{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:52:10Z","timestamp":1762300330901},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T02:19:46Z","timestamp":1681870786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changing Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bloodstream Infection (BSI) in Secondary Care Hospitals of India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Karuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apurva","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananyan","family":"Sampath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sourabh","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shree Prakash","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apoorwa","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manisa","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreshtha","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anisa","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Nagendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Gautham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Asati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Khadanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. (2017). Accessed. 8 March 2023: https:\/\/www.ncdc.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/linkimages\/AMR\/File645.pdf."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/samj.9644","article-title":"The World Health Organization Global Action Plan for antimicrobial resistance","volume":"105","author":"Mendelson M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mendelson M, Matsoso MP. The World Health Organization Global Action Plan for antimicrobial resistance. S Afr Med J. 2015, 105:325. 10.7196\/samj.9644","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Antimicrobial Resistance Report of the Indian Council of Medical Research for the year 2021. (2021). Accessed. 08 March 2023: https:\/\/main.icmr.nic.in\/sites\/default\/files\/upload_documents\/AMR_Annual_Report_2021.pdf."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.08.002","article-title":"Trends in antibiotic resistance among major bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures tested at a large private laboratory network in India, 2008-2014","volume":"50","author":"Gandra S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gandra S, Mojica N, Klein EY, et al.. Trends in antibiotic resistance among major bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures tested at a large private laboratory network in India, 2008-2014. Int J Infect Dis. 2016, 50:75-82. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.08.002","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23916","article-title":"Increasing trend of vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital of South India: a three-year prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Sivaradjy M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sivaradjy M, Gunalan A, Priyadarshi K, Madigubba H, Rajshekar D, Sastry AS. Increasing trend of vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital of South India: a three-year prospective study. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021, 25:881-5. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23916","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.05.003","article-title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern comparisons among bloodstream infection isolates from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2002)","volume":"50","author":"Biedenbach DJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Biedenbach DJ, Moet GJ, Jones RN. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern comparisons among bloodstream infection isolates from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2002). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004, 50:59-69. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.05.003","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.36.2101067","article-title":"Early deaths associated with community-acquired and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: a population-based study, Finland, 2004 to 2018","volume":"27","author":"Kontula KS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kontula KS, Skogberg K, Ollgren J, J\u00e4rvinen A, Lyytik\u00e4inen O. Early deaths associated with community-acquired and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: a population-based study, Finland, 2004 to 2018. Euro Surveill. 2022, 27:10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.36.2101067","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-022-02926-w","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections caused by Enterococcus spp. within internal medicine wards: a two-year single-centre experience","volume":"17","author":"Lupia T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lupia T, Roberto G, Scaglione L, et al.. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections caused by Enterococcus spp. within internal medicine wards: a two-year single-centre experience. Intern Emerg Med. 2022, 17:1129-37. 10.1007\/s11739-022-02926-w","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1159366","article-title":"Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections","volume":"7","author":"Akova M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akova M. Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections. Virulence. 2016, 7:252-66. 10.1080\/21505594.2016.1159366","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233704","article-title":"Pathogenic spectrum of blood stream infections and resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria from Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Bandy A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandy A, Almaeen AH. Pathogenic spectrum of blood stream infections and resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria from Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One. 2020, 15:e0233704. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0233704","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(99)00131-4","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infections in the USA, Canada and Latin America. SENTRY Participants Group","volume":"13","author":"Diekema DJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, Kugler KC, Beach ML, Sader HS. Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infections in the USA, Canada and Latin America. SENTRY Participants Group. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000, 13:257-71. 10.1016\/s0924-8579(99)00131-4","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30394-8","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infection isolates at a large urban hospital in Malawi (1998-2016): a surveillance study","volume":"17","author":"Musicha P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Musicha P, Cornick JE, Bar-Zeev N, et al.. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infection isolates at a large urban hospital in Malawi (1998-2016): a surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017, 17:1042-52. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30394-8","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz074","article-title":"Geographical and temporal variation in the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia: results from 20 years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2016)","volume":"74","author":"Sader HS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sader HS, Castanheira M, Arends SJ, Goossens H, Flamm RK. Geographical and temporal variation in the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia: results from 20 years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2016). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019, 74:1595-606. 10.1093\/jac\/dkz074","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"India's Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance &amp; Research Initiative. (2023). Accessed. 8 March 2023: https:\/\/iamrsn.icmr.org.in\/index.php\/amrsn\/amrsn."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.164228","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) practices in India","volume":"142","author":"Walia K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walia K, Ohri VC, Mathai D. Antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) practices in India. Indian J Med Res. 2015, 142:130-8. 10.4103\/0971-5916.164228","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1152440","article-title":"Bloodstream infections: the peak of the iceberg","volume":"7","author":"Viscoli C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Viscoli C. Bloodstream infections: the peak of the iceberg. Virulence. 