10.1016\/j.jash.2008.05.005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1097968","article-title":"The selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor baxdrostat significantly lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Forzano I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forzano I, Mone P, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, De Luca A, Santulli G. The selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor baxdrostat significantly lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022, 13:1097968. 10.3389\/fendo.2022.1097968","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30071-8","article-title":"Endocrine and haemodynamic changes in resistant hypertension, and blood pressure responses to spironolactone or amiloride: the PATHWAY-2 mechanisms substudies","volume":"6","author":"Williams B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant SV, et al.. Endocrine and haemodynamic changes in resistant hypertension, and blood pressure responses to spironolactone or amiloride: the PATHWAY-2 mechanisms substudies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018, 6:464-75. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30071-8","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00257-3","article-title":"Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"386","author":"Williams B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, et al.. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet. 2015, 386:2059-68. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00257-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.004","article-title":"The discovery, isolation and identification of aldosterone: reflections on emerging regulation and function","volume":"217","author":"Tait SA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tait SA, Tait JF, Coghlan JP. The discovery, isolation and identification of aldosterone: reflections on emerging regulation and function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004, 217:1-21. 10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of LCI699 for hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Wang H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang H, Tian J, Yang K. Efficacy and safety of LCI699 for hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015, 19:296-304.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.168","article-title":"Epigenetics, essential hypertension and renin-angiotensin system upregulation in the offspring of water-deprived pregnant rats","volume":"32","author":"Millis RM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Millis RM. Epigenetics, essential hypertension and renin-angiotensin system upregulation in the offspring of water-deprived pregnant rats. Hypertens Res. 2009, 32:1051-2. 10.1038\/hr.2009.168","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.770375","article-title":"Aldosterone-regulated sodium transport and blood pressure","volume":"13","author":"Tsilosani A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsilosani A, Gao C, Zhang W. Aldosterone-regulated sodium transport and blood pressure. Front Physiol. 2022, 13:770375. 10.3389\/fphys.2022.770375","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.17964","article-title":"Aldosterone as a mediator of cardiovascular damage","volume":"79","author":"Buffolo F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buffolo F, Tetti M, Mulatero P, Monticone S. Aldosterone as a mediator of cardiovascular damage. Hypertension. 2022, 79:1899-911. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.17964","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02194.x","article-title":"Aldosterone affects blood flow and vascular tone regulated by endothelium-derived NO: therapeutic implications","volume":"168","author":"Toda N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toda N, Nakanishi S, Tanabe S. Aldosterone affects blood flow and vascular tone regulated by endothelium-derived NO: therapeutic implications. Br J Pharmacol. 2013, 168:519-33. 10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02194.x","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12342","article-title":"Aldosterone induces vascular damage","volume":"74","author":"Hung CS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hung CS, Sung SH, Liao CW, et al.. Aldosterone induces vascular damage. Hypertension. 2019, 74:623-9. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12342","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214414","article-title":"The heart as a target of vasopressin and other cardiovascular peptides in health and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"23","author":"Szczepanska-Sadowska E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szczepanska-Sadowska E. The heart as a target of vasopressin and other cardiovascular peptides in health and cardiovascular diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:14414. 10.3390\/ijms232214414","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160960","article-title":"Salt and aldosterone: a concert of bad effects","volume":"56","author":"Acelajado MC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Acelajado MC, Pimenta E, Calhoun DA. Salt and aldosterone: a concert of bad effects. Hypertension. 2010, 56:804-5. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160960","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00622.2006","article-title":"Aldosterone impairs baroreflex sensitivity in healthy adults","volume":"292","author":"Monahan KD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monahan KD, Leuenberger UA, Ray CA. Aldosterone impairs baroreflex sensitivity in healthy adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007, 292:H190-7. 10.1152\/ajpheart.00622.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408146101","article-title":"The kidney-specific WNK1 isoform is induced by aldosterone and stimulates epithelial sodium channel-mediated Na+ transport","volume":"101","author":"N\u00e1ray-Fejes-T\u00f3th A","year":"2004","unstructured":"N\u00e1ray-Fejes-T\u00f3th A, Snyder PM, Fejes-T\u00f3th G. The kidney-specific WNK1 isoform is induced by aldosterone and stimulates epithelial sodium channel-mediated Na+ transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004, 101:17434-9. 