{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:38:34Z","timestamp":1790300314501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T13:54:55Z","timestamp":1687269295000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chronic Venous Insufficiency With Emphasis on the Geriatric Population"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Harvey N","family":"Mayrovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawaiola C","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Colon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.05.015","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins","volume":"15","author":"Beebe-Dimmer JL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Ann Epidemiol. 2005, 15:175-84. 10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.05.015","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.6.510","article-title":"Chronic venous insufficiency: a comprehensive review of management","volume":"31","author":"Azar J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azar J, Rao A, Oropallo A. Chronic venous insufficiency: a comprehensive review of management. J Wound Care. 2022, 31:510-9. 10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.6.510","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153239","article-title":"Understanding chronic venous disease: a critical overview of Its pathophysiology and medical management","volume":"10","author":"Ortega MA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ortega MA, Fraile-Mart\u00ednez O, Garc\u00eda-Montero C, et al.. Understanding chronic venous disease: a critical overview of Its pathophysiology and medical management. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:10.3390\/jcm10153239","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6705","article-title":"Red vine leaf extract (AS 195) can improve some signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Azhdari M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azhdari M, Zilaee M, Karandish M, Hosseini SA, Mansoori A, Zendehdel M, Khodarahpour S. Red vine leaf extract (AS 195) can improve some signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, a systematic review. Phytother Res. 2020, 34:2577-85. 10.1002\/ptr.6705","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12498","article-title":"Symptoms in patients with skin changes due to chronic venous insufficiency often lead to emergency care service: an Italian observational study","volume":"13","author":"Ruggiero M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruggiero M, Grande R, Naso A, et al.. Symptoms in patients with skin changes due to chronic venous insufficiency often lead to emergency care service: an Italian observational study. Int Wound J. 2016, 13:967-71. 10.1111\/iwj.12498","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.09.020","article-title":"Influence of manual lymphatic drainage on health-related quality of life and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"dos Santos Cris\u00f3stomo RS","year":"2015","unstructured":"dos Santos Cris\u00f3stomo RS, Costa DS, de Luz Belo Martins C, Fernandes TI, Armada-da-Silva PA. Influence of manual lymphatic drainage on health-related quality of life and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015, 96:283-91. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.09.020","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.04.009","article-title":"Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Cesarone MR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, et al.. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2010, 17:835-9. 10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.04.009","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319701052001S02","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"52 Suppl 1","author":"Fowkes FG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fowkes FG, Evans CJ, Lee AJ. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency. Angiology. 2001, 52 Suppl 1:S5-15. 10.1177\/0003319701052001S02","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Understanding venous leg ulcer pain: results of a longitudinal study","volume":"50","author":"Nemeth KA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nemeth KA, Harrison MB, Graham ID, Burke S. Understanding venous leg ulcer pain: results of a longitudinal study. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2004, 50:34-46.","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Venous leg ulcer pain","volume":"49","author":"Ryan S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ryan S, Eager C, Sibbald RG. Venous leg ulcer pain. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2003, 49:16-23.","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0965-206x(02)80024-9","article-title":"Venous leg ulcer pain and its characteristics","volume":"12","author":"Charles H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Charles H. Venous leg ulcer pain and its characteristics. J Tissue Viability. 2002, 12:154-158. 10.1016\/s0965-206x(02)80024-9","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381221104629","article-title":"Randomized prospective comparative study of platelet-rich plasma versus conventional compression in treatment of post-phlebitic venous ulcer","author":"Shehab AW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shehab AW, Eleshra A, Fouda E, Elwakeel H, Farag M. Randomized prospective comparative study of platelet-rich plasma versus conventional compression in treatment of post-phlebitic venous ulcer. Vascular. 2022, 17085381221104629. 10.1177\/17085381221104629","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14138","article-title":"Objective assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) potentiality in the treatment of chronic leg ulcer: RCT on 80 patients with venous ulcer","volume":"20","author":"Helmy Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Helmy Y, Farouk N, Ali Dahy A, et al.. Objective assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) potentiality in the treatment of chronic leg ulcer: RCT on 80 patients with venous ulcer. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021, 20:3257-63. 10.1111\/jocd.14138","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12773","article-title":"Associations between patient, treatment, or wound-level factors and venous leg ulcer healing: wound characteristics are the key factors in determining healing outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Weller CD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weller CD, Bouguettaya A, Team V, Flegg J, Kasza J, Jayathilake C. Associations between patient, treatment, or wound-level factors and venous leg ulcer healing: wound characteristics are the key factors in determining healing outcomes. Wound Repair Regen. 2020, 28:211-8. 10.1111\/wrr.12773","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12853","article-title":"Potential markers of healing from near infrared spectroscopy imaging of venous leg ulcer. a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing conventional with hyperbaric oxygen treatment","volume":"28","author":"Longobardi P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Longobardi P, Hartwig V, Santarella L, et al.. Potential markers of healing from near infrared spectroscopy imaging of venous leg ulcer. a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing conventional with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Wound Repair Regen. 2020, 28:856-66. 10.1111\/wrr.12853","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2022.11.006","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of combined >50% iliocaval venous obstruction and superficial venous reflux in chronic venous insufficiency patients with healed or active venous leg ulcer","volume":"11","author":"Chinchalongporn W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chinchalongporn W, Tanmit P, Pruekprasert K, et al.. Prevalence and predictors of combined &gt;50% iliocaval venous obstruction and superficial venous reflux in chronic venous insufficiency patients with healed or active venous leg ulcer. