{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:15:01Z","timestamp":1792080901122,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.43464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T09:58:55Z","timestamp":1692007135000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Review of Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Neisseria gonorrhoeae"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kajal","family":"Mahapure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5354-5363.2000","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae elicits membrane ruffling and cytoskeletal rearrangements upon infection of primary human endocervical and ectocervical cells","volume":"68","author":"Edwards JL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Edwards JL, Shao JQ, Ault KA, Apicella MA. Neisseria gonorrhoeae elicits membrane ruffling and cytoskeletal rearrangements upon infection of primary human endocervical and ectocervical cells. Infect Immun. 2000, 68:5354-63. 10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5354-5363.2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/indices\/136.2.248","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of cervical gonorrhea","volume":"136","author":"Evans BA","year":"1977","unstructured":"Evans BA. Ultrastructural study of cervical gonorrhea. J Infect Dis. 1977, 136:248-55. 10.1093\/indices\/136.2.248","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw288","article-title":"The novel 2016 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations: phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization","volume":"71","author":"Unemo M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unemo M, Golparian D, S\u00e1nchez-Bus\u00f3 L, et al.. The novel 2016 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations: phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016, 71:3096-108. 10.1093\/jac\/dkw288","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting","volume":"10","author":"Newman L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, et al.. Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0143304. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.002","article-title":"Population genomics: diversity and virulence in the Neisseria","volume":"11","author":"Maiden MC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maiden MC. Population genomics: diversity and virulence in the Neisseria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008, 11:467-71. 10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.965-981.2004","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms used by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to initiate infection differ between men and women","volume":"17","author":"Edwards JL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edwards JL, Apicella MA. The molecular mechanisms used by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to initiate infection differ between men and women. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004, 17:965-81, table of contents. 10.1128\/CMR.17.4.965-981.2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.05.077","article-title":"Gonorrhea: update","volume":"101","author":"Little JW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Little JW. Gonorrhea: update. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006, 101:137-43. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.05.077","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10451.x","article-title":"Etiology and diagnosis of neonatal conjunctivitis","volume":"76","author":"Sandstr\u00f6m I","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sandstr\u00f6m I. Etiology and diagnosis of neonatal conjunctivitis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1987, 76:221-7. 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10451.x","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0049-0172(81)80002-9","article-title":"Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and gonococcal arthritis (GCA): II. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention","volume":"10","author":"Masi AT","year":"1981","unstructured":"Masi AT, Eisenstein BI. Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and gonococcal arthritis (GCA): II. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1981, 10:173-97. 10.1016\/s0049-0172(81)80002-9","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.07.003","article-title":"Gonococcal arthritis (disseminated gonococcal infection)","volume":"19","author":"Rice PA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rice PA. Gonococcal arthritis (disseminated gonococcal infection). Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005, 19:853-61. 10.1016\/j.idc.2005.07.003","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)02190-9","article-title":"Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. AIDSCAP Malawi Research Group","volume":"349","author":"Cohen MS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohen MS, Hoffman IF, Royce RA. Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. AIDSCAP Malawi Research Group. Lancet. 1997, 349:1868-73. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)02190-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.065","article-title":"Characterization of a peptide vaccine candidate mimicking an oligosaccharide epitope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and resultant immune responses and function","volume":"24","author":"Ngampasutadol J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ngampasutadol J, Rice PA, Walsh MT, Gulati S. Characterization of a peptide vaccine candidate mimicking an oligosaccharide epitope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and resultant immune responses and function. Vaccine. 2006, 24:157-70. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.065","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Gonorrhea Statistics. (2022). Accessed. July 31, 2023: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/gonorrhea\/stats.htm."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.19.1.332-340.1978","article-title":"Studies on gonococcus infection. XIII. Occurrence of color\/opacity colonial variants in clinical cultures","volume":"19","author":"James JF","year":"1978","unstructured":"James JF, Swanson J. Studies on gonococcus infection. XIII. Occurrence of color\/opacity colonial variants in clinical cultures. Infect Immun. 1978, 19:332-40. 10.1128\/iai.19.1.332-340.1978","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03193.x","article-title":"Competence for natural transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: components of DNA binding and uptake linked to type IV pilus expression","volume":"46","author":"Aas FE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aas FE, Wolfgang M, Frye S, Dunham S, L\u00f8vold C, Koomey M. Competence for natural transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: components of DNA binding and uptake linked to type IV pilus expression. Mol Microbiol. 2002, 46:749-60. 10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03193.x","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (2022). Accessed. July 31, 2023: https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/tag\/neisseria-gonorrhoeae\/."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06215.x","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: origin, evolution, and lessons learned for the future","volume":"1230","author":"Unemo M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unemo M, Shafer WM. Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: origin, evolution, and lessons learned for the future. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011, 1230:E19-28. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06215.