10.1073\/pnas.0408146101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35411","article-title":"Postprandial hypotension: an underreported silent killer in the aged","volume":"15","author":"Awosika A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Awosika A, Adabanya U, Millis RM, Omole AE, Moon JH. Postprandial hypotension: an underreported silent killer in the aged. Cureus. 2023, 15:e35411. 10.7759\/cureus.35411","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6538.27","article-title":"Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure?","volume":"293","author":"Grobbee DE","year":"1986","unstructured":"Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure?. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986, 293:27-9. 10.1136\/bmj.293.6538.27","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6644.319","article-title":"Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group","volume":"297","year":"1988","unstructured":"Intersalt. an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ. 1988, 297:319-28. 10.1136\/bmj.297.6644.319","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001605","article-title":"Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study","volume":"17","author":"Zhou BF","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhou BF, Stamler J, Dennis B, et al.. Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study. J Hum Hypertens. 2003, 17:623-30. 10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001605","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1397","article-title":"Blood pressure and urinary sodium in men and women: the Norfolk Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk)","volume":"80","author":"Khaw KT","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, O'Brien E, Wareham N, Day N. Blood pressure and urinary sodium in men and women: the Norfolk Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 80:1397-403. 10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1397","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004549","article-title":"Salt reduction in England from 2003 to 2011: its relationship to blood pressure, stroke and ischaemic heart disease mortality","volume":"4","author":"He FJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"He FJ, Pombo-Rodrigues S, Macgregor GA. Salt reduction in England from 2003 to 2011: its relationship to blood pressure, stroke and ischaemic heart disease mortality. BMJ Open. 2014, 4:e004549. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004549","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2006.07.001","article-title":"Sodium intake and hypertension","volume":"49","author":"Karppanen H","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karppanen H, Mervaala E. Sodium intake and hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2006, 49:59-75. 10.1016\/j.pcad.2006.07.001","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6780.819","article-title":"By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? III--analysis of data from trials of salt reduction","volume":"302","author":"Law MR","year":"1991","unstructured":"Law MR, Frost CD, Wald NJ. By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? III--analysis of data from trials of salt reduction. BMJ. 1991, 302:819-24. 10.1136\/bmj.302.6780.819","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001575","article-title":"Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials","volume":"17","author":"Geleijnse JM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE. Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials. J Hum Hypertens. 2003, 17:471-80. 10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001575","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530440070039","article-title":"Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"275","author":"Midgley JP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Midgley JP, Matthew AG, Greenwood CM, et al.. Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 1996, 275:1590-7. 10.1001\/jama.1996.03530440070039","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.17.1383","article-title":"Effects of sodium restriction on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride: a meta-analysis","volume":"279","author":"Graudal NA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Graudal NA, Gall\u00f8e AM, Garred P. Effects of sodium restriction on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 1998, 279:1383-91. 10.1001\/jama.279.17.1383","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1326","article-title":"Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"346","author":"Aburto NJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aburto NJ, Ziolkovska A, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP, Meerpohl JJ. Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2013, 346:f1326. 10.1136\/bmj.f1326","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"World Health Organization. Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2012","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guideline. Sodium Intake for Adults and Children. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 2012. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241504836."},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK; 2010. https.\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ph25\/resources\/cardiovasculardisease-prevention-pdf-1996238687173."},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 - 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015 - 2020, Eighth Edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.; 2015. https.\/\/health.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-09\/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5049\/EBP.2015.13.1.7","article-title":"Salt sensitivity and hypertension: a paradigm shift from kidney malfunction to vascular endothelial dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Choi HY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi HY, Park HC, Ha SK. Salt sensitivity and hypertension: a paradigm shift from kidney malfunction to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2015, 13:7-16. 