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2023, 11:502-9. 10.1016\/j.jvsv.2022.11.006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2011.054","article-title":"Age, body mass index and severity of primary chronic venous disease","volume":"155","author":"Musil D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Musil D, Kaletova M, Herman J. Age, body mass index and severity of primary chronic venous disease. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2011, 155:367-71. 10.5507\/bp.2011.054","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2010.009079","article-title":"The aetiology and influence of age and gender on the development of advanced chronic venous insufficiency in the population of patients of semi-urban county outpatient vascular clinic in Poland","volume":"26","author":"Dzieciuchowicz \u0141","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dzieciuchowicz \u0141, Krasi\u0144ski Z, Motowidlo K, Gabriel M. The aetiology and influence of age and gender on the development of advanced chronic venous insufficiency in the population of patients of semi-urban county outpatient vascular clinic in Poland. Phlebology. 2011, 26:56-61. 10.1258\/phleb.2010.009079","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2014.09.008","article-title":"Progression of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in the general population in the Edinburgh Vein Study","volume":"3","author":"Lee AJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee AJ, Robertson LA, Boghossian SM, Allan PL, Ruckley CV, Fowkes FG, Evans CJ. Progression of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in the general population in the Edinburgh Vein Study. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2015, 3:18-26. 10.1016\/j.jvsv.2014.09.008","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13242","article-title":"Chronic venous insufficiency - a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Santler B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santler B, Goerge T. Chronic venous insufficiency - a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2017, 15:538-56. 10.1111\/ddg.13242","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.3.149","article-title":"Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study","volume":"53","author":"Evans CJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Evans CJ, Fowkes FG, Ruckley CV, Lee AJ. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999, 53:149-53. 10.1136\/jech.53.3.149","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319718759834","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of venous disease among general practitioner attendees in different geographical regions on the globe: the final results of the vein consult program","volume":"69","author":"Vuylsteke ME","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vuylsteke ME, Colman R, Thomis S, Guillaume G, Van Quickenborne D, Staelens I. An epidemiological survey of venous disease among general practitioner attendees in different geographical regions on the globe: the final results of the vein consult program. Angiology. 2018, 69:779-85. 10.1177\/0003319718759834","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.007","article-title":"Defining the human and health care costs of chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"34","author":"Kim Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim Y, Png CY, Sumpio BJ, DeCarlo CS, Dua A. Defining the human and health care costs of chronic venous insufficiency. Semin Vasc Surg. 2021, 34:59-64. 10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.007","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-021-00213-x","article-title":"Management of lower extremity pain from chronic venous insufficiency: a comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Orhurhu V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orhurhu V, Chu R, Xie K, et al.. Management of lower extremity pain from chronic venous insufficiency: a comprehensive review. Cardiol Ther. 2021, 10:111-40. 10.1007\/s40119-021-00213-x","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355515589224","article-title":"The influence of age and gender on venous symptomatology. an epidemiological survey in Belgium and Luxembourg","volume":"31","author":"Vuylsteke ME","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vuylsteke ME, Colman R, Thomis S, Guillaume G, Degrande E, Staelens I. The influence of age and gender on venous symptomatology. an epidemiological survey in Belgium and Luxembourg. Phlebology. 2016, 31:325-33. 10.1177\/0268355515589224","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2017.08.033","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for chronic venous disease in the general Russian population","volume":"54","author":"Zolotukhin IA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zolotukhin IA, Seliverstov EI, Shevtsov YN, Avakiants IP, Nikishkov AS, Tatarintsev AM, Kirienko AI. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic venous disease in the general Russian population. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2017, 54:752-8. 10.1016\/j.ejvs.2017.08.033","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2013.09.013","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of chronic venous disease in patients seen in primary care in Spain: results of the international study Vein Consult Program","volume":"92","author":"Escudero Rodr\u00edguez JR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Escudero Rodr\u00edguez JR, Fern\u00e1ndez Quesada F, Bellmunt Montoya S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of chronic venous disease in patients seen in primary care in Spain: results of the international study Vein Consult Program. Cir Esp. 2014, 92:539-46. 10.1016\/j.ciresp.2013.09.013","journal-title":"Cir Esp"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006898","article-title":"Chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"130","author":"Eberhardt RT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chronic venous insufficiency. Circulation. 2014, 130:333-46. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006898","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.006","article-title":"Lipodermatosclerosis: a clinicopathological study of 25 cases","volume":"62","author":"Walsh SN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walsh SN, Santa Cruz DJ. Lipodermatosclerosis: a clinicopathological study of 25 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010, 62:1005-12. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2019.110","article-title":"Lipodermatosclerosis: the common skin condition often treated as cellulitis","volume":"49","author":"Galsinh H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galsinh H, Singh K, Smith L. Lipodermatosclerosis: the common skin condition often treated as cellulitis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2019, 49:41-2. 10.4997\/JRCPE.2019.110","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38123","article-title":"Arterial and neuropathic leg ulcers with emphasis on the geriatric population","volume":"15","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Wong S, Mancuso C. Arterial and neuropathic leg ulcers with emphasis on the geriatric population. Cureus. 2023, 15:e38123. 10.7759\/cureus.38123","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2020.1834232","article-title":"Standing and sitting postures at work and symptoms of venous insufficiency - results from questionnaires and a doppler ultrasound study","volume":"27","author":"\u0141astowiecka-Moras E","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0141astowiecka-Moras E. Standing and sitting postures at work and symptoms of venous insufficiency - results from questionnaires and a doppler ultrasound study. