{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:00:51Z","timestamp":1791255651589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T13:21:21Z","timestamp":1680787281000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effect of Timing of Debridement and Surgical Intervention in Open Fractures on the Rate of Infection and Surgical Outcomes: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Setup"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Arpit","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Military medicine: from ancient times to the 21st century","author":"McCallum JE","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCallum JE. Military medicine: from ancient times to the 21st century. Abc-Clio (ed): ABC-CLIO, 2008."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)76338-0","article-title":"\"Closed\" treatment of war fractures. The","volume":"233","author":"Trueta J","year":"1939","unstructured":"Trueta J. \"Closed\" treatment of war fractures. The. Lancet. 1939, 233:1452-5. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)76338-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Common organisms and their sensitivity, in open fractures of the extremities","volume":"28","author":"Naeemullah SH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naeemullah SH, Khan AH, Gul H, Baz KA. Common organisms and their sensitivity, in open fractures of the extremities. Pak J Surg. 2012, 28:186-92.","journal-title":"Pak J Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.C.01561","article-title":"The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children","volume":"87","author":"Skaggs DL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Skaggs DL, Friend L, Alman B, et al.. The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005, 87:8-12. 10.2106\/JBJS.C.01561","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Die aseptische Versorgung frischer Wunden: unter Mittheilung von Thier-Versuchen \u00fcber die Auskeimungszeit von Infectionserregern in frischen Wunden (Book in German)","author":"Friedrich PL","year":"1898","unstructured":"Friedrich PL. Die aseptische Versorgung frischer Wunden: unter Mittheilung von Thier-Versuchen \u00fcber die Auskeimungszeit von Infectionserregern in frischen Wunden (Book in German). Springer, 1898."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6109(05)70572-7","article-title":"Wound infection: a failure of wound healing caused by an imbalance of bacteria","volume":"1","author":"Robson MC","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robson MC. Wound infection: a failure of wound healing caused by an imbalance of bacteria. Surg Clin North Am. 1997, 1:637-50. 10.1016\/s0039-6109(05)70572-7","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199507000-00015","article-title":"A review of open tibia fractures in children","volume":"15","author":"Kreder HJ","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kreder HJ, Armstrong P. A review of open tibia fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995, 15:482-8. 10.1097\/01241398-199507000-00015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Effect of delayed treatment on open tibial shaft fractures","volume":"36","author":"Reuss BL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reuss BL, Cole JD. Effect of delayed treatment on open tibial shaft fractures. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2007, 36:215-20.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001408010178","article-title":"Controversies in the management of open fractures","volume":"8","author":"O'Brien CL","year":"2014","unstructured":"O'Brien CL, Menon M, Jomha NM. Controversies in the management of open fractures. Open Orthop J. 2014, 8:178-84. 10.2174\/1874325001408010178","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb","author":"Nanchahal J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nanchahal J. Standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb. Royal Society of Medicine Press Limited. Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, London, UK; 2009."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00984","article-title":"The relationship between time to surgical debridement and incidence of infection after open high-energy lower extremity trauma","volume":"92","author":"Pollak AN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pollak AN, Jones AL, Castillo RC, Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ. The relationship between time to surgical debridement and incidence of infection after open high-energy lower extremity trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010, 92:7-15. 10.2106\/JBJS.H.00984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588404322827491","article-title":"The effect of time delay on infection in open long-bone fractures: a 5-year prospective audit from a district general hospital","volume":"86","author":"Spencer J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spencer J, Smith A, Woods D. The effect of time delay on infection in open long-bone fractures: a 5-year prospective audit from a district general hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004, 86:108-12. 10.1308\/003588404322827491","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00236-5","article-title":"Delayed presentation is no barrier to satisfactory outcome in the management of open tibial fractures","volume":"35","author":"Ashford RU","year":"20041","unstructured":"Ashford RU, Mehta JA, Cripps R. Delayed presentation is no barrier to satisfactory outcome in the management of open tibial fractures. Injury. 20041, 35:411-6. 10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00236-5","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.10.007","article-title":"Early versus delayed surgical treatment of open tibial fractures: effect on the rates of infection and need of secondary surgical procedures to promote bone union","volume":"36","author":"Charalambous CP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Charalambous CP, Siddique I, Zenios M, Roberts S, Samarji R, Paul A, Hirst P. Early versus delayed surgical treatment of open tibial fractures: effect on the rates of infection and need of secondary surgical procedures to promote bone union. Injury. 