{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:05:24Z","timestamp":1793156724433,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.42470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T08:19:05Z","timestamp":1690359545000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exploring the Role of Vitamin D in Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Events: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shubham","family":"Khanolkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Hirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sauvik","family":"Vardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoyeb","family":"Hirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur","family":"Wanjari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Libby P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Libby P, Buring JE, Badimon L, et al.. Atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019, 5:56. 10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","author":"Pahwa R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pahwa R, Jialal I. Atherosclerosis. StatPearls, Treasure Island, FL; 2023."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-117","article-title":"Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Frosteg\u00e5rd J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frosteg\u00e5rd J. Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. BMC Med. 2013, 11:117. 10.1186\/1741-7015-11-117","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2010.00668.x","article-title":"Vitamin D hormone: a multitude of actions potentially influencing the physical function decline in older persons","volume":"11","author":"Cesari M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cesari M, Incalzi RA, Zamboni V, Pahor M. Vitamin D hormone: a multitude of actions potentially influencing the physical function decline in older persons. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2011, 11:133-142. 10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2010.00668.x","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Overview of vitamin D","author":"Institute of Medicine of the National Academies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Overview of vitamin D. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Valle HBD (ed): National Academies Press, Washington D.C.; 2011. 1:75-124."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24494","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D: a global perspective for health","volume":"5","author":"Wacker M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wacker M, Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D: a global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013, 5:51-108. 10.4161\/derm.24494","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12349","article-title":"Vitamin D status in the tropics: Is sunlight exposure the main determinant?","volume":"43","author":"Mendes MM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mendes MM, Hart KH, Botelho PB, Lanham-New SA. Vitamin D status in the tropics: Is sunlight exposure the main determinant?. Nutr Bull. 2018, 43:428-434. 10.1111\/nbu.12349","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications","volume":"21","author":"Bikle DD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chem Biol. 2014, 21:319-329. 10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0020-y","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D: skeletal and extraskeletal health","volume":"10","author":"Khazai N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khazai N, Judd SE, Tangpricha V. Calcium and vitamin D: skeletal and extraskeletal health. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2008, 10:110-117. 10.1007\/s11926-008-0020-y","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31821b8755","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system","volume":"59","author":"Aranow C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aranow C. Vitamin D and the immune system. J Investig Med. 2011, 59:881-886. 10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31821b8755","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061618","article-title":"Role of vitamin D beyond the skeletal function: a review of the molecular and clinical studies","volume":"19","author":"Umar M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Umar M, Sastry KS, Chouchane AI. Role of vitamin D beyond the skeletal function: a review of the molecular and clinical studies. Int J Mol Sci. 2018, 19:1618. 10.3390\/ijms19061618","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00094.x","article-title":"Vitamin D's role in cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"66","author":"Samuel S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samuel S, Sitrin MD. Vitamin D's role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Nutr Rev. 2008, 66:S116-S124. 10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00094.x","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/109275","article-title":"Links between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"2015","author":"Mozos I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mozos I, Marginean O. Links between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015:109275. 10.1155\/2015\/109275","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3336","article-title":"Low vitamin D is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in women with HIV","volume":"24","author":"Cheru LT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheru LT, Saylor CF, Fitch KV, et al.. Low vitamin D is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in women with HIV. Antivir Ther. 2019, 24:505-512. 10.3851\/IMP3336","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225811","article-title":"Correlation of vitamin D with inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerotic parameters, and lifestyle factors in the setting of heart failure: a 12-month follow-up study","volume":"20","author":"Roffe-Vazquez DN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roffe-Vazquez DN, Huerta-Delgado AS, Castillo EC, et al.. Correlation of vitamin D with inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerotic parameters, and lifestyle factors in the setting of heart failure: a 12-month follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci. 2019, 20:5811. 10.3390\/ijms20225811","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00194","article-title":"Vitamin D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"104","author":"Hiemstra TF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hiemstra TF, Lim K, Thadhani R, Manson JE. Vitamin D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019, 104:4033-4050. 10.1210\/jc.2019-00194","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2011-068","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: the early predictor of atherosclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Mudau M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mudau M, Genis A, Lochner A, Strijdom H. Endothelial dysfunction: the early predictor of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012, 23:222-231. 