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2021, 27:963-9. 10.1080\/10803548.2020.1834232","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Ergon"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0741-5214(95)70050-1","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency: a dual case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Scott TE","year":"1995","unstructured":"Scott TE, LaMorte WW, Gorin DR, Menzoian JO. Risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency: a dual case-control study. J Vasc Surg. 1995, 22:622-628. 10.1016\/s0741-5214(95)70050-1","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039021","article-title":"A novel role for relaxin-2 in the pathogenesis of primary varicosis","volume":"7","author":"Adams J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adams J, Schott S, Bern A, Renz M, Ikenberg K, Garbe C, Busch C. A novel role for relaxin-2 in the pathogenesis of primary varicosis. PLoS One. 2012, 7:e39021. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0039021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1844_16","article-title":"Correlation of obesity & comorbid conditions with chronic venous insufficiency: results of a single-centre study","volume":"147","author":"Mahapatra S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahapatra S, Ramakrishna P, Gupta B, Anusha A, Para MA. Correlation of obesity &amp; comorbid conditions with chronic venous insufficiency: results of a single-centre study. Indian J Med Res. 2018, 147:471-6. 10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1844_16","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319703054001S04","article-title":"The influence of environmental factors in chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"54","author":"Jawien A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jawien A. The influence of environmental factors in chronic venous insufficiency. Angiology. 2003, 54:S19-31. 10.1177\/0003319703054001S04","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/3008-0755659","article-title":"Certain profession of working as risk factors for varicose veins","volume":"7","author":"Sharma S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma S, Vashist M, Vashist M, Grow K, Yadav R. Certain profession of working as risk factors for varicose veins. J Pharm Biol Sci. 2013, 7:56-59. 10.9790\/3008-0755659","journal-title":"J Pharm Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.08.005","article-title":"A study on prevalence and risk factors for varicose veins in nurses at a university hospital","volume":"9","author":"Yun MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun MJ, Kim YK, Kang DM, Kim JE, Ha WC, Jung KY, Choi HW. A study on prevalence and risk factors for varicose veins in nurses at a university hospital. Saf Health Work. 2018, 9:79-83. 10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.08.005","journal-title":"Saf Health Work"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2007.007061","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic venous disease","volume":"23","author":"Robertson L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robertson L, Evans C, Fowkes FG. Epidemiology of chronic venous disease. Phlebology. 2008, 23:103-11. 10.1258\/phleb.2007.007061","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2019.12.075","article-title":"The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards","volume":"8","author":"Lurie F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lurie F, Passman M, Meisner M, et al.. The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020, 8:342-52. 10.1016\/j.jvsv.2019.12.075","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.06.161","article-title":"Revision of the venous clinical severity score: venous outcomes consensus statement: special communication of the American Venous Forum ad hoc outcomes working group","volume":"52","author":"Vasquez MA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vasquez MA, Rabe E, McLafferty RB, et al.. Revision of the venous clinical severity score: venous outcomes consensus statement: special communication of the American Venous Forum ad hoc outcomes working group. J Vasc Surg. 2010, 52:1387-96. 10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.06.161","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.09.043","article-title":"The hemodynamics and diagnosis of venous disease","volume":"46","author":"Meissner MH","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meissner MH, Moneta G, Burnand K, et al.. The hemodynamics and diagnosis of venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 2007, 46:4S-24S. 10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.09.043","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526.36.1.53","article-title":"Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs--UIP consensus document. part I. basic principles","volume":"36","author":"Coleridge-Smith P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coleridge-Smith P, Labropoulos N, Partsch H, Myers K, Nicolaides A, Cavezzi A. Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs--UIP consensus document. part I. basic principles. Vasa. 2007, 36:53-61. 10.1024\/0301-1526.36.1.53","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(86)90098-4","article-title":"Diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"3","author":"Kistner RL","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kistner RL. Diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 1986, 3:185-188. 10.1016\/0741-5214(86)90098-4","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Directional flow detection for localizing venous valvular incompetency","volume":"67","author":"Folse R","year":"1970","unstructured":"Folse R, Alexander RH. Directional flow detection for localizing venous valvular incompetency. Surgery. 1970, 67:114-121.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420310033005","article-title":"A comparison of the cuff deflation method with Valsalva's maneuver and limb compression in detecting venous valvular reflux","volume":"129","author":"Markel A","year":"1994","unstructured":"Markel A, Meissner MH, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE Jr. A comparison of the cuff deflation method with Valsalva's maneuver and limb compression in detecting venous valvular reflux. Arch Surg. 1994, 129:701-5. 10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420310033005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0741-5214(03)00424-5","article-title":"Definition of venous reflux in lower-extremity veins","volume":"38","author":"Labropoulos N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Labropoulos N, Tiongson J, Pryor L, Tassiopoulos AK, Kang SS, Mansour AM,  Baker WH. Definition of venous reflux in lower-extremity veins. J Vasc Surg. 2003, 38:793-798. 10.1016\/s0741-5214(03)00424-5","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.05.009","article-title":"Hemodynamic and clinical impact of ultrasound-derived venous reflux parameters","volume":"40","author":"Negl\u00e9n P","year":"2004","unstructured":"Negl\u00e9n P, Egger JF 3rd, Olivier J, Raju S. Hemodynamic and clinical impact of ultrasound-derived venous reflux parameters. J Vasc Surg. 2004, 40:303-10. 10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.05.009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000060612","article-title":"Classification of chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"27","author":"Mayer W","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mayer W, Partsch H. Classification of chronic venous insufficiency. Curr Probl Dermatol. 1999, 27:81-8. 