2016, 7:248-51. 10.1080\/21505594.2016.1152440","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166527","article-title":"14-year survey in a Swedish county reveals a pronounced increase in bloodstream infections (BSI). Comorbidity - an independent risk factor for both BSI and mortality","volume":"11","author":"Holmbom M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holmbom M, Giske CG, Fredrikson M, et al.. 14-year survey in a Swedish county reveals a pronounced increase in bloodstream infections (BSI). Comorbidity - an independent risk factor for both BSI and mortality. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0166527. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0166527","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712814","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among pathogens isolated from blood: a 6-year retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital in East Sikkim, India","volume":"12","author":"Yangzom T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yangzom T, Tsering DC, Kar S, Kapil J. Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among pathogens isolated from blood: a 6-year retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital in East Sikkim, India. J Lab Physicians. 2020, 12:3-9. 10.1055\/s-0040-1712814","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_50_18","article-title":"Bloodstream infections and trends of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns at Port Blair","volume":"10","author":"Banik A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banik A, Bhat SH, Kumar A, Palit A, Snehaa K. Bloodstream infections and trends of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns at Port Blair. J Lab Physicians. 2018, 10:332-7. 10.4103\/JLP.JLP_50_18","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Antibiotic sensitivity profile of the bacterial isolates from the blood samples of the patients in different wards of a major referral hospital, Shiraz, Iran 2015-2016","volume":"10","author":"Nobandegani AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nobandegani AS, Motamedifar M. Antibiotic sensitivity profile of the bacterial isolates from the blood samples of the patients in different wards of a major referral hospital, Shiraz, Iran 2015-2016. Pharmacophore. 2019, 10:30-6.","journal-title":"Pharmacophore"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11000","article-title":"Etiological profile and antimicrobial patterns in blood culture specimens in a tertiary care setting","volume":"12","author":"Ejaz A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ejaz A, Khawaja A, Arshad F, Tauseef A, Ullah R, Ahmad I. Etiological profile and antimicrobial patterns in blood culture specimens in a tertiary care setting. Cureus. 2020, 12:e11000. 10.7759\/cureus.11000","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/MTSM.MTSM_4_19","article-title":"Antibiogram of blood culture isolates of patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Mia A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mia A, Zerin T. Antibiogram of blood culture isolates of patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Matrix Sci Medica. 2020, 4:1-5. 10.4103\/MTSM.MTSM_4_19","journal-title":"Matrix Sci Medica"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S299520","article-title":"Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bloodstream infection at Kigali University Teaching Hospital","volume":"14","author":"Habyarimana T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habyarimana T, Murenzi D, Musoni E, Yadufashije C, N Niyonzima F. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bloodstream infection at Kigali University Teaching Hospital. Infect Drug Resist. 2021, 14:699-707. 10.2147\/IDR.S299520","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0162-z","article-title":"Bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2005-2014","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed D, Nahid MA, Sami AB, et al.. Bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2005-2014. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017, 6:2. 10.1186\/s13756-016-0162-z","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20184905","article-title":"Study of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood culture isolates from a tertiary care hospital of North India","volume":"6","author":"Nazir A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nazir A, Sana I, Peerzada BY, Farooq T. Study of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood culture isolates from a tertiary care hospital of North India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018, 6:4046-52. 10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20184905","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2019.807.143","article-title":"Study of microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of blood stream infections in tertiary care hospital","volume":"8","author":"Vidyasagar K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vidyasagar K, Venkatesha D. Study of microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of blood stream infections in tertiary care hospital. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2019, 8:1201-11. 10.20546\/ijcmas.2019.807.143","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.852-856.2002","article-title":"Trends in antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from pediatric and adult patients with bloodstream infections: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997 to 2000","volume":"40","author":"Pfaller MA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, Messer SA, Hollis RJ. Trends in antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from pediatric and adult patients with bloodstream infections: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997 to 2000. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40:852-6. 10.1128\/JCM.40.3.852-856.2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.04.006","article-title":"Relative frequency of albicans and the various non-albicans Candida spp among candidemia isolates from inpatients in various parts of the world: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Falagas ME","year":"2010","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Roussos N, Vardakas KZ. Relative frequency of albicans and the various non-albicans Candida spp among candidemia isolates from inpatients in various parts of the world: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis. 2010, 14:e954-66. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.04.006","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2019.06.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in South Korea: A report from the Korean global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (Kor-GLASS) for 2017","volume":"25","author":"Liu C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu C, Yoon EJ, Kim D, et al.. Antimicrobial resistance in South Korea: A report from the Korean global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (Kor-GLASS) for 2017. J Infect Chemother. 2019, 25:845-59. 10.1016\/j.jiac.2019.06.010","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1075185","article-title":"A multicenter investigation of 2,773 cases of bloodstream infections based on China antimicrobial surveillance network (CHINET)","volume":"12","author":"Hu F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu F, Yuan L, Yang Y, et al.. A multicenter investigation of 2,773 cases of bloodstream infections based on China antimicrobial surveillance network (CHINET). Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022, 12:1075185. 10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1075185","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4265-z","article-title":"Bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features","volume":"19","author":"Leal HF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leal HF, Azevedo J, Silva GE, et al.. Bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features. BMC Infect Dis. 2019, 19:609. 10.1186\/s12879-019-4265-z","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/144960-changing-trends-in-antimicrobial-susceptibility-patterns-of-bloodstream-infection-bsi-in-secondary-care-hospitals-of-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:59:44Z","timestamp":1707508784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/144960-changing-trends-in-antimicrobial-susceptibility-patterns-of-bloodstream-infection-bsi-in-secondary-care-hospitals-of-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.37800","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]}}}