{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:07:56Z","timestamp":1762254476450,"version":"3.27.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]],"date-time":"2023-04-16T13:00:57Z","timestamp":1681650057000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Hypothyroidism on the Quality of Life of Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"May I","family":"AlAwaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rana H","family":"Alhamwy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29947","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life among patients with primary hypothyroidism: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Ghamri R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghamri R, Babaker R, Ezzat S, et al.. Assessment of quality of life among patients with primary hypothyroidism: a case-control study. Cureus. 2022, 14:e29947. 10.7759\/cureus.29947","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_702_17","article-title":"Impairment of health-related quality of life among Indian patients with hypothyroidism","volume":"22","author":"Shivaprasad C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shivaprasad C, Rakesh B, Anish K, Annie P, Amit G, Dwarakanath CS. Impairment of health-related quality of life among Indian patients with hypothyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018, 22:335-8.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00625-8","article-title":"Primary hypothyroidism and quality of life","volume":"18","author":"Heged\u00fcs L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heged\u00fcs L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, Pearce SH, Weetman AP, Perros P. Primary hypothyroidism and quality of life. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022, 18:230-42. 10.1038\/s41574-021-00625-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Hypothyroidism: an update","volume":"86","author":"Gaitonde DY","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaitonde DY, Rowley KD, Sweeney LB. Hypothyroidism: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2012, 86:244-51.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.005","article-title":"Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"96","author":"Almandoz JP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Almandoz JP, Gharib H. Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Med Clin North Am. 2012, 96:203-21. 10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.005","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451724","article-title":"Spectrum of quality of life impairment in hypothyroidism","volume":"3","author":"Jaeschke R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Cook D, Harper S, Gerstein HC. Spectrum of quality of life impairment in hypothyroidism. Qual Life Res. 1994, 3:323-7. 10.1007\/BF00451724","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00232.x","article-title":"Evaluation of new measures of the impact of hypothyroidism on quality of life and symptoms: the ThyDQoL and ThySRQ","volume":"11","author":"McMillan C","year":"2008","unstructured":"McMillan C, Bradley C, Razvi S, Weaver J. Evaluation of new measures of the impact of hypothyroidism on quality of life and symptoms: the ThyDQoL and ThySRQ. Value Health. 2008, 11:285-94. 10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00232.x","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30703-1","article-title":"Hypothyroidism","volume":"390","author":"Chaker L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, Peeters RP. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2017, 390:1550-62. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30703-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Taylor PN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, Gutierrez-Buey G, Lazarus JH, Dayan CM, Okosieme OE. Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018, 14:301-16. 10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01382-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries","volume":"37","author":"Alzahrani AS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alzahrani AS, Al Mourad M, Hafez K, et al.. Diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Adv Ther. 2020, 37:3097-111. 10.1007\/s12325-020-01382-2","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs22167839","article-title":"Quality of life in outpatient primary hypothyroidism in Riyadh","volume":"16","author":"Alrudian N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alrudian N, Parameaswari P, Alqahtani R, et al.. Quality of life in outpatient primary hypothyroidism in Riyadh. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022, 16:839-42.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2017.1422672","article-title":"Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in adults visiting primary health-care setting in Riyadh","volume":"8","author":"Al Eidan E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al Eidan E, Ur Rahman S, Al Qahtani S, Al Farhan AI, Abdulmajeed I. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in adults visiting primary health-care setting in Riyadh. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2018, 8:11-5. 10.1080\/20009666.2017.1422672","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in Saudi Arabia; prevalence, risk factors, and its relation with diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Alqahtiani NM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alqahtiani NM, Alramadhan ZT, bin Obaid MR, et al.. Hypothyroidism in Saudi Arabia; prevalence, risk factors, and its relation with diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Pract. 2020, 11:56-63.