{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:46:13Z","timestamp":1774583173625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T13:54:10Z","timestamp":1693835650000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Prospective Observational Study Analyzing the Analgesic Efficacy of Caudal Block and Nerve Stimulator-Guided Pudendal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Repair"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Hayaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anga","family":"Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a8ee52","article-title":"The effectiveness of pudendal nerve block versus caudal block anesthesia for hypospadias in children","volume":"117","author":"Naja ZM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naja ZM, Ziade FM, Kamel R, El-Kayali S, Daoud N, El-Rajab MA. The effectiveness of pudendal nerve block versus caudal block anesthesia for hypospadias in children. Anesth Analg. 2013, 117:1401-7. 10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a8ee52","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2015.12.002","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of hypospadias","volume":"12","author":"Springer A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Springer A, van Den Heijkant M, Baumann S. Worldwide prevalence of hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol. 2016, 12:152.e1-7.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj177039","article-title":"Hypospadias surgery in children: improved service model of enhanced recovery pathway and dedicated surgical team","volume":"24","author":"Wong YS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong YS, Pang KK, Tam YH. Hypospadias surgery in children: improved service model of enhanced recovery pathway and dedicated surgical team. Hong Kong Med J. 2018, 24:238-44. 10.12809\/hkmj177039","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13490","article-title":"Do caudal blocks cause complications following hypospadias surgery in children?","volume":"71","author":"Ayob F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ayob F, Arnold R. Do caudal blocks cause complications following hypospadias surgery in children?. Anaesthesia. 2016, 71:759-63. 10.1111\/anae.13490","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198607000-00016","article-title":"Postoperative pain relief after hypospadias repair in pediatric patients: regional analgesia versus systemic analgesics","volume":"65","author":"Blaise G","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blaise G, Roy WL. Postoperative pain relief after hypospadias repair in pediatric patients: regional analgesia versus systemic analgesics. Anesthesiology. 1986, 65:84-6. 10.1097\/00000542-198607000-00016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"[Postoperative analgesia following surgical correction of hypospadias] (Article in French)","volume":"30","author":"De Mey JC","year":"1996","unstructured":"De Mey JC, Brusselmans G, Rolly G. [Postoperative analgesia following surgical correction of hypospadias] (Article in French). Ann Urol (Paris). 1996, 30:192-6.","journal-title":"Ann Urol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-6725.91673","article-title":"Comparing caudal and penile nerve blockade using bupivacaine in hypospadias repair surgeries in children","volume":"8","author":"Seyedhejazi M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seyedhejazi M, Azerfarin R, Kazemi F, Amiri M. Comparing caudal and penile nerve blockade using bupivacaine in hypospadias repair surgeries in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2011, 8:294-7. 10.4103\/0189-6725.91673","journal-title":"Afr J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000447","article-title":"Pudendal versus caudal block in children undergoing hypospadias surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Kendigelen P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kendigelen P, Tutuncu AC, Emre S, Altindas F, Kaya G. Pudendal versus caudal block in children undergoing hypospadias surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016, 41:610-5. 10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000447","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03702.x","article-title":"Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block","volume":"22","author":"Kundra P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kundra P, Yuvaraj K, Agrawal K, Krishnappa S, Kumar LT. Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012, 22:707-12. 10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03702.x","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.062","article-title":"Comparison of intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes of caudal vs dorsal penile nerve blocks for outpatient penile surgeries","volume":"118","author":"Chan KH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan KH, Shah A, Moser EA, et al.. Comparison of intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes of caudal vs dorsal penile nerve blocks for outpatient penile surgeries. Urology. 2018, 118:164-71. 10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.062","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.31619","article-title":"Regional anesthesia is a good alternative to general anesthesia in pediatric surgery: experience in 1,554 children","volume":"37","author":"Uguralp S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Uguralp S, Mutus M, Koroglu A, Gurbuz N, Koltuksuz U, Demircan M. Regional anesthesia is a good alternative to general anesthesia in pediatric surgery: experience in 1,554 children. J Pediatr Surg. 2002, 37:610-3. 10.1053\/jpsu.2002.31619","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000446","article-title":"Are caudal blocks for pain control safe in children? an analysis of 18,650 caudal blocks from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN) database","volume":"120","author":"Suresh S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suresh S, Long J, Birmingham PK, De Oliveira GS Jr. Are caudal blocks for pain control safe in children? an analysis of 18,650 caudal blocks from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN) database. Anesth Analg. 2015, 120:151-6. 10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000446","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00647.x","article-title":"A comparison of single dose caudal tramadol, tramadol plus bupivacaine and bupivacaine administration for postoperative analgesia in children","volume":"11","author":"Gunduz M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gunduz M, Ozcengiz D, Ozbek H, Isik G. A comparison of single dose caudal tramadol, tramadol plus bupivacaine and bupivacaine administration for postoperative analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001, 11:323-6. 10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00647.x","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh028","article-title":"Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with caudal or intravenous clonidine in children undergoing hypospadias repair: a double-blind study","volume":"92","author":"Hansen TG","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hansen TG, Henneberg SW, Walther-Larsen S, Lund J, Hansen M. Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with caudal or intravenous clonidine in children undergoing hypospadias repair: a double-blind study. Br J Anaesth. 2004, 92:223-7. 