10.1159\/000060612","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.2.r00ap27421","article-title":"Pelvic and lower extremity veins: contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR venography with a dedicated vascular coil-initial experience","volume":"215","author":"Ruehm SG","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ruehm SG, Wiesner W, Debatin JF. Pelvic and lower extremity veins: contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR venography with a dedicated vascular coil-initial experience. Radiology. 2000, 215:421-7. 10.1148\/radiology.215.2.r00ap27421","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14842","article-title":"Contrast-induced nephropathy: a review of mechanisms and risks","volume":"13","author":"Shams E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shams E, Mayrovitz HN. Contrast-induced nephropathy: a review of mechanisms and risks. Cureus. 2021, 13:e14842. 10.7759\/cureus.14842","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2274-8","article-title":"Parkes Weber or Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome? non-invasive diagnosis with MR projection angiography","volume":"14","author":"Ziyeh S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ziyeh S, Spreer J, R\u00f6ssler J, Strecker R, Hochmuth A, Schumacher M, Klisch J. Parkes Weber or Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome? non-invasive diagnosis with MR projection angiography. Eur Radiol. 2004, 14:2025-9. 10.1007\/s00330-004-2274-8","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-020-00334-6","article-title":"Cellulitis mimics in the geriatric patient","volume":"9","author":"Blake A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blake A, Cruzval-O\u2019Reilly E, Sayed C. Cellulitis mimics in the geriatric patient. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2020, 9:1-7. 10.1007\/s13670-020-00334-6","journal-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.03.024","article-title":"Lower limb cellulitis and its mimics: part I. lower limb cellulitis","volume":"67","author":"Hirschmann JV","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ. Lower limb cellulitis and its mimics: part I. lower limb cellulitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012, 67:163.e1-12. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.03.024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-016-0250-0","article-title":"Stasis dermatitis: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"18","author":"Sundaresan S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sundaresan S, Migden MR, Silapunt S. Stasis dermatitis: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017, 18:383-90. 10.1007\/s40257-016-0250-0","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15766\/mep_2374-8265.10754","article-title":"Infections in older adults: a case-based discussion series emphasizing antibiotic stewardship","volume":"14","author":"Michener A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michener A, Heath B, Crnich CJ, et al.. Infections in older adults: a case-based discussion series emphasizing antibiotic stewardship. MedEdPORTAL. 2018, 14:10754. 10.15766\/mep_2374-8265.10754","journal-title":"MedEdPORTAL"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.06.002","article-title":"Clinical mimics: an emergency medicine-focused review of cellulitis mimics","volume":"53","author":"Blumberg G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blumberg G, Long B, Koyfman A. Clinical mimics: an emergency medicine-focused review of cellulitis mimics. J Emerg Med. 2017, 53:475-84. 10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.06.002","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7198.1591","article-title":"Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study","volume":"318","author":"Dupuy A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dupuy A, Benchikhi H, Roujeau JC, et al.. Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. BMJ. 1999, 318:1591-4. 10.1136\/bmj.318.7198.1591","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022","article-title":"Lymphedema: pathophysiology and clinical manifestations","volume":"77","author":"Grada AA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grada AA, Phillips TJ. Lymphedema: pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017, 77:1009-20. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-018-0257-x","article-title":"Stasis dermatitis: differentiation from other common causes of lower leg inflammation and management strategies","volume":"7","author":"Rzepecki AK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rzepecki AK, Blasiak R. Stasis dermatitis: differentiation from other common causes of lower leg inflammation and management strategies. Curr. Geriatr. Rep. 2018, 7:222-227. 10.1007\/s13670-018-0257-x","journal-title":"Curr. Geriatr. Rep"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.021","article-title":"Lymphedema: diagnostic workup and management","volume":"77","author":"Grada AA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grada AA, Phillips TJ. Lymphedema: diagnostic workup and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017, 77:995-1006. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2020.1338","article-title":"Primary lymphedema: update on genetic basis and management","volume":"11","author":"Sudduth CL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sudduth CL, Greene AK. Primary lymphedema: update on genetic basis and management. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2022, 11:374-81. 10.1089\/wound.2020.1338","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.12.464","article-title":"The prevalence of undiagnosed postoperative lower limb lymphedema among gynecological oncology patients","volume":"48","author":"Wong M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong M, Eaton PK, Zanichelli C, Moore C, Hegarty C, MacDonald N. The prevalence of undiagnosed postoperative lower limb lymphedema among gynecological oncology patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022, 48:1167-72. 10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.12.464","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.01.033","article-title":"Risk factors for late-onset lower limb lymphedema after gynecological cancer treatment: a multi-institutional retrospective study","volume":"46","author":"Yoshihara M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoshihara M, Shimono R, Tsuru S, Kitamura K, Sakuda H, Oguchi H, Hirota A. Risk factors for late-onset lower limb lymphedema after gynecological cancer treatment: a multi-institutional retrospective study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020, 46:1334-8. 10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.01.033","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2020.29085.sr","article-title":"Bioimpedance analysis of lower extremity lymphedema","volume":"18","author":"Rockson SG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rockson SG. Bioimpedance analysis of lower extremity lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2020, 18:98. 10.1089\/lrb.2020.29085.sr","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Factors affecting interpretation of tissue dielectric constant (TDC) in assessing breast cancer treatment related lymphedema (BCRL)","volume":"52","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Arzanova E, Somarriba S, Eisa S. Factors affecting interpretation of tissue dielectric constant (TDC) in assessing breast cancer treatment related lymphedema (BCRL). Lymphology. 2019, 52:92-102.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2018.0039","article-title":"Assessing lower extremity lymphedema using upper and lower extremity tissue dielectric constant ratios: method and normal reference values","volume":"17","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN. Assessing lower extremity lymphedema using upper and lower extremity tissue dielectric constant ratios: method and normal reference values. