{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:10:08Z","timestamp":1764601808940},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T21:00:03Z","timestamp":1689022803000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Review of Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Schimmoeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Bastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat database. incidence - SEER. (2019). Accessed: April 2020: https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/hodg.html."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21438","article-title":"Hodgkin lymphoma: a review and update on recent progress","volume":"68","author":"Shanbhag S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shanbhag S, Ambinder RF. Hodgkin lymphoma: a review and update on recent progress. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018, 68:116-32. 10.3322\/caac.21438","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21637","article-title":"Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Miller KD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller KD, Fidler-Benaoudia M, Keegan TH, Hipp HS, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020, 70:443-59. 10.3322\/caac.21637","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505949","article-title":"Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"373","author":"Schaapveld M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaapveld M, Aleman BM, van Eggermond AM, et al.. Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015, 373:2499-511. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1505949","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1712502","article-title":"Cancer survivorship","volume":"379","author":"Shapiro CL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shapiro CL. Cancer survivorship. N Engl J Med. 2018, 379:2438-50. 10.1056\/NEJMra1712502","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095952873201700106","article-title":"On some morbid appearances of the absorbent glands and spleen","volume":"17","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1832","unstructured":"Hodgkin. On some morbid appearances of the absorbent glands and spleen. Med Chir Trans. 1832, 17:68-114. 10.1177\/095952873201700106","journal-title":"Med Chir Trans"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21716","article-title":"Molecular biology of Hodgkin's and Reed\/Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"118","author":"Br\u00e4uninger A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Br\u00e4uninger A, Schmitz R, Bechtel D, Renn\u00e9 C, Hansmann ML, K\u00fcppers R. Molecular biology of Hodgkin's and Reed\/Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Cancer. 2006, 118:1853-61. 10.1002\/ijc.21716","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(00)80089-8","article-title":"Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor","volume":"11","author":"Nishimura H","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nishimura H, Nose M, Hiai H, Minato N, Honjo T. Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor. Immunity. 1999, 11:141-51. 10.1016\/s1074-7613(00)80089-8","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000020","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibition in Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"2","author":"Moy RH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moy RH, Younes A. Immune checkpoint inhibition in Hodgkin lymphoma. Hemasphere. 2018, 2:e20. 10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000020","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282780","article-title":"Integrative analysis reveals selective 9p24.1 amplification, increased PD-1 ligand expression, and further induction via JAK2 in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"116","author":"Green MR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Green MR, Monti S, Rodig SJ, et al.. Integrative analysis reveals selective 9p24.1 amplification, increased PD-1 ligand expression, and further induction via JAK2 in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2010, 116:3268-77. 10.1182\/blood-2010-05-282780","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.3994","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex class II and programmed death ligand 1 expression predict outcome after programmed death 1 blockade in classic Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Roemer MG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roemer MG, Redd RA, Cader FZ, et al.. Major histocompatibility complex class II and programmed death ligand 1 expression predict outcome after programmed death 1 blockade in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018, 36:942-50. 10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.3994","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195792","article-title":"Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired","volume":"114","author":"Ahmadzadeh M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahmadzadeh M, Johnson LA, Heemskerk B, Wunderlich JR, Dudley ME, White DE, Rosenberg SA. Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. Blood. 2009, 114:1537-44. 10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195792","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.132761","article-title":"The immune microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma: T cells, B cells, and immune checkpoints","volume":"101","author":"Vardhana S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vardhana S, Younes A. The immune microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma: T cells, B cells, and immune checkpoints. Haematologica. 2016, 101:794-802. 10.3324\/haematol.2015.132761","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. (2022). Accessed. June 30, 2023: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/types\/immunotherapy\/checkpoint-inhibitors."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-73-6-881","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease","volume":"73","author":"Devita VT Jr","year":"1970","unstructured":"Devita VT Jr, Serpick AA, Carbone PP. Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Ann Intern Med. 1970, 73:881-95. 10.7326\/0003-4819-73-6-881","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197507)36:1<252::aid-cncr2820360128>3.0.co;2-7","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP","volume":"36","author":"Bonadonna G","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bonadonna G, Zucali R, Monfardini S, De Lena M, Uslenghi C. Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP. Cancer. 1975, 36:252-9. 10.1002\/1097-0142(197507)36:1&lt;252::aid-cncr2820360128&gt;3.0.co;2-7","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211193272102","article-title":"Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD","volume":"327","author":"Canellos GP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Canellos GP, Anderson JR, Propert KJ, et al.. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD. N Engl J Med. 1992, 327:1478-84. 10.1056\/NEJM199211193272102","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111961","article-title":"ABVD alone versus radiation-based therapy in limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"366","author":"Meyer RM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer RM, Gospodarowicz MK, Connors JM, et al.. ABVD alone versus radiation-based therapy in limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2012, 366:399-408. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1111961","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-016-6711-0","article-title":"Anthracycline chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity","volume":"31","author":"McGowan JV","year":"2017","unstructured":"McGowan JV, Chung R, Maulik A, Piotrowska I, Walker JM, Yellon DM. Anthracycline chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2017, 31:63-75. 10.1007\/s10557-016-6711-0","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.03.003","article-title":"Cardiac side-effects of cancer chemotherapy","volume":"144","author":"Monsuez JJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Monsuez JJ, Charniot JC, Vignat N, Artigou JY. Cardiac side-effects of cancer chemotherapy. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 144:3-15. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.03.003","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2005.01.007","article-title":"Bleomycin lung toxicity: who are the patients with increased risk?","volume":"18","author":"Azambuja E","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azambuja E, Fleck JF, Batista RG, Menna Barreto SS. Bleomycin lung toxicity: who are the patients with increased risk?. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2005, 18:363-6. 10.1016\/j.pupt.2005.01.007","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100340","article-title":"ABVD versus BEACOPP for Hodgkin's lymphoma when high-dose salvage is planned","volume":"365","author":"Viviani S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Viviani S, Zinzani PL, Rambaldi A, et al.. ABVD versus BEACOPP for Hodgkin's lymphoma when high-dose salvage is planned. N Engl J Med. 2011, 365:203-12. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1100340","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<207::aid-cncr2820470134>3.0.co;2-6","article-title":"Reporting results of cancer treatment","volume":"47","author":"Miller AB","year":"1981","unstructured":"Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M, Winkler A. Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer. 1981, 47:207-14. 10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1&lt;207::aid-cncr2820470134&gt;3.0.co;2-6","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3329-2-1","article-title":"An increased incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with adult-onset sarcoma","volume":"2","author":"Downing ME","year":"2012","unstructured":"Downing ME, Dite GS, Ballinger ML. An increased incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with adult-onset sarcoma. Clin Sarcoma Res. 2012, 2:1. 10.1186\/2045-3329-2-1","journal-title":"Clin Sarcoma Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197606)37:6<2813::aid-cncr2820370637>3.0.co;2-s","article-title":"Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of technique, tumor eradication, and complications","volume":"37","author":"Carmel RJ","year":"1976","unstructured":"Carmel RJ, Kaplan HS. Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of technique, tumor eradication, and complications. Cancer. 1976, 37:2813-25. 10.1002\/1097-0142(197606)37:6&lt;2813::aid-cncr2820370637&gt;3.0.co;2-s","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.03.019","article-title":"Involved site radiation therapy in adult lymphomas: an overview of International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines","volume":"107","author":"Wirth A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wirth A, Mikhaeel NG, Aleman BM, et al.. Involved site radiation therapy in adult lymphomas: an overview of International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020, 107:909-33. 10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.03.019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Evidence for an orderly progression in the spread of Hodgkin's disease","volume":"26","author":"Rosenberg SA","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rosenberg SA, Kaplan HS. Evidence for an orderly progression in the spread of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Res. 1966, 26:1225-31.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/485071","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in Hodgkin's lymphoma: what has been achieved during the last 50 years?","volume":"2015","author":"Witkowska M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Witkowska M, Majchrzak A, Smolewski P. The role of radiotherapy in Hodgkin's lymphoma: what has been achieved during the last 50 years?. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015:485071. 10.1155\/2015\/485071","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.02.009","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism after radiation therapy for childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study","volume":"104","author":"Inskip PD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Inskip PD, Veiga LH, Brenner AV, et al.. Hyperthyroidism after radiation therapy for childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019, 104:415-24. 10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.02.009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.15.29","article-title":"Modulation of cardiovascular toxicity in Hodgkin lymphoma: potential role and mechanisms of aerobic training","volume":"11","author":"Yu AF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu AF, Jones LW. Modulation of cardiovascular toxicity in Hodgkin lymphoma: potential role and mechanisms of aerobic training. Future Cardiol. 2015, 11:441-52. 10.2217\/fca.15.29","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22216","article-title":"Genomic chaos in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients one year after ABVD chemotherapy\/radiotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Ramos S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramos S, Navarrete-Meneses P, Molina B, et al.. Genomic chaos in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients one year after ABVD chemotherapy\/radiotherapy. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2018, 59:755-68. 10.1002\/em.22216","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-278796","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"117","author":"Castellino SM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castellino SM, Geiger AM, Mertens AC, et al.. Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood. 2011, 117:1806-16. 10.1182\/blood-2010-04-278796","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001043220102","article-title":"Leukemia following Hodgkin's disease","volume":"322","author":"Kaldor JM","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaldor JM, Day NE, Clarke EA, et al.. Leukemia following Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1990, 322:7-13. 10.1056\/NEJM199001043220102","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000067","article-title":"Reduced treatment intensity in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"363","author":"Engert A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engert A, Pl\u00fctschow A, Eich HT, et al.. Reduced treatment intensity in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363:640-52. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1000067","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408648","article-title":"Results of a trial of PET-directed therapy for early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"372","author":"Radford J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Radford J, Illidge T, Counsell N, et al.. Results of a trial of PET-directed therapy for early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015, 372:1598-607. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1408648","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15639","article-title":"The role of transplantation in Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"184","author":"Broccoli A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broccoli A, Zinzani PL. The role of transplantation in Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019, 184:93-104. 10.1111\/bjh.15639","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70013-6","article-title":"PET-adapted sequential salvage therapy with brentuximab vedotin followed by augmented ifosamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma: a non-randomised, open-label, single-centre, phase 2 study","volume":"16","author":"Moskowitz AJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moskowitz AJ, Sch\u00f6der H, Yahalom J, et al.. PET-adapted sequential salvage therapy with brentuximab vedotin followed by augmented ifosamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma: a non-randomised, open-label, single-centre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015, 16:284-92. 10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70013-6","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1998.4636","article-title":"CD30 in normal and neoplastic cells","volume":"90","author":"Chiarle R","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chiarle R, Podda A, Prolla G, Gong J, Thorbecke GJ, Inghirami G. CD30 in normal and neoplastic cells. Clin Immunol. 1999, 90:157-64. 10.1006\/clim.1998.4636","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0705-5","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin: a review in CD30-positive Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Scott LJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott LJ. Brentuximab vedotin: a review in CD30-positive Hodgkin lymphoma. Drugs. 2017, 77:435-45. 10.1007\/s40265-017-0705-5","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Brentuximab vedotin. (2011). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2011\/125388s000,125399s000lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0039","article-title":"cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity","volume":"102","author":"Francisco JA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Francisco JA, Cerveny CG, Meyer DL, et al.. cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity. Blood. 2003, 102:1458-1465. 10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0039","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510026200","article-title":"Lysosomal trafficking and cysteine protease metabolism confer target-specific cytotoxicity by peptide-linked anti-CD30-auristatin conjugates","volume":"281","author":"Sutherland MS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sutherland MS, Sanderson RJ, Gordon KA, et al.. Lysosomal trafficking and cysteine protease metabolism confer target-specific cytotoxicity by peptide-linked anti-CD30-auristatin conjugates. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281:10540-7. 10.1074\/jbc.M510026200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2403","article-title":"Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Cheson BD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cheson BD, Pfistner B, Juweid ME, et al.. Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25:579-86. 10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2403","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0410","article-title":"Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Younes A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Younes A, Gopal AK, Smith SE, et al.. Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012, 30:2183-9. 10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0410","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-02-699850","article-title":"Five-year survival and durability results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"128","author":"Chen R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen R, Gopal AK, Smith SE, et al.. Five-year survival and durability results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2016, 128:1562-6. 10.1182\/blood-2016-02-699850","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60165-9","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin as consolidation therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma at risk of relapse or progression (AETHERA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"385","author":"Moskowitz CH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moskowitz CH, Nademanee A, Masszi T, et al.. Brentuximab vedotin as consolidation therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma at risk of relapse or progression (AETHERA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015, 385:1853-62. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60165-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx791","article-title":"Autologous stem-cell transplantation after second-line brentuximab vedotin in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"Herrera AF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herrera AF, Palmer J, Martin P, et al.. Autologous stem-cell transplantation after second-line brentuximab vedotin in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2018, 29:724-30. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdx791","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-10-811224","article-title":"Interim results of brentuximab vedotin in combination with nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"131","author":"Herrera AF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herrera AF, Moskowitz AJ, Bartlett NL, et al.. Interim results of brentuximab vedotin in combination with nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2018, 131:1183-94. 10.1182\/blood-2017-10-811224","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz009","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin and ESHAP is highly effective as second-line therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma patients (long-term results of a trial by the Spanish GELTAMO Group)","volume":"30","author":"Garcia-Sanz R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garcia-Sanz R, Sureda A, de la Cruz F, et al.. Brentuximab vedotin and ESHAP is highly effective as second-line therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma patients (long-term results of a trial by the Spanish GELTAMO Group). Ann Oncol. 2019, 30:612-20. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdz009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70501-1","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin combined with ABVD or AVD for patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study","volume":"14","author":"Younes A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Younes A, Connors JM, Park SI, et al.. Brentuximab vedotin combined with ABVD or AVD for patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study. Lancet Oncol. 2013, 14:1348-56. 10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70501-1","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-05-784678","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of brentuximab vedotin combined with ABVD or AVD for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"130","author":"Connors JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Connors JM, Ansell SM, Fanale M, Park SI, Younes A. Five-year follow-up of brentuximab vedotin combined with ABVD or AVD for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2017, 130:1375-7. 