10.5830\/CVJA-2011-068","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020172","article-title":"Vitamin D and its role in the lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Surdu AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Surdu AM, P\u00eenzariu O, Ciobanu DM, et al.. Vitamin D and its role in the lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis\r\n. Biomedicines. 2021, 9:172. 10.3390\/biomedicines9020172","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.007","article-title":"Modulation of inflammatory and immune responses by vitamin D","volume":"85","author":"Colotta F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colotta F, Jansson B, Bonelli F. Modulation of inflammatory and immune responses by vitamin D. J Autoimmun. 2017, 85:78-97. 10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.007","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222313","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in increasing circulating T regulatory cell numbers and modulating T regulatory cell phenotypes in patients with inflammatory disease or in healthy volunteers: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Fisher SA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fisher SA, Rahimzadeh M, Brierley C, et al.. The role of vitamin D in increasing circulating T regulatory cell numbers and modulating T regulatory cell phenotypes in patients with inflammatory disease or in healthy volunteers: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0222313. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0222313","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1079668","article-title":"The emerging role of Th1 cells in atherosclerosis and its implications for therapy","volume":"13","author":"Chen J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Xiang X, Nie L, et al.. The emerging role of Th1 cells in atherosclerosis and its implications for therapy. Front Immunol. 2022, 13:1079668. 10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1079668","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2025734","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Dhawan M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dhawan M, Priyanka, Choudhary OP. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022, 18:2025734. 10.1080\/21645515.2022.2025734","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020575","article-title":"Vitamin D and endothelial function","volume":"12","author":"Kim DH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim DH, Meza CA, Clarke H, Kim JS, Hickner RC. Vitamin D and endothelial function. Nutrients. 2020, 12:575. 10.3390\/nu12020575","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01568","article-title":"Role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the link between inflammation and hydrogen sulfide","volume":"10","author":"Sun HJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Bian JS. Role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the link between inflammation and hydrogen sulfide. Front Pharmacol. 2019, 10:1568. 10.3389\/fphar.2019.01568","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030769","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress","volume":"15","author":"Renke G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Renke G, Starling-Soares B, Baesso T, Petronio R, Aguiar D, Paes R. Effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress. Nutrients. 2023, 15:769. 10.3390\/nu15030769","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2022.11.3.229","article-title":"Beneficial role of vitamin d on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"11","author":"Sen A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sen A, Vincent V, Thakkar H, Abraham R, Ramakrishnan L. Beneficial role of vitamin d on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular diseases. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2022, 11:229-249. 10.12997\/jla.2022.11.3.229","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.602532","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace","volume":"113","author":"F\u00f6rstermann U","year":"2006","unstructured":"F\u00f6rstermann U, M\u00fcnzel T. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace. Circulation. 2006, 113:1708-1714. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.602532","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis","author":"Linton MF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Linton MF, Yancey PG, Davies SS, et al.. The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. Endotext. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al. (ed): MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth, MA; 2000. 1:"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040775","article-title":"Vitamin D counteracts lipid accumulation, augments free fatty acid-induced ABCA1 and CPT-1A expression while reducing CD36 and C\/EBP\u03b2 protein levels in monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Marino M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marino M, Venturi S, Del Bo' C, M\u00f8ller P, Riso P, Porrini M. Vitamin D counteracts lipid accumulation, augments free fatty acid-induced ABCA1 and CPT-1A expression while reducing CD36 and C\/EBP\u03b2 protein levels in monocyte-derived macrophages. Biomedicines. 2022, 10:775. 10.3390\/biomedicines10040775","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins","author":"Feingold KR","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feingold KR. Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins. Endotext. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al. (ed): MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth, MA; 2000. 1:"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302721","article-title":"Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture","volume":"114","author":"Bentzon JF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, Falk E. Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circ Res. 2014, 114:1852-1866. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302721","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181aaee91","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk for cardiovascular disease","volume":"338","author":"Judd SE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Judd SE, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D deficiency and risk for cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci. 2009, 338:40-44. 10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181aaee91","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1870","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular disease risks in more than 83000 individuals in 21 randomized clinical trials: a meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Barbarawi M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbarawi M, Kheiri B, Zayed Y, et al.. Vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular disease risks in more than 83000 individuals in 21 randomized clinical trials: a meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol. 2019, 4:765-776. 