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019, 17:457-64. 10.1089\/lrb.2018.0039","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2018.0052","article-title":"Minimum detectable changes associated with tissue dielectric constant measurements as applicable to assessing lymphedema status","volume":"17","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Mikulka A, Woody D. Minimum detectable changes associated with tissue dielectric constant measurements as applicable to assessing lymphedema status. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019, 17:322-8. 10.1089\/lrb.2018.0052","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2017.0065","article-title":"Reference values for assessing localized hand lymphedema using interhand tissue dielectric constant ratios","volume":"16","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Arzanova E, Somarriba S, Eisa S. Reference values for assessing localized hand lymphedema using interhand tissue dielectric constant ratios. Lymphat Res Biol. 2018, 16:442-5. 10.1089\/lrb.2017.0065","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00013614-200404000-00005","article-title":"Lymphedema in the elderly: a special needs population","volume":"20","author":"Konecne SM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Konecne SM, Perdomo M. Lymphedema in the elderly: a special needs population. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2004, 20:98-113.","journal-title":"Top Geriatr Rehabil"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Thyroid disease in older people: nursing perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Sharma SK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Mudgal SK, Mandal A. Thyroid disease in older people: nursing perspectives. Thyroid Res Prac. 2020, 17:110-117.","journal-title":"Thyroid Res Prac"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S23966","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in the elderly: diagnosis and management","volume":"7","author":"Bensenor IM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bensenor IM, Olmos RD, Lotufo PA. Hypothyroidism in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Clin Interv Aging. 2012, 7:97-111. 10.2147\/CIA.S23966","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction: how to manage overt and subclinical disease in older patients","volume":"53","author":"Wallace K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wallace K, Hofmann MT. Thyroid dysfunction: how to manage overt and subclinical disease in older patients. Geriatrics. 1998, 53:32-38.","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2005.03.013","article-title":"Hypothyroidism: mimicker of common complaints","volume":"23","author":"Tews MC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tews MC, Shah SM, Gossain VV. Hypothyroidism: mimicker of common complaints. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005, 23:649-67. 10.1016\/j.emc.2005.03.013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8635(02)00009-8","article-title":"Thyroid disease and the skin","volume":"1","author":"Kasumagic-Halilovic E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasumagic-Halilovic E. Thyroid disease and the skin. Annals Thyroid Res. 2014, 1:27-31. 10.1016\/s0733-8635(02)00009-8","journal-title":"Annals Thyroid Res"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Thyroid dermopathy: an underrecognized cause of leg edema","volume":"79","author":"Kureshi F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kureshi F, Davis MD, Burkemper NM, Weenig RH, Pittelkow MR, Gamble GL. Thyroid dermopathy: an underrecognized cause of leg edema. Cutis. 2007, 79:219-224.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200506050-00003","article-title":"Pretibial myxedema: pathophysiology and treatment options","volume":"6","author":"Fatourechi V","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fatourechi V. Pretibial myxedema: pathophysiology and treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005, 6:295-309. 10.2165\/00128071-200506050-00003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mgn.2002.124325","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in elderly people","volume":"23","author":"Li TM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li TM. Hypothyroidism in elderly people. Geriatr Nurs. 2002, 23:88-93. 10.1067\/mgn.2002.124325","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(02)01322-0","article-title":"Peripheral edema","volume":"113","author":"Cho S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cho S, Atwood JE. Peripheral edema. Am J Med. 2002, 113:580-586. 10.1016\/s0002-9343(02)01322-0","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960290108","article-title":"Peripheral edema due to heart disease: diagnosis and outcome","volume":"29","author":"Shah MG","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shah MG, Cho S, Atwood JE, Heidenreich PA. Peripheral edema due to heart disease: diagnosis and outcome. Clin Cardiol. 2006, 29:31-5. 10.1002\/clc.4960290108","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14337","article-title":"Cutaneous findings in patients with chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"21","author":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 F","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 F, Akba\u015f A, \u015eener S, Hayran Y, Akta\u015f A. Cutaneous findings in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022, 21:2106-12. 10.1111\/jocd.14337","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12589","article-title":"Can tissue dielectric constant measurement aid in differentiating lymphoedema from lipoedema in women with swollen legs?","volume":"170","author":"Birkballe S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Birkballe S, Jensen MR, Noerregaard S, Gottrup F, Karlsmark T. Can tissue dielectric constant measurement aid in differentiating lymphoedema from lipoedema in women with swollen legs?. Br J Dermatol. 2014, 170:96-102. 10.1111\/bjd.12589","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09810.x","article-title":"High-resolution cutaneous ultrasonography to differentiate lipoedema from lymphoedema","volume":"163","author":"Naouri M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Naouri M, Samimi M, Atlan M, et al.. High-resolution cutaneous ultrasonography to differentiate lipoedema from lymphoedema. Br J Dermatol. 2010, 163:296-301. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09810.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12588","article-title":"Differentiation of lipoedema from bilateral lower limb lymphoedema by imaging assessment of indocyanine green lymphography","volume":"13","author":"Mackie H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mackie H, Thompson BM, Suami H, Heydon-White A, Blackwell R, Tisdall Blake F, Koelmeyer LA. Differentiation of lipoedema from bilateral lower limb lymphoedema by imaging assessment of indocyanine green lymphography. Clin Obes. 2023, 13:e12588. 10.1111\/cob.12588","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23458","article-title":"Lymphatic function and anatomy in early stages of lipedema","volume":"30","author":"Rasmussen JC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rasmussen JC, Aldrich MB, Fife CE, Herbst KL, Sevick-Muraca EM. Lymphatic function and anatomy in early stages of lipedema. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022, 30:1391-400. 10.1002\/oby.23458","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000363503.92360.91","article-title":"Lipedema: a frequently misdiagnosed and misunderstood fatty deposition syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Fife CE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fife CE, Maus EA, Carter MJ. Lipedema: a frequently misdiagnosed and misunderstood fatty deposition syndrome. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2010, 23:81-92. 10.1097\/01.ASW.0000363503.92360.91","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00727-0","article-title":"Lymphedema","volume":"110","author":"Rockson SG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rockson SG. Lymphedema. Am J Med. 2001, 110:288-295. 10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00727-0","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJMMR\/2015\/13894","article-title":"Lipedema: a clinical challenge-revisited","volume":"5","author":"Omaira M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Omaira M, Mehrotra A, Fankhauser MJ, Hrinczenko B, Dimitrov NV. Lipedema: a clinical challenge-revisited. J Adv Med Med Res. 2015, 5:1328. 10.9734\/BJMMR\/2015\/13894","journal-title":"J Adv Med Med Res"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12805","article-title":"Lipedema-an update","volume":"32","author":"Wollina U","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wollina U. Lipedema-an update. Dermatol Ther. 2019, 32:e12805. 10.1111\/dth.12805","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-741.x","article-title":"Lymphatic and venous function in lipoedema","volume":"134","author":"Harwood CA","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harwood CA, Bull RH, Evans J, Mortimer PS. Lymphatic and venous function in lipoedema. Br J Dermatol. 1996, 134:1-6. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-741.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2021.09.002","article-title":"Differences in health-related quality of life in patients with mild and severe chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Silva WT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva WT, \u00c1vila MR, de Oliveira LF, et al.. Differences in health-related quality of life in patients with mild and severe chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Nurs. 2021, 39:126-33. 10.1016\/j.jvn.2021.09.002","journal-title":"J Vasc Nurs"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17654","article-title":"Correlation of venous clinical severity score with dermatology life quality index among patients with chronic venous insufficiency: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Poulose D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Poulose D, Deo K, Gogineni JM, et al.. Correlation of venous clinical severity score with dermatology life quality index among patients with chronic venous insufficiency: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2021, 13:e17654. 10.7759\/cureus.17654","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2008.07.22.45.53.c6592","article-title":"Impact of exudate and odour from chronic venous leg ulceration","volume":"22","author":"Jones JE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones JE, Robinson J, Barr W, Carlisle C. Impact of exudate and odour from chronic venous leg ulceration. Nurs Stand. 2008, 22:53-4. 10.7748\/ns2008.07.22.45.53.c6592","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.05.025","article-title":"Measuring the health status of patients with vascular leg ulcers and the burden for their caregivers","volume":"34","author":"Tabolli S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabolli S, Tinelli G, Guarnera G, Di Pietro C, Sampogna F, Abeni D. Measuring the health status of patients with vascular leg ulcers and the burden for their caregivers. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007, 34:613-8. 10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.05.025","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2005.14.2.26732","article-title":"Measuring the impact of venous leg ulcers on quality of life","volume":"14","author":"Hareendran A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hareendran A, Bradbury A, Budd J, Geroulakos G, Hobbs R, Kenkre J, Symonds T. Measuring the impact of venous leg ulcers on quality of life. J Wound Care. 2005, 14:53-7. 10.12968\/jowc.2005.14.2.26732","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318322","article-title":"Epidemiology and genetics of venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease","volume":"128","author":"Baylis RA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baylis RA, Smith NL, Klarin D, Fukaya E. Epidemiology and genetics of venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease. Circ Res. 2021, 128:1988-2002. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318322","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13579","article-title":"Clinical features of venous insufficiency and the risk of venous thrombosis in older people","volume":"171","author":"Engbers MJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Engbers MJ, Karasu A, Blom JW, Cushman M, Rosendaal FR, van Hylckama Vlieg A. Clinical features of venous insufficiency and the risk of venous thrombosis in older people. Br J Haematol. 2015, 171:417-23. 10.1111\/bjh.13579","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Occurrence of pulmonary embolism among 260 in-patients of acute geriatric department aged 65+ years in 2005-2010","volume":"25","author":"Weberov\u00e1 D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weberov\u00e1 D, Weber P, Kubesov\u00e1 H, Meluz\u00ednov\u00e1 H, Polcarov\u00e1 V, Ambrosov\u00e1 P, Biel\u00e1kov\u00e1 K. Occurrence of pulmonary embolism among 260 in-patients of acute geriatric department aged 65+ years in 2005-2010. Adv Gerontol. 2012, 25:506-512.","journal-title":"Adv Gerontol"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2019.10.017","article-title":"High prevalence of chronic venous disease among health care workers in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Cires-Drouet RS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cires-Drouet RS, Fangyang L, Rosenberger S, et al.. High prevalence of chronic venous disease among health care workers in the United States. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020, 8:224-30. 10.1016\/j.jvsv.2019.10.017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-021-02244-9","article-title":"Skin diseases in hospitalized geriatrics: a 9-year analysis from a University Dermatology Center in Germany","volume":"314","author":"Ansorge C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ansorge C, Miocic JM, Schauer F. Skin diseases in hospitalized geriatrics: a 9-year analysis from a University Dermatology Center in Germany. Arch Dermatol Res. 2022, 314:427-37. 10.1007\/s00403-021-02244-9","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.12.009","article-title":"The value of B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in very old people with chronic peripheral oedema","volume":"113","author":"Belmin J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Belmin J, Donadio C, Jarzebowski W, Genranmayeh K, Valembois L, Lafuente-Lafuente C. The value of B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in very old people with chronic peripheral oedema. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2020, 113:332-40. 10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.12.009","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"Recovery treatment of lower limbs trophic ulcers in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (review of literature)","volume":"11","author":"Kruglova LS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kruglova LS, Korchazhkina NB, Tamrazova OB, Filatova EV. Recovery treatment of lower limbs trophic ulcers in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (review of literature). Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2016, 11:7-13.","journal-title":"Med Tr Prom Ekol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01513.x","article-title":"Management of leg ulcers in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: the experience of a dermatology clinic in Bucharest, Romania","volume":"25","author":"Salavastru CM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salavastru CM, Nedelcu LE, Tiplica GS. Management of leg ulcers in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: the experience of a dermatology clinic in Bucharest, Romania. Dermatol Ther. 2012, 25:304-13. 