{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:51:21Z","timestamp":1784641881654,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T10:16:43Z","timestamp":1684923403000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessing Iron Status in Chronic Heart Failure Patients by Using Serum Ferritin and Transferrin Saturation Levels: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Uchenna M","family":"Amaechi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry O","family":"Aiwuyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwudum","family":"Ewelukwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nosakhare","family":"Ilerhunmwuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John O","family":"Osarenkhoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony G","family":"Kweki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okoke Eseoghene","family":"Onuwaje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amam","family":"Mbakwem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kehinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Micronutrient facts. (2016). Accessed. July 19, 2016: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nutrition\/micronutrient-malnutrition\/micronutrients\/index.html."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0051-1","article-title":"Mammalian iron transport","volume":"66","author":"Anderson GJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD. Mammalian iron transport. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009, 66:3241-61. 10.1007\/s00018-009-0051-1","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Disorders of Iron Metabolism","author":"Fairbanks VF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fairbanks VF, Beutler E. Disorders of Iron Metabolism. Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Beutler E, Kipps TJ, Seligsohn U, Prchaln TJ (ed): McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, New York, NY; 2010."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al.. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016, 37:2129-200. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025270","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Mosterd A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart. 2007, 93:1137-46. 10.1136\/hrt.2003.025270","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical aspects of heart failure at the Mother-Child Hospital \u201cLe Luxembourg (MCHL)","volume":"2","author":"Oumar BH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oumar BH, Ichaka M, Mamadou T, et al.. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of heart failure at the Mother-Child Hospital \u201cLe Luxembourg (MCHL). Health Sci Res. 2015, 2:29-33.","journal-title":"Health Sci Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vhrm.2008.04.01.123","article-title":"Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review with emphasis on individuals with diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Kengne AP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kengne AP, Dzudie A, Sobngwi E. Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review with emphasis on individuals with diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008, 4:123-30. 10.2147\/vhrm.2008.04.01.123","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.194","article-title":"Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic","volume":"289","author":"Redfield MM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA. 2003, 289:194-202. 10.1001\/jama.289.2.194","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90455-a","article-title":"The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study","volume":"22","author":"Ho KK","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993, 22:6A-13A. 10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90455-a","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1280","article-title":"Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Cowie MR","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coats AJ, Thompson SG, Poole-Wilson PA, Suresh V, Sutton GC. Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study. Eur Heart J. 1999, 20:421-8. 10.1053\/euhj.1998.1280","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy GH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al.. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005, 352:225-37. 10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.960906","article-title":"Iron deficiency in community-dwelling US adults with self-reported heart failure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III: prevalence and associations with anemia and inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Parikh A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parikh A, Natarajan S, Lipsitz SR, Katz SD. Iron deficiency in community-dwelling US adults with self-reported heart failure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III: prevalence and associations with anemia and inflammation. Circ Heart Fail. 2011, 4:599-606. 10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.960906","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Research methodology with statistics for health and social sciences","volume":"1","author":"Araoye MO","year":"2004","unstructured":"Araoye MO. Research methodology with statistics for health and social sciences. Nathadex Publishers. 2004, 1:115-120.","journal-title":"Nathadex Publishers"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn359","article-title":"Chronic heart failure leads to an expanded plasma volume and pseudoanaemia, but does not lead to a reduction in the body's red cell volume","volume":"29","author":"Adlbrecht C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adlbrecht C, Kommata S, H\u00fclsmann M, et al.. Chronic heart failure leads to an expanded plasma volume and pseudoanaemia, but does not lead to a reduction in the body's red cell volume. Eur Heart J. 2008, 29:2343-50. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn359","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197112232852601","article-title":"The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study","volume":"285","author":"McKee PA","year":"1971","unstructured":"McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Kannel WB. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. N Engl J Med. 1971, 285:1441-6. 10.1056\/NEJM197112232852601","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.08.003","article-title":"Iron deficiency predicts impaired exercise capacity in patients with systolic chronic heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Jankowska EA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jankowska EA, Rozentryt P, Witkowska A, et al.. Iron deficiency predicts impaired exercise capacity in patients with systolic chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2011, 17:899-906. 10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.08.003","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.11.007","article-title":"Are hematinic deficiencies the cause of anemia in chronic heart failure?","volume":"147","author":"Witte KK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Witte KK, Desilva R, Chattopadhyay S, Ghosh J, Cleland JG, Clark AL. Are hematinic deficiencies the cause of anemia in chronic heart failure?. Am Heart J. 2004, 147:924-30. 10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.11.007","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(03)00740-9","article-title":"Usefulness of anemia as a predictor of death and rehospitalization in patients with decompensated heart failure","volume":"92","author":"Felker GM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Felker GM, Gattis WA, Leimberger JD, Adams KF, Cuffe MS, Gheorghiade M, O'Connor CM. Usefulness of anemia as a predictor of death and rehospitalization in patients with decompensated heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2003, 92:625-8. 10.1016\/s0002-9149(03)00740-9","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.061","article-title":"Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Groenveld HF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Groenveld HF, Januzzi JL, Damman K, van Wijngaarden J, Hillege HL, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P. Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008, 52:818-27. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.061","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583666","article-title":"Anemia in chronic heart failure: prevalence, etiology, clinical correlates, and treatment options","volume":"113","author":"Tang YD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tang YD, Katz SD. Anemia in chronic heart failure: prevalence, etiology, clinical correlates, and treatment options. Circulation. 2006, 113:2454-61. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583666","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs224","article-title":"Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Jankowska EA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jankowska EA, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Macdougall IC, Ponikowski P. Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives. Eur Heart J. 2013, 34:816-29. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs224","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.903773","article-title":"Making the case for skeletal myopathy as the major limitation of exercise capacity in heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Middlekauff HR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Middlekauff HR. Making the case for skeletal myopathy as the major limitation of exercise capacity in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2010, 3:537-46. 10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.903773","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Disorders of Iron Homeostasis, Erythrocytosis, Erythropoiesis","author":"Hershko C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hershko C. Disorders of Iron Homeostasis, Erythrocytosis, Erythropoiesis. Beaumont C (ed): Forum Service Editore, Genoa, Italy; 2006."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12311","article-title":"Guideline for the laboratory diagnosis of functional iron deficiency","volume":"161","author":"Thomas DW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas DW, Hinchliffe RF, Briggs C, Macdougall IC, Littlewood T, Cavill I. Guideline for the laboratory diagnosis of functional iron deficiency. Br J Haematol. 2013, 161:639-48. 10.1111\/bjh.12311","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01490506","article-title":"Assessing iron status: beyond serum ferritin and transferrin saturation","volume":"1","author":"Wish JB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wish JB. Assessing iron status: beyond serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006, 1:S4-8. 10.2215\/CJN.01490506","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/154674-assessing-iron-status-in-chronic-heart-failure-patients-by-using-serum-ferritin-and-transferrin-saturation-levels-a-cross-sectional-descriptive-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:02:34Z","timestamp":1707508954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/154674-assessing-iron-status-in-chronic-heart-failure-patients-by-using-serum-ferritin-and-transferrin-saturation-levels-a-cross-sectional-descriptive-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.39425","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]}}}