2005, 36:656-61. 10.1016\/j.injury.2004.10.007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.33683","article-title":"Internal fixation in compound type III fractures presenting after golden period","volume":"41","author":"Azam Q","year":"2007","unstructured":"Azam Q, Sherwani M, Abbas M, Gupta R, Asif N, Sabir A. Internal fixation in compound type III fractures presenting after golden period. Indian J Orthop. 2007, 41:204-8. 10.4103\/0019-5413.33683","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/943495","article-title":"Infection rates in open fractures of the tibia: is the 6-hour rule fact or fiction?","volume":"2011","author":"Kamat AS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kamat AS. Infection rates in open fractures of the tibia: is the 6-hour rule fact or fiction?. Adv Orthop. 2011, 2011:943495. 10.4061\/2011\/943495","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo RB","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976, 58:453-8.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00009","article-title":"Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures","volume":"24","author":"Gustilo RB","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984, 24:742-6. 10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200107000-00001","article-title":"Wound irrigation in musculoskeletal injury","volume":"9","author":"Anglen JO","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anglen JO. Wound irrigation in musculoskeletal injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001, 9:219-26. 10.5435\/00124635-200107000-00001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb","author":"British Orthopaedic Association and British Association of Plastic Surgeons","year":"2009","unstructured":"British Orthopaedic Association and British Association of Plastic Surgeons. Standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb. 2009."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00582","article-title":"Does timing to operative debridement affect infectious complications in open long-bone fractures? A systematic review","volume":"94","author":"Schenker ML","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schenker ML, Yannascoli S, Baldwin KD, Ahn J, Mehta S. Does timing to operative debridement affect infectious complications in open long-bone fractures? A systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012, 94:1057-64. 10.2106\/JBJS.K.00582","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-012-0130-y","article-title":"The relationship between time to surgical debridement and incidence of infection in grade III open fractures","volume":"7","author":"Singh J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh J, Rambani R, Hashim Z, Raman R, Sharma HK. The relationship between time to surgical debridement and incidence of infection in grade III open fractures. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2012, 7:33-7. 10.1007\/s11751-012-0130-y","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000197","article-title":"Time to initial operative treatment following open fracture does not impact development of deep infection: a prospective cohort study of 736 subjects","volume":"28","author":"Weber D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weber D, Dulai SK, Bergman J, Buckley R, Beaupre LA. Time to initial operative treatment following open fracture does not impact development of deep infection: a prospective cohort study of 736 subjects. J Orthop Trauma. 2014, 28:613-9. 10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000197","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Risk factors associated with infection in tibial open fractures","volume":"70","author":"Almeida Matos M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almeida Matos M, Castro-Filho RN, Pinto da Silva BV. Risk factors associated with infection in tibial open fractures. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 2013, 70:14-8.","journal-title":"Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Management of open fractures of shaft of tibia in adults using interlocking intramedullary nailing","volume":"3","author":"Ashwin Shetty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ashwin Shetty, Hr.Rai. Management of open fractures of shaft of tibia in adults using interlocking intramedullary nailing. Int J Biol Med Res. 2012, 3:17681770.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Med Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.82b7.10482","article-title":"Fix and flap: the radical orthopaedic and plastic treatment of severe open fractures of the tibia","volume":"82","author":"Gopal S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gopal S, Majumder S, Batchelor AG, Knight SL, De Boer P, Smith RM. Fix and flap: the radical orthopaedic and plastic treatment of severe open fractures of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000, 82:959-66. 10.1302\/0301-620x.82b7.10482","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173090-00005","article-title":"The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with extensive soft-tissue injury","volume":"73","author":"Fischer MD","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fischer MD, Gustilo RB, Varecka TF. The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with extensive soft-tissue injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991, 73:1316-22.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/125988-the-effect-of-timing-of-debridement-and-surgical-intervention-in-open-fractures-on-the-rate-of-infection-and-surgical-outcomes-a-prospective-study-in-a-tertiary-care-setup","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:57:54Z","timestamp":1707508674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/125988-the-effect-of-timing-of-debridement-and-surgical-intervention-in-open-fractures-on-the-rate-of-infection-and-surgical-outcomes-a-prospective-study-in-a-tertiary-care-setup"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.37204","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}