10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01513.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.Sup9.S30","article-title":"Chronic leg ulcers disrupt patients' lives: a study of leg ulcer-related life changes and quality of life","volume":"22","author":"Cunha N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cunha N, Campos S, Cabete J. Chronic leg ulcers disrupt patients' lives: a study of leg ulcer-related life changes and quality of life. Br J Community Nurs. 2017, 22:S30-7. 10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.Sup9.S30","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.05.069","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of venous ulcers in primary chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"52","author":"Neglen P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neglen P, Ekl\u00f6f B, Kulwicki A, et al.. Prevention and treatment of venous ulcers in primary chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 2010, 52:15S-20S. 10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.05.069","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2017.11.002","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic venous disease and venous ulcers","volume":"98","author":"Raffetto JD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raffetto JD. Pathophysiology of chronic venous disease and venous ulcers. Surg Clin North Am. 2018, 98:337-47. 10.1016\/j.suc.2017.11.002","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0591","article-title":"The role of microcirculatory dysfunction in the pathophysiology and treatment of venous leg ulcers","volume":"155","author":"Klonizakis M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klonizakis M. The role of microcirculatory dysfunction in the pathophysiology and treatment of venous leg ulcers. JAMA Dermatol. 2019, 155:861-2. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0591","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1994.1042","article-title":"Periwound skin microcirculation of venous leg ulcers","volume":"48","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Larsen PB. Periwound skin microcirculation of venous leg ulcers. Microvasc Res. 1994, 48:114-23. 10.1006\/mvre.1994.1042","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Comparisons of venous and diabetic plantar ulcer shape and area","volume":"11","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Smith J, Ingram C. Comparisons of venous and diabetic plantar ulcer shape and area. Adv Wound Care. 1998, 11:176-83.","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13891","article-title":"A meta-review of the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcer healing","volume":"20","author":"Patton D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patton D, Avsar P, Sayeh A, et al.. A meta-review of the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcer healing. Int Wound J. 2023, 20:430-47. 10.1111\/iwj.13891","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355517749112","article-title":"The effect of age and compression strength on venous leg ulcer healing","volume":"33","author":"Karanikolic V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karanikolic V, Binic I, Jovanovic D, Golubovic M, Golubovic I, Djindjic N, Petrovic D. The effect of age and compression strength on venous leg ulcer healing. Phlebology. 2018, 33:618-26. 10.1177\/0268355517749112","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"Nicolas Andry Award. Increased tissue pressure and its effects on muscle oxygenation in level and elevated human limbs","volume":"311","author":"Matsen FA","year":"1979","unstructured":"Matsen FA, Krugmire RB, King RV. Nicolas Andry Award. Increased tissue pressure and its effects on muscle oxygenation in level and elevated human limbs. Clin Orthop. 1979, 311:320.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050211","article-title":"Local compression patterns beneath pneumatic tourniquets applied to arms and thighs of human cadavera","volume":"5","author":"Hargens AR","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hargens AR, McClure AG, Skyhar MJ, Lieber RL, Gershuni DH, Akeson WH. Local compression patterns beneath pneumatic tourniquets applied to arms and thighs of human cadavera. J Orthop Res. 1987, 5:247-52. 10.1002\/jor.1100050211","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(96)00088-5","article-title":"Direct measurement of cutaneous pressures generated by pressure garments","volume":"23","author":"Giele HP","year":"1997","unstructured":"Giele HP, Liddiard K, Currie K, Wood FM. Direct measurement of cutaneous pressures generated by pressure garments. Burns. 1997, 23:137-141.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734620912093","article-title":"Understanding stress-strain behavioral change in fabrics for compression bandaging","volume":"20","author":"Ruznan WS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruznan WS, Laing RM, Lowe BJ, Wilson CA, Jowett TJ. Understanding stress-strain behavioral change in fabrics for compression bandaging. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2021, 20:244-50. 10.1177\/1534734620912093","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2020.0083","article-title":"Compression pressure variability in upper limb multilayer bandaging applied by lymphedema therapists","volume":"19","author":"Hara H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hara H, Yoshida M, Ikehata N, Tachibana S, Hamanaka N, Nakakawaji K, Mihara M. Compression pressure variability in upper limb multilayer bandaging applied by lymphedema therapists. Lymphat Res Biol. 2021, 19:378-82. 10.1089\/lrb.2020.0083","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355519825590","article-title":"Controlling compression bandaging pressure in leg ulcer research trials: a summary of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Boxall SL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boxall SL, Carville K, Leslie GD, Jansen SJ. Controlling compression bandaging pressure in leg ulcer research trials: a summary of the literature. Phlebology. 2019, 34:501-14. 10.1177\/0268355519825590","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Medical compression: effects on pulsatile leg blood flow","volume":"29","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Macdonald JM. Medical compression: effects on pulsatile leg blood flow. Int Angiol. 2010, 29:436-441.","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"A meta-analysis to compare four-layer to short-stretch compression bandaging for venous leg ulcer healing","volume":"64","author":"De Carvalho MR","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Carvalho MR, Peixoto BU, Silveira IA, Oliveria B. A meta-analysis to compare four-layer to short-stretch compression bandaging for venous leg ulcer healing. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2018, 64:30-37.","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000179182","article-title":"Disturbed blood flow regulation in venous leg ulcers","volume":"16","author":"Junger M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Junger M, Klyscz T, Hahn M, Rassner G. Disturbed blood flow regulation in venous leg ulcers. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp. 1996, 16:259-265.","journal-title":"Int J Microcirc Clin Exp"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/713774003","article-title":"Microcirculatory dysfunction in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)","volume":"7","author":"Junger M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Junger M, Steins A, Hahn M, Hafner HM. Microcirculatory dysfunction in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Microcirculation. 