10.5049\/EBP.2015.13.1.7","journal-title":"Electrolyte Blood Press"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13546","article-title":"The science of salt: updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake","volume":"21","author":"Thout SR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thout SR, Santos JA, McKenzie B, et al.. The science of salt: updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019, 21:710-21. 10.1111\/jch.13546","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.12.006","article-title":"Reducing population salt intake worldwide: from evidence to implementation","volume":"52","author":"He FJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"He FJ, MacGregor GA. Reducing population salt intake worldwide: from evidence to implementation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010, 52:363-82. 10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.12.006","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","article-title":"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-sodium collaborative research group","volume":"344","author":"Sacks FM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, et al.. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-sodium collaborative research group. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344:3-10. 10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.011","article-title":"Effects of sodium reduction and the\u00a0DASH\u00a0diet in relation to baseline\u00a0blood pressure","volume":"70","author":"Juraschek SP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Juraschek SP, Miller ER 3rd, Weaver CM, Appel LJ. Effects of sodium reduction and the\u00a0DASH\u00a0diet in relation to baseline\u00a0blood pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017, 70:2841-8. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.11.839","article-title":"Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE). TONE Collaborative Research Group","volume":"279","author":"Whelton PK","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Espeland MA, et al.. Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE). TONE Collaborative Research Group. JAMA. 1998, 279:839-46. 10.1001\/jama.279.11.839","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6571.531","article-title":"Moderate sodium restriction with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in essential hypertension: a double blind study","volume":"294","author":"MacGregor GA","year":"1987","unstructured":"MacGregor GA, Markandu ND, Singer DR, Cappuccio FP, Shore AC, Sagnella GA. Moderate sodium restriction with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in essential hypertension: a double blind study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987, 294:531-4. 10.1136\/bmj.294.6571.531","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001459","article-title":"Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Implications for public health","volume":"16","author":"He FJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Implications for public health. J Hum Hypertens. 2002, 16:761-70. 10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001459","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115515","article-title":"Low Na, high K diet and the role of aldosterone in BK-mediated K excretion","volume":"10","author":"Cornelius RJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cornelius RJ, Wen D, Li H, Yuan Y, Wang-France J, Warner PC, Sansom SC. Low Na, high K diet and the role of aldosterone in BK-mediated K excretion. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0115515. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0115515","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004022.pub2","article-title":"Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride","author":"J\u00fcrgens G","year":"2004","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgens G, Graudal NA. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, CD004022. 10.1002\/14651858.CD004022.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw028","article-title":"Salt-sensitive hypertension: mechanisms and effects of dietary and other lifestyle factors","volume":"74","author":"Pilic L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pilic L, Pedlar CR, Mavrommatis Y. Salt-sensitive hypertension: mechanisms and effects of dietary and other lifestyle factors. Nutr Rev. 2016, 74:645-58. 10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw028","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31483","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation and cardiopulmonary fitness in children and young adults with congenital heart diseases: a critically appraised topic","volume":"14","author":"Awosika A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Awosika A, Hillman AR, Millis RM, Adeniyi MJ. Cardiac rehabilitation and cardiopulmonary fitness in children and young adults with congenital heart diseases: a critically appraised topic. Cureus. 2022, 14:e31483. 10.7759\/cureus.31483","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318235eb4d","article-title":"AHA\/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation","volume":"124","author":"Smith SC Jr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith SC Jr, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, et al.. AHA\/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2011, 124:2458-73. 10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318235eb4d","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/142323-aldosterone-synthase-inhibitors-and-dietary-interventions-a-combined-novel-approach-for-prevention-and-treatment-of-cardiovascular-disease","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:55:13Z","timestamp":1707508513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/142323-aldosterone-synthase-inhibitors-and-dietary-interventions-a-combined-novel-approach-for-prevention-and-treatment-of-cardiovascular-disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.36184","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]}}}