10.1182\/blood-2017-05-784678","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708984","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"378","author":"Connors JM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Connors JM, Jurczak W, Straus DJ, et al.. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018, 378:331-44. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1708984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001272","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine for nonbulky limited-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"134","author":"Abramson JS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abramson JS, Arnason JE, LaCasce AS, et al.. Brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine for nonbulky limited-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2019, 134:606-13. 10.1182\/blood.2019001272","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Brentuximab vedotin. Seattle Genetics. (2019). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2019\/125388s100lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-189112000-00015","article-title":"II. Contribution to the knowledge of sarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Coley WB","year":"1891","unstructured":"Coley WB. II. Contribution to the knowledge of sarcoma. Ann Surg. 1891, 14:199-220. 10.1097\/00000658-189112000-00015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-189305000-00001","article-title":"The treatment of malignant tmors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases","volume":"105","author":"Coley WB","year":"1893","unstructured":"Coley WB. The treatment of malignant tmors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: with a report of ten original cases. Am J Med Sci. 1893, 105:487-511. 10.1097\/00000441-189305000-00001","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"The toxins of William B. Coley and the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas","volume":"26","author":"McCarthy EF","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCarthy EF. The toxins of William B. Coley and the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Iowa Orthop J. 2006, 26:154-8.","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0006-z","article-title":"Delivery technologies for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Riley RS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riley RS, June CH, Langer R, Mitchell MJ. Delivery technologies for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019, 18:175-96. 10.1038\/s41573-018-0006-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83871","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy: harnessing the immune system to battle cancer","volume":"125","author":"Yang Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Y. Cancer immunotherapy: harnessing the immune system to battle cancer. J Clin Invest. 2015, 125:3335-7. 10.1172\/JCI83871","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Ipilimumab. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.. (2011). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2011\/125377s0000lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"Nivolumab. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.. (2014). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/125554lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"Pembrolizumab. Merck &amp; Co., INC. (2014). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/125514lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"372","author":"Ansell SM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ansell SM, Lesokhin AM, Borrello I, et al.. PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015, 372:311-9. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.0793","article-title":"Nivolumab for relapsed\/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: extended follow-up of the multicohort single-arm phase II CheckMate 205 trial","volume":"36","author":"Armand P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Armand P, Engert A, Younes A, et al.. Nivolumab for relapsed\/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: extended follow-up of the multicohort single-arm phase II CheckMate 205 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018, 36:1428-39. 10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.0793","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"Nivolumab. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (2016). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2016\/125554s022lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00315","article-title":"Nivolumab for newly diagnosed advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma: safety and efficacy in the phase II CheckMate 205 study","volume":"37","author":"Ramchandren R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramchandren R, Domingo-Dom\u00e8nech E, Rueda A, et al.. Nivolumab for newly diagnosed advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma: safety and efficacy in the phase II CheckMate 205 study. J Clin Oncol. 2019, 37:1997-2007. 10.1200\/JCO.19.00315","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Pembrolizumab. Merck &amp; Co.. (2017). Accessed. November 14, 2022: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/125514s024lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.1316","article-title":"Phase II study of the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for relapsed\/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Chen R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen R, Zinzani PL, Fanale MA, et al.. Phase II study of the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for relapsed\/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017, 35:2125-32. 10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.1316","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000324","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 2-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-087","volume":"134","author":"Chen R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen R, Zinzani PL, Lee HJ, et al.. Pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 2-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-087. Blood. 2019, 134:1144-53. 10.1182\/blood.2019000324","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00005-X","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus brentuximab vedotin in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (KEYNOTE-204): an interim analysis of a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"22","author":"Kuruvilla J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuruvilla J, Ramchandren R, Santoro A, et al.. Pembrolizumab versus brentuximab vedotin in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (KEYNOTE-204): an interim analysis of a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021, 22:512-24. 10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00005-X","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/104589-a-review-of-hodgkin-lymphoma-in-the-era-of-checkpoint-inhibitors","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:03:52Z","timestamp":1707509032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/104589-a-review-of-hodgkin-lymphoma-in-the-era-of-checkpoint-inhibitors"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.41660","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]}}}