{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:07:24Z","timestamp":1788570444319,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.43767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T21:28:10Z","timestamp":1692480490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Psychological Impact of Vitiligo in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alkhowailed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatim M","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A","family":"Alshwieer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alwaleed   K","family":"Alazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaf M","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz F","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: a review","volume":"236","author":"Bergqvist C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: a review. Dermatology. 2020, 236:571-92. 10.1159\/000506103","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x","article-title":"A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children\/adolescents and adults","volume":"51","author":"Kr\u00fcger C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger C, Schallreuter KU. A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children\/adolescents and adults. Int J Dermatol. 2012, 51:1206-12. 10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13198","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with vitiligo: an analysis of the dermatology life quality index outcome over the past two decades","volume":"55","author":"Amer AA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amer AA, Gao XH. Quality of life in patients with vitiligo: an analysis of the dermatology life quality index outcome over the past two decades. Int J Dermatol. 2016, 55:608-14. 10.1111\/ijd.13198","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.11.005","article-title":"Vitiligo: patient stories, self-esteem, and the psychological burden of disease","volume":"4","author":"Grimes PE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grimes PE, Miller MM. Vitiligo: patient stories, self-esteem, and the psychological burden of disease. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2018, 4:32-7. 10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.11.005","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.002","article-title":"Quality of life, burden of disease, co-morbidities, and systemic effects in vitiligo patients","volume":"35","author":"Elbuluk N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elbuluk N, Ezzedine K. Quality of life, burden of disease, co-morbidities, and systemic effects in vitiligo patients. Dermatol Clin. 2017, 35:117-28. 10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.002","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S33276","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with skin diseases in central Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Abolfotouh MA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abolfotouh MA, Al-Khowailed MS, Suliman WE, Al-Turaif DA, Al-Bluwi E, Al-Kahtani HS. Quality of life in patients with skin diseases in central Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med. 2012, 5:633-42. 10.2147\/IJGM.S33276","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Comparing Quality of Life in Global Vitiligo Populations. The University of Arizona. (2021). Accessed. May 24, 2023: https:\/\/repository.arizona.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/10150\/626905\/WelbournB_Poster.pdf?sequence=3&amp;isAllowed=y."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2014.14110","article-title":"The prevalence of anxiety and depression in Arab dermatology patients","volume":"19","author":"AlShahwan MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"AlShahwan MA. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in Arab dermatology patients. J Cutan Med Surg. 2015, 19:297-303. 10.2310\/7750.2014.14110","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2020.32.108-111","article-title":"Identifying patients at higher risk of depression among patients with vitiligo at outpatient setting","volume":"32","author":"Alharbi MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alharbi MA. Identifying patients at higher risk of depression among patients with vitiligo at outpatient setting. Mater Sociomed. 2020, 32:108-11. 10.5455\/msm.2020.32.108-111","journal-title":"Mater Sociomed"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2021.42.6.20200833","article-title":"Quality of life in vitiligo patients in central Saudi Arabia","volume":"42","author":"Al-Shammari SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Shammari SA, Alotaibi HM, Assiri MA, Altokhais MI, Alotaibi MS, Alkhowailed MS. Quality of life in vitiligo patients in central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2021, 42:682-7. 10.15537\/smj.2021.42.6.20200833","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0037-5","article-title":"Quality of life in family members of vitiligo patients: a questionnaire study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Bin Saif GA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bin Saif GA, Al-Balbeesi AO, Binshabaib R, Alsaad D, Kwatra SG, Alzolibani AA, Yosipovitch G. Quality of life in family members of vitiligo patients: a questionnaire study in Saudi Arabia. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013, 14:489-95. 10.1007\/s40257-013-0037-5","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life in Saudi patients with vitiligo in a medical school in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"28","author":"Al Robaee AA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al Robaee AA. Assessment of quality of life in Saudi patients with vitiligo in a medical school in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2007, 28:1414-7.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Survey Sampling","author":"Kish L","year":"1965","unstructured":"Kish L. Survey Sampling. Encyclopedia of Psychology. Kazdin AE (ed): John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York; 1965. 78-94."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23621.x","article-title":"Translating the science of quality of life into practice: what do dermatology life quality index scores mean?","volume":"125","author":"Hongbo Y","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hongbo Y, Thomas CL, Harrison MA, Salek MS, Finlay AY. Translating the science of quality of life into practice: what do dermatology life quality index scores mean?. J Invest Dermatol. 2005, 125:659-64. 10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23621.x","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","article-title":"Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)--a simple practical measure for routine clinical use","volume":"19","author":"Finlay AY","year":"1994","unstructured":"Finlay AY, Khan GK. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)--a simple practical measure for routine clinical use. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994, 19:210-6. 10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(02)00237-9","article-title":"Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians' diagnoses","volume":"78","author":"L\u00f6we B","year":"2004","unstructured":"L\u00f6we B, Spitzer RL, Gr\u00e4fe K, et al.. Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians' diagnoses. J Affect Disord. 2004, 78:131-40. 10.1016\/s0165-0327(02)00237-9","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001, 16:606-13. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14739","article-title":"The prevalence and odds of depression in patients with vitiligo: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Wang G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang G, Qiu D, Yang H, Liu W. The prevalence and odds of depression in patients with vitiligo: a meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018, 32:1343-51. 10.1111\/jdv.14739","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00631-6","article-title":"Psychosocial effects of vitiligo: a systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Ezzedine K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ezzedine K, Eleftheriadou V, Jones H, Bibeau K, Kuo FI, Sturm D, Pandya AG. Psychosocial effects of vitiligo: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021, 22:757-74. 10.1007\/s40257-021-00631-6","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18129","article-title":"The humanistic burden of vitiligo: a systematic literature review of quality-of-life outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Picardo M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Picardo M, Huggins RH, Jones H, Marino R, Ogunsola M, Seneschal J. The humanistic burden of vitiligo: a systematic literature review of quality-of-life outcomes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022, 36:1507-23. 10.1111\/jdv.18129","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp08X263794","article-title":"Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care","volume":"58","author":"Cameron IM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cameron IM, Crawford JR, Lawton K, Reid IC. Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2008, 58:32-6. 10.3399\/bjgp08X263794","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X454070","article-title":"Comparison of two self-rating scales to detect depression: HADS and PHQ-9","volume":"59","author":"Hansson M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hansson M, Chotai J, Nordst\u00f6m A, Bodlund O. Comparison of two self-rating scales to detect depression: HADS and PHQ-9. Br J Gen Pract. 2009, 59:e283-8. 10.3399\/bjgp09X454070","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2010.550059","article-title":"Psychometric comparison of the PHQ-9 and BDI-II for measuring response during treatment of depression","volume":"40","author":"Titov N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Titov N, Dear BF, McMillan D, Anderson T, Zou J, Sunderland M. Psychometric comparison of the PHQ-9 and BDI-II for measuring response during treatment of depression. Cogn Behav Ther. 2011, 40:126-36. 10.1080\/16506073.2010.550059","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.08.017","article-title":"Comparing the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression measures in an integrated mood disorders practice","volume":"145","author":"Kung S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kung S, Alarcon RD, Williams MD, Poppe KA, Jo Moore M, Frye MA. Comparing the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression measures in an integrated mood disorders practice. J Affect Disord. 2013, 145:341-3. 10.1016\/j.jad.2012.08.017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2014.14002","article-title":"Treatment of vitiligo patients by excimer laser improves patients' quality of life","volume":"19","author":"Al-Shobaili HA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Shobaili HA. Treatment of vitiligo patients by excimer laser improves patients' quality of life. J Cutan Med Surg. 2015, 19:50-6. 10.2310\/7750.2014.14002","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448656","article-title":"Quality of life impairment in children and adults with vitiligo: a cross-sectional study based on dermatology-specific and disease-specific quality of life instruments","volume":"232","author":"Catucci Boza J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catucci Boza J, Giongo N, Machado P, Horn R, Fabbrin A, Cestari T. Quality of life impairment in children and adults with vitiligo: a cross-sectional study based on dermatology-specific and disease-specific quality of life instruments. Dermatology. 2016, 232:619-25. 10.1159\/000448656","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13459","article-title":"Cosmetic camouflage as an adjuvant to vitiligo therapies: effect on quality of life","volume":"20","author":"Bassiouny D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bassiouny D, Hegazy R, Esmat S, et al.. Cosmetic camouflage as an adjuvant to vitiligo therapies: effect on quality of life. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021, 20:159-65. 10.1111\/jocd.13459","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2016.16.02.013","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and stress among Saudi Arabian dermatology patients: cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Ahmed AE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed AE, Al-Dahmash AM, Al-Boqami QT, Al-Tebainawi YF. Depression, anxiety and stress among Saudi Arabian dermatology patients: cross-sectional study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2016, 16:e217-23. 10.18295\/squmj.2016.16.02.013","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01139.x","article-title":"Vitiligo: a review of the published work","volume":"38","author":"Yaghoobi R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaghoobi R, Omidian M, Bagherani N. Vitiligo: a review of the published work. J Dermatol. 2011, 38:419-31. 10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01139.x","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.927","article-title":"Association between vitiligo extent and distribution and quality-of-life impairment","volume":"149","author":"Silverberg JI","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silverberg JI, Silverberg NB. Association between vitiligo extent and distribution and quality-of-life impairment. JAMA Dermatol. 2013, 149:159-64. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.927","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/177973-the-psychological-impact-of-vitiligo-in-saudi-arabia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:00:08Z","timestamp":1707508808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/177973-the-psychological-impact-of-vitiligo-in-saudi-arabia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.43767","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]}}}