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Pract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1165.1000368","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical thyroid disorders in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Fureeh AA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fureeh AA, Al-Ghamdi AH, Alhuussaini JT, et al.. Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical thyroid disorders in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Epidemiology. 2019, 9:2161-5. 10.4172\/2161-1165.1000368","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00112-k","article-title":"The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization","volume":"41","year":"1995","unstructured":"The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL). position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995, 41:1403-9. 10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00112-k","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0395","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI","volume":"173","author":"Kelderman-Bolk N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelderman-Bolk N, Visser TJ, Tijssen JP, Berghout A. Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015, 173:507-15. 10.1530\/EJE-15-0395","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156925","article-title":"Disease-specific as well as generic quality of life is widely impacted in autoimmune hypothyroidism and improves during the first six months of levothyroxine therapy","volume":"11","author":"Winther KH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winther KH, Cramon P, Watt T, et al.. Disease-specific as well as generic quality of life is widely impacted in autoimmune hypothyroidism and improves during the first six months of levothyroxine therapy. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0156925. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0156925","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2006.02.001","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism increases the risk for depression in the elderly","volume":"44","author":"Chueire VB","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chueire VB, Romaldini JH, Ward LS. Subclinical hypothyroidism increases the risk for depression in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007, 44:21-8. 10.1016\/j.archger.2006.02.001","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Hypothyroidism: investigation and management","volume":"41","author":"So M","year":"2012","unstructured":"So M, MacIsaac RJ, Grossmann M. Hypothyroidism: investigation and management. Aust Fam Physician. 2012, 41:556-62.","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text","author":"Braverman LE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Braverman LE, Cooper D. Werner &amp; Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2012."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Ministry Of Health Saudi Arabia. Healthcare Transformation Strategy. (2019). Accessed: March 1, 2023: https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/Ministry\/vro\/Pages\/Health-Transformation-Strategy.aspx."},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"The domain of family practice: scope, role, and function","volume":"33","author":"Phillips WR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Phillips WR, Haynes DG. The domain of family practice: scope, role, and function. Fam Med. 2001, 33:273-7.","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Biostatistics: a Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences","author":"Daniel WW","year":"1999","unstructured":"Daniel WW, Cross CL. Biostatistics: a Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, NY; 1999."},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Sample size calculation in medical studies","volume":"6","author":"Pourhoseingholi MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi MA, Vahedi M, Rahimzadeh M. Sample size calculation in medical studies. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2013, 6:14-7.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"WHO. WHOQOL. Measuring Quality of Life, Arabic_WHOQOL-BREF. (2020). Accessed: March 1, 2023: https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/whoqol\/whoqol-bref\/docs\/default-source\/publishing-policies\/whoqol-bref\/arabic-whoqol-bref."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711299159817","article-title":"Designing response scales for cross-cultural use in health care: data from the development of the UK WHOQOL","volume":"72","author":"Skevington SM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skevington SM, Tucker C. Designing response scales for cross-cultural use in health care: data from the development of the UK WHOQOL. Br J Med Psychol. 1999, 72:51-61. 10.1348\/000711299159817","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"article-title":"Underactive Thyroid: Deciding Whether Or Not to Treat Subclinical Hypothyroidism","year":"2017","key":"ref27","unstructured":"Underactive Thyroid. Deciding Whether Or Not to Treat Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, Cologne, Germany; 2017."},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Treatment of hypothyroidism","volume":"64","author":"Hueston WJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hueston WJ. Treatment of hypothyroidism. Am Fam Physician. 2001, 64:1717-24.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5577217","article-title":"Predictors of improvement in quality of life when treating hypothyroidism","volume":"2021","author":"Medici BB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Medici BB, Lerche la Cour J, Knop FK, et al.. Predictors of improvement in quality of life when treating hypothyroidism. J Thyroid Res. 2021, 2021:5577217. 