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1029-2","article-title":"Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhoea - the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge","volume":"15","author":"Unemo M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Unemo M. Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhoea - the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge. BMC Infect Dis. 2015, 15:364. 10.1186\/s12879-015-1029-2","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5758387","article-title":"Extragenital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae: a review of the literature","volume":"2016","author":"Chan PA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan PA, Robinette A, Montgomery M, et al.. Extragenital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae: a review of the literature. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2016, 2016:5758387. 10.1155\/2016\/5758387","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Gonorrhea","author":"Springer C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Springer C, Salen P. Gonorrhea. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy271","article-title":"A brief history of evolving diagnostics and therapy for gonorrhea: lessons learned","volume":"67","author":"Hook EW 3rd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hook EW 3rd, Kirkcaldy RD. A brief history of evolving diagnostics and therapy for gonorrhea: lessons learned. Clin Infect Dis. 2018, 67:1294-9. 10.1093\/cid\/ciy271","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). (1982). Accessed. July 21, 2023: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/default.htm."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (2012). Accessed: July 31, 2023: https:\/\/clinmicronow.org\/doi\/book\/10.1128\/9781683670438.MCM."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology. (2022). Accessed. July 31, 2023: https:\/\/clinmicronow.org\/doi\/book\/10.1128\/9781683670438.MCM."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.1.22","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for epidemiology and therapy","volume":"6","author":"Fekete T","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fekete T. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for epidemiology and therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993, 6:22-33. 10.1128\/CMR.6.1.22","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318225f7c2","article-title":"Comparison of methylene blue\/gentian violet stain to Gram's stain for the rapid diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men","volume":"38","author":"Taylor SN","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taylor SN, DiCarlo RP, Martin DH. Comparison of methylene blue\/gentian violet stain to Gram's stain for the rapid diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men. Sex Transm Dis. 2011, 38:995-6. 10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318225f7c2","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30310-9","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead","volume":"17","author":"Unemo M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, et al.. Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017, 17:235-79. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30310-9","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120213-092007","article-title":"The genetics of Neisseria species","volume":"48","author":"Rotman E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rotman E, Seifert HS. The genetics of Neisseria species. Annu Rev Genet. 2014, 48:405-31. 10.1146\/annurev-genet-120213-092007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.160721","article-title":"Performance of tests for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"141","author":"Kulkarni S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kulkarni S, Bala M, Risbud A. Performance of tests for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Indian J Med Res. 2015, 141:833-5. 10.4103\/0971-5916.160721","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2006.050045","article-title":"Nucleic acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ongoing challenge","volume":"8","author":"Whiley DM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whiley DM, Tapsall JW, Sloots TP. Nucleic acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ongoing challenge. J Mol Diagn. 2006, 8:3-15. 10.2353\/jmoldx.2006.050045","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Gonorrhea guide. Key information and resources. (2022). Accessed: July 31, 2023: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/infectious-diseases\/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections\/can...."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbe.10.103.1","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnostic testing in global health: what is the point?","volume":"10","author":"Pai N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pai N, Ghiasi M, Pai M. Point-of-care diagnostic testing in global health: what is the point?. Microbe Magazine. 2015, 10:103-7. 10.1128\/microbe.10.103.1","journal-title":"Microbe Magazine"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001306","article-title":"Point-of-care testing for infectious diseases: diversity, complexity, and barriers in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"9","author":"Pai NP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pai NP, Vadnais C, Denkinger C, Engel N, Pai M. Point-of-care testing for infectious diseases: diversity, complexity, and barriers in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Med. 2012, 9:e1001306. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001306","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"64","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015, 64:1-137.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4386127","article-title":"A systematic review of point of care testing for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"2016","author":"Herbst de Cortina S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herbst de Cortina S, Bristow CC, Joseph Davey D, Klausner JD. A systematic review of point of care testing for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2016, 2016:4386127. 10.1155\/2016\/4386127","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6507a1","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance - The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 27 Sites, United States, 2014","volume":"65","author":"Kirkcaldy RD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirkcaldy RD, Harvey A, Papp JR, et al.. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance - The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 27 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2016, 65:1-19. 10.15585\/mmwr.ss6507a1","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0009-2015","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance expressed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a major global public health problem in the 21st century","volume":"4","author":"Unemo M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unemo M, Del Rio C, Shafer WM. Antimicrobial resistance expressed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a major global public health problem in the 21st century. Microbiol Spectr. 2016, 4:1-18. 10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0009-2015","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/174874-a-review-of-recent-advances-in-our-understanding-of-neisseria-gonorrhoeae","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T14:52:24Z","timestamp":1707490344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/174874-a-review-of-recent-advances-in-our-understanding-of-neisseria-gonorrhoeae"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.43464","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]}}}