10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1870","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"117","author":"Wang TJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, et al.. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008, 117:503-511. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-075230","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and major cardiovascular events: D-Health randomised controlled trial","volume":"381","author":"Thompson B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thompson B, Waterhouse M, English DR, et al.. Vitamin D supplementation and major cardiovascular events: D-Health randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2023, 381:e075230. 10.1136\/bmj-2023-075230","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00263-1","article-title":"Estimating dose-response relationships for vitamin D with coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality: observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses","volume":"9","author":"Sofianopoulou E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sofianopoulou E, Kaptoge SK, Afzal S, et al.. Estimating dose-response relationships for vitamin D with coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality: observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021, 9:837-846. 10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00263-1","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-1236-7","article-title":"The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"19","author":"Gholami F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gholami F, Moradi G, Zareei B, Rasouli MA, Nikkhoo B, Roshani D, Ghaderi E. The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019, 19:248. 10.1186\/s12872-019-1236-7","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103603","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Cosentino N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cosentino N, Campodonico J, Milazzo V, De Metrio M, Brambilla M, Camera M, Marenzi G. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: current evidence and future perspectives. Nutrients. 2021, 13:10.3390\/nu13103603","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110649","article-title":"Emerging role of vitamin D and its associated molecules in pathways related to pathogenesis of thrombosis","volume":"9","author":"Mohammad S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammad S, Mishra A, Ashraf MZ. Emerging role of vitamin D and its associated molecules in pathways related to pathogenesis of thrombosis. Biomolecules. 2019, 9:649. 10.3390\/biom9110649","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2009.02.014","article-title":"The renin angiotensin aldosterone system in hypertension: roles of insulin resistance and oxidative stress","volume":"93","author":"Manrique C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manrique C, Lastra G, Gardner M, Sowers JR. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system in hypertension: roles of insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Med Clin North Am. 2009, 93:569-582. 10.1016\/j.mcna.2009.02.014","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-018-0094-4","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Kheiri B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kheiri B, Abdalla A, Osman M, Ahmed S, Hassan M, Bachuwa G. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review. Clin Hypertens. 2018, 24:9. 10.1186\/s40885-018-0094-4","journal-title":"Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186483","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Latic N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Latic N, Erben RG. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Int J Mol Sci. 2020, 21:6483. 10.3390\/ijms21186483","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-010-0092-0","article-title":"Role of vitamin d supplementation in hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Goel RK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goel RK, Lal H. Role of vitamin d supplementation in hypertension. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2011, 26:88-90. 10.1007\/s12291-010-0092-0","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz037","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Dibaba DT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dibaba DT. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2019, 77:890-902. 10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz037","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S63898","article-title":"Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases","volume":"7","author":"Yin K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yin K, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2014, 7:69-87. 10.2147\/JIR.S63898","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1279679","article-title":"Vitamin D: popular cardiovascular supplement but benefit must be evaluated","volume":"20","author":"Whayne TF Jr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whayne TF Jr. Vitamin D: popular cardiovascular supplement but benefit must be evaluated. Int J Angiol. 2011, 20:63-72. 10.1055\/s-0031-1279679","journal-title":"Int J Angiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0637-2","article-title":"Vitamin D, calcium, and cardiovascular disease: a\"D\"vantageous or \"D\"etrimental? An era of uncertainty","volume":"19","author":"Chin K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chin K, Appel LJ, Michos ED. Vitamin D, calcium, and cardiovascular disease: a\"D\"vantageous or \"D\"etrimental? An era of uncertainty. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2017, 19:5. 10.1007\/s11883-017-0637-2","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0432","article-title":"Vitamin D testing and treatment: a narrative review of current evidence","volume":"8","author":"Pilz S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pilz S, Zittermann A, Trummer C, et al.. Vitamin D testing and treatment: a narrative review of current evidence. Endocr Connect. 2019, 8:R27-R43. 10.1530\/EC-18-0432","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/172396-exploring-the-role-of-vitamin-d-in-atherosclerosis-and-its-impact-on-cardiovascular-events-a-comprehensive-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:01:52Z","timestamp":1707508912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/172396-exploring-the-role-of-vitamin-d-in-atherosclerosis-and-its-impact-on-cardiovascular-events-a-comprehensive-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.42470","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]}}}