10.1093\/bja\/aeh028","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg064","article-title":"Caudal additives in children--solutions or problems?","volume":"90","author":"de Beer DA","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Beer DA, Thomas ML. Caudal additives in children--solutions or problems?. Br J Anaesth. 2003, 90:487-98. 10.1093\/bja\/aeg064","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-002-0446-y","article-title":"[The choice of drugs for caudal anaesthesia in children. An overview] (Article in German)","volume":"52","author":"Marhofer P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marhofer P, Koinig H, Kapral S. [The choice of drugs for caudal anaesthesia in children. An overview] (Article in German). Anaesthesist. 2003, 52:55-67. 10.1007\/s00101-002-0446-y","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00941.x","article-title":"Clonidine addition prolongs the duration of caudal analgesia","volume":"50","author":"Yildiz TS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yildiz TS, Korkmaz F, Solak M, Toker K. Clonidine addition prolongs the duration of caudal analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006, 50:501-4. 10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00941.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2008\/JCPSP.601604","article-title":"Comparison of caudal bupivacaine and bupivacaine-tramadol for postoperative analgesia in children with hypospadias repair","volume":"18","author":"Khan S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khan S, Memon MI. Comparison of caudal bupivacaine and bupivacaine-tramadol for postoperative analgesia in children with hypospadias repair. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008, 18:601-4. 10.2008\/JCPSP.601604","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Caudal anaesthesia for postoperative pain relief in children: a comparative trial of different regimens using plain bupivacaine","volume":"71","author":"Coad NR","year":"1989","unstructured":"Coad NR, Hain WR. Caudal anaesthesia for postoperative pain relief in children: a comparative trial of different regimens using plain bupivacaine. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1989, 71:245-8.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000165275.39905.0d","article-title":"The effect of preemptive pudendal nerve blockade on pain after transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery","volume":"106","author":"Abramov Y","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abramov Y, Sand PK, Gandhi S, Botros SM, Miller JJ, Koh EK, Goldberg RP. The effect of preemptive pudendal nerve blockade on pain after transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 106:782-8. 10.1097\/01.AOG.0000165275.39905.0d","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018582","article-title":"Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain","volume":"52","author":"Naja Z","year":"2005","unstructured":"Naja Z, Ziade MF, L\u00f6nnqvist PA. Nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain. Can J Anaesth. 2005, 52:62-8. 10.1007\/BF03018582","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.11.006","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided pudendal block is a viable alternative to caudal block for hypospadias surgery: a single-surgeon pilot study","volume":"113","author":"Hecht S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hecht S, Pi\u00f1eda J, Bayne A. Ultrasound-guided pudendal block is a viable alternative to caudal block for hypospadias surgery: a single-surgeon pilot study. Urology. 2018, 113:192-6. 10.1016\/j.urology.2017.11.006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-0216-7","article-title":"Pudendal block with bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief","volume":"50","author":"Imbelloni LE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Imbelloni LE, Vieira EM, Gouveia MA, Netinho JG, Spirandelli LD, Cordeiro JA. Pudendal block with bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007, 50:1656-61. 10.1007\/s10350-007-0216-7","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x","article-title":"A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Naja Z","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naja Z, Al-Tannir MA, Faysal W, Daoud N, Ziade F, El-Rajab M. A comparison of pudendal block vs dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia. 2011, 66:802-7. 10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06753.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v0i0.4292","article-title":"Pudendal nerve block versus penile nerve block in children undergoing circumcision","volume":"15","author":"Tutuncu AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tutuncu AC, Kendigelen P, Ashyyeralyeva G, Altintas F, Emre S, Ozcan R, Kaya G. Pudendal nerve block versus penile nerve block in children undergoing circumcision. Urol J. 2018, 15:109-15. 10.22037\/uj.v0i0.4292","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103680","article-title":"Nerve stimulation guided bilateral pudendal nerve block versus landmark-based caudal block for hypospadias repair in young children: a prospective, randomized, pragmatic trial","volume":"47","author":"Choudhry DK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choudhry DK, Heredia L, Brenn BR, et al.. Nerve stimulation guided bilateral pudendal nerve block versus landmark-based caudal block for hypospadias repair in young children: a prospective, randomized, pragmatic trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022, 47:744-8. 10.1136\/rapm-2022-103680","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42077-021-00172-4","article-title":"Comparative study between ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block and caudal epidural block anesthesia in children undergoing hypospadias surgery","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed WA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed WA, Shokier MH, Kasem AA, El Aziz MH, Saed SG. Comparative study between ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block and caudal epidural block anesthesia in children undergoing hypospadias surgery. Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol. 2021, 13:1-8. 10.1186\/s42077-021-00172-4","journal-title":"Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.24.182.6446","article-title":"Postoperative analgesia in children when using clonidine in addition to fentanyl with bupivacaine given caudally","volume":"24","author":"Jarraya A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jarraya A, Elleuch S, Zouari J, Smaoui M, Laabidi S, Kolsi K. Postoperative analgesia in children when using clonidine in addition to fentanyl with bupivacaine given caudally. Pan Afr Med J. 2016, 24:182. 10.11604\/pamj.2016.24.182.6446","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/185228-a-prospective-observational-study-analyzing-the-analgesic-efficacy-of-caudal-block-and-nerve-stimulator-guided-pudendal-nerve-block-in-children-undergoing-hypospadias-repair","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:58:52Z","timestamp":1707508732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/185228-a-prospective-observational-study-analyzing-the-analgesic-efficacy-of-caudal-block-and-nerve-stimulator-guided-pudendal-nerve-block-in-children-undergoing-hypospadias-repair"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.44649","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]}}}