10.1155\/2021\/5577217","journal-title":"J Thyroid Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13770","article-title":"Association of thyroid hormone therapy with quality of life and thyroid-related symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"320","author":"Feller M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feller M, Snel M, Moutzouri E, et al.. Association of thyroid hormone therapy with quality of life and thyroid-related symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018, 320:1349-59. 10.1001\/jama.2018.13770","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/whr.2021.0010","article-title":"Improving the quality of life of patients with an underactive thyroid through mHealth: a patient-centered approach","volume":"2","author":"H\u00f6gqvist Tabor V","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00f6gqvist Tabor V, H\u00f6gqvist Tabor M, Keestra S, Parrot JE, Alvergne A. Improving the quality of life of patients with an underactive thyroid through mHealth: a patient-centered approach. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2021, 2:182-94. 10.1089\/whr.2021.0010","journal-title":"Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Roberts N. British Thyroid Foundation Newsletter: psychological problems in thyroid disease. (1996). Accessed: March 14, 2023: https:\/\/www.btf-thyroid.org\/."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01654.x","article-title":"Psychological well-being in patients on 'adequate' doses of l-thyroxine: results of a large, controlled community-based questionnaire study","volume":"57","author":"Saravanan P","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saravanan P, Chau WF, Roberts N, Vedhara K, Greenwood R, Dayan CM. Psychological well-being in patients on 'adequate' doses of l-thyroxine: results of a large, controlled community-based questionnaire study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002, 57:577-85. 10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01654.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-833","article-title":"Quality of life among people living with hypertension in a rural Vietnam community","volume":"14","author":"Ha NT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ha NT, Duy HT, Le NH, Khanal V, Moorin R. Quality of life among people living with hypertension in a rural Vietnam community. BMC Public Health. 2014, 14:833. 10.1186\/1471-2458-14-833","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"A comparison between the quality of life and mental health of patients with hypothyroidism and normal people referred to Motahari Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","volume":"5","author":"Rakhshan M PhD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rakhshan M PhD, Ghanbari A BS, Rahimi A MS, Mostafavi I BS. A comparison between the quality of life and mental health of patients with hypothyroidism and normal people referred to Motahari Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017, 5:30-7.","journal-title":"Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_702_17","article-title":"Impairment of health-related quality of life among Indian patients with hypothyroidism","volume":"22","author":"Shivaprasad C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shivaprasad C, Rakesh B, Anish K, Annie P, Amit G, Dwarakanath CS. Impairment of health-related quality of life among Indian patients with hypothyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018, 22:335-8. 10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_702_17","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13129\/2282-1619\/mjcp-3072","article-title":"Interrelations between mental health, generic and thyroid-related quality of life in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis receiving levothyroxine replacement","volume":"9","author":"Martino G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martino G, Caputo A, Vicario CM, et al.. Interrelations between mental health, generic and thyroid-related quality of life in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis receiving levothyroxine replacement. Mediterr J Clin Psychol. 2021, 9:9. 10.13129\/2282-1619\/mjcp-3072","journal-title":"Mediterr J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1095-z","article-title":"Quality of life among home healthcare patients in Saudi Arabia: household-based survey","volume":"17","author":"Al-Surimi K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Surimi K, Al-Harbi I, El-Metwally A, Badri M. Quality of life among home healthcare patients in Saudi Arabia: household-based survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019, 17:21. 10.1186\/s12955-019-1095-z","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.183476","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroidism","volume":"20","author":"Bathla M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bathla M, Singh M, Relan P. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016, 20:468-74. 10.4103\/2230-8210.183476","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.19.0054","article-title":"Association of thyroid status with health-related quality of life in Korean older adults","volume":"41","author":"Han M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han M, Choi S, Kim S, Ko A, Son JS, Park SM. Association of thyroid status with health-related quality of life in Korean older adults. Korean J Fam Med. 2020, 41:38-44. 10.4082\/kjfm.19.0054","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/148847-the-impact-of-hypothyroidism-on-the-quality-of-life-of-adults-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:28:21Z","timestamp":1729247301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/148847-the-impact-of-hypothyroidism-on-the-quality-of-life-of-adults-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.37636","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-8184"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]}}}