2000, 7:3-12.","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"Venous leg ulcers and microcirculation","volume":"24","author":"Steins A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steins A, Hahn M, Junger M. Venous leg ulcers and microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2001, 24:147-153.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"ref123","article-title":"Cutaneous inflammation limited to the region of the ulcer in chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"26","author":"Hahn J","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hahn J, Junger M, Friedrich B, Zuder D, Steins A, Hahn M, Klyscz T. Cutaneous inflammation limited to the region of the ulcer in chronic venous insufficiency. Vasa. 1997, 26:277-281.","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"ref124","article-title":"Leg blood flow in patients with venous ulcers: relationship to site and ulcer area","volume":"6","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Larsen PB. Leg blood flow in patients with venous ulcers: relationship to site and ulcer area. Wounds. 1994, 6:195-200.","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.1997.01616.x","article-title":"Effects of compression bandaging on leg pulsatile blood flow","volume":"17","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Larsen PB. Effects of compression bandaging on leg pulsatile blood flow. Clin Physiol. 1997, 17:105-17. 10.1046\/j.1365-2281.1997.01616.x","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial","volume":"39","author":"Padberg FT Jr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Padberg FT Jr, Johnston MV, Sisto SA. Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg. 2004, 39:79-87.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-2-18","article-title":"Comparison of reduction of edema after rest and after muscle exercises in treatment of chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"2","author":"Quilici BC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quilici BC, Gildo C Jr, de Godoy JM, Quilici BS, Augusto CR. Comparison of reduction of edema after rest and after muscle exercises in treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Int Arch Med. 2009, 2:18.","journal-title":"Int Arch Med"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355517695401","article-title":"Effects of isokinetic calf muscle exercise program on muscle strength and venous function in patients with chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"33","author":"Ercan S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ercan S, \u00c7etin C, Yavuz T, Demir HM, Atalay YB. Effects of isokinetic calf muscle exercise program on muscle strength and venous function in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2018, 33:261-6. 10.1177\/0268355517695401","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2012.03.005","article-title":"Comparative study on the effectiveness of myofascial release manual therapy and physical therapy for venous insufficiency in postmenopausal women","volume":"20","author":"Ramos-Gonz\u00e1lez E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramos-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Moreno-Lorenzo C, Matar\u00e1n-Pe\u00f1arrocha GA, Guisado-Barrilao R, Aguilar-Ferr\u00e1ndiz ME, Castro-S\u00e1nchez AM. Comparative study on the effectiveness of myofascial release manual therapy and physical therapy for venous insufficiency in postmenopausal women. Complement Ther Med. 2012, 20:291-8. 10.1016\/j.ctim.2012.03.005","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58081078","article-title":"Pathophysiological aspects of aging in venous thromboembolism: an update","volume":"58","author":"Akrivou D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akrivou D, Perlepe G, Kirgou P, Gourgoulianis KI, Malli F. Pathophysiological aspects of aging in venous thromboembolism: an update. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022, 58:10.3390\/medicina58081078","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.1.m34","article-title":"The management of venous thromboembolic disease in older adults","volume":"59","author":"Rich MW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rich MW. The management of venous thromboembolic disease in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004, 59:34-41. 10.1093\/gerona\/59.1.m34","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2004.09.016","article-title":"The influence of superficial venous surgery and compression on incompetent calf perforators in chronic venous leg ulceration","volume":"29","author":"Gohel MS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gohel MS, Barwell JR, Wakely C, et al.. The influence of superficial venous surgery and compression on incompetent calf perforators in chronic venous leg ulceration. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005, 29:78-82. 10.1016\/j.ejvs.2004.09.016","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440303700205","article-title":"Surgery of the superficial venous system in elderly patients","volume":"37","author":"Weinmann EE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weinmann EE, Poluksht N, Chayen D, Bass A. Surgery of the superficial venous system in elderly patients. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2003, 37:111-5. 10.1177\/153857440303700205","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(03)00228-3","article-title":"Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study)","volume":"38","author":"Lurie F","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lurie F, Creton D, Eklof B, et al.. Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study). J Vasc Surg. 2003, 38:207-214.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440503900406","article-title":"Chronic venous insufficiency due to great saphenous vein incompetence treated with radiofrequency ablation: an effective and safe procedure in the elderly","volume":"39","author":"Tzilinis A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tzilinis A, Salles-Cunha SX, Dosick SM, Gale SS, Seiwert AJ, Comerota AJ. Chronic venous insufficiency due to great saphenous vein incompetence treated with radiofrequency ablation: an effective and safe procedure in the elderly. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2005, 39:341-5. 10.1177\/153857440503900406","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2010.08.008","article-title":"Medical and surgical therapy for advanced chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"90","author":"Word R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Word R. Medical and surgical therapy for advanced chronic venous insufficiency. Surg Clin North Am. 2010, 90:1195-214. 10.1016\/j.suc.2010.08.008","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.05.027","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of chronic venous ulceration: a preliminary study","volume":"38","author":"Darvall KA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Darvall KA, Bate GR, Adam DJ, Silverman SH, Bradbury AW. Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of chronic venous ulceration: a preliminary study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009, 38:764-9. 10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.05.027","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/159475-chronic-venous-insufficiency-with-emphasis-on-the-geriatric-population","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:05:11Z","timestamp":1707509111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/159475-chronic-venous-insufficiency-with-emphasis-on-the-geriatric-population"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"references-count":137,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.40687","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}}}