{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T21:00:30Z","timestamp":1781902830194,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T13:47:16Z","timestamp":1694180836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recent Clinical Studies on the Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and Janus Kinase\/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK\/STAT) Antibody Therapies in Refractory Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Stacy L","family":"Toriola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Satnarine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zareen","family":"Zohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ademiniyi","family":"Adelekun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kofi D","family":"Seffah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korlos","family":"Salib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Dardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purva","family":"Dahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Sri","family":"Penumetcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-5231(05)70413-5","article-title":"Etiology of sarcoidosis","volume":"1016","author":"Moller DR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Moller DR. Etiology of sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med. 1994, 1016:0272-5231. 10.1016\/s0272-5231(05)70413-5","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-564OT","article-title":"Disease burden and variability in sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Gerke AK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerke AK, Judson MA, Cozier YC, Culver DA, Koth LL. Disease burden and variability in sarcoidosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017, 14:S421-S428. 10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-564OT","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201511-760OC","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in America. Analysis based on health care use","volume":"13","author":"Baughman RP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baughman RP, Field S, Costabel U, et al.. Sarcoidosis in America. Analysis based on health care use. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016, 13:1244-1252. 10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201511-760OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100966","article-title":"Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis with a focus on cardiac, nervous system, and ocular involvement","volume":"37","author":"Belperio JA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belperio JA, Shaikh F, Abtin F, Fishbein MC, Saggar R, Tsui E, Lynch JP 3rd. Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis with a focus on cardiac, nervous system, and ocular involvement. EClinicalMedicine. 2021, 37:100966. 10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100966","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Cutaneous sarcoidosis: a dermatologic masquerader","volume":"65","author":"Katta R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katta R. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: a dermatologic masquerader. Am Fam Physician. 2002, 65:1581-1584.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.06.068","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: Are there differences in your skin of color patients?","volume":"66","author":"Heath CR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heath CR, David J, Taylor SC. Sarcoidosis: Are there differences in your skin of color patients?. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012, 66:121.e1-121.e14. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.06.068","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S192922","article-title":"Refractory sarcoidosis: a review","volume":"16","author":"El Jammal T","year":"2020","unstructured":"El Jammal T, Jamilloux Y, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Valeyre D, S\u00e8ve P. Refractory sarcoidosis: a review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020, 16:323-345. 10.2147\/TCRM.S192922","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.545413","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"11","author":"Gerke AK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gerke AK. Treatment of sarcoidosis: a multidisciplinary approach. Front Immunol. 2020, 11:545413. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.545413","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Adalimumab-responsive refractory sarcoidosis following multiple eyebrow tattoos: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Mirzaei A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirzaei A, Joharimoghadam MM, Zabihiyeganeh M. Adalimumab-responsive refractory sarcoidosis following multiple eyebrow tattoos: a case report. Tanaffos. 2017, 16:80-83.","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","article-title":"Statement on sarcoidosis. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) adopted by the ATS Board of Directors and by the ERS Executive Committee, February 1999","volume":"160","year":"1999","unstructured":"Statement on sarcoidosis. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) adopted by the ATS Board of Directors and by the ERS Executive Committee, February 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999, 160.736-755. 10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Study Quality Assessment Tools. Quality Assessment tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Control Group. (2021). https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-20-08","article-title":"Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk","author":"Moola S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, et al.. Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Aromataris E, Munn Z (ed): JBI, 2020. 10.46658\/JBIMES-20-08"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01971-5","article-title":"Infliximab therapy in refractory sarcoidosis: a multicenter real-world analysis","volume":"23","author":"Sakkat A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakkat A, Cox G, Khalidi N, et al.. Infliximab therapy in refractory sarcoidosis: a multicenter real-world analysis. Respir Res. 2022, 23:54. 10.1186\/s12931-022-01971-5","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.1162","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of anti-tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 agents in cutaneous sarcoidosis: a French study of 46 cases","volume":"153","author":"Heidelberger V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidelberger V, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Marquet A, et al.. Efficacy and tolerance of anti-tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 agents in cutaneous sarcoidosis: a French study of 46 cases. JAMA Dermatol. 2017, 153:681-685. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.1162","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15175","article-title":"Verrucous sarcoidosis: a rare clinical presentation of sarcoidosis","volume":"13","author":"Sussman ME","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sussman ME, Pousti BT, Grossman SK, Lee JB, Hsu S. Verrucous sarcoidosis: a rare clinical presentation of sarcoidosis. Cureus. 2021, 13:e15175. 10.7759\/cureus.15175","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D327654058","article-title":"Adalimumab for treatment of severe ulcerative sarcoidosis","volume":"27","author":"Vetos D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vetos D, Wu DJ, Downing MB, Rajpara A. Adalimumab for treatment of severe ulcerative sarcoidosis. Dermatol Online J. 2021, 27:10.5070\/D327654058","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.06.011","article-title":"Chronic verrucous sarcoidosis associated with human papillomavirus infection: improvement with adalimumab","volume":"4","author":"Hagan CE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hagan CE, Offiah M, Brodell RT, Jackson JD. Chronic verrucous sarcoidosis associated with human papillomavirus infection: improvement with adalimumab. JAAD Case Rep. 2018, 4:866-868. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.06.011","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132487","article-title":"Exacerbation of recalcitrant cutaneous sarcoidosis with adalimumab--a paradoxical effect? A case report","volume":"88","author":"Santos G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santos G, Sousa LE, Jo\u00e3o AM. Exacerbation of recalcitrant cutaneous sarcoidosis with adalimumab--a paradoxical effect? A case report. An Bras Dermatol. 2013, 88:26-28. 10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132487","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01482-2018","article-title":"Dramatic response of refractory sarcoidosis under ruxolitinib in a patient with associated JAK2-mutated polycythemia","volume":"52","author":"Rotenberg C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rotenberg C, Besnard V, Brillet PY, Giraudier S, Nunes H, Valeyre D. Dramatic response of refractory sarcoidosis under ruxolitinib in a patient with associated JAK2-mutated polycythemia. Eur Respir J. 2018, 52:10.1183\/13993003.01482-2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.02.006","article-title":"Resolution of cutaneous sarcoidosis after Janus kinase inhibitor therapy for concomitant polycythemia vera","volume":"5","author":"Wei JJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei JJ, Kallenbach LR, Kreider M, Leung TH, Rosenbach M. Resolution of cutaneous sarcoidosis after Janus kinase inhibitor therapy for concomitant polycythemia vera. JAAD Case Rep. 2019, 5:360-361. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.02.006","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.08.012","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with tofacitinib: a case report and review of evidence for Janus kinase inhibition in sarcoidosis","volume":"16","author":"Talty R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talty R, Damsky W, King B. Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with tofacitinib: a case report and review of evidence for Janus kinase inhibition in sarcoidosis. JAAD Case Rep. 2021, 16:62-64. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.08.012","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.11.016","article-title":"Treatment of angiolupoid sarcoidosis with tofacitinib ointment 2% and pulsed dye laser therapy","volume":"7","author":"Singh K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh K, Wang A, Heald P, et al.. Treatment of angiolupoid sarcoidosis with tofacitinib ointment 2% and pulsed dye laser therapy. JAAD Case Rep. 2021, 7:122-124. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.11.016","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.05.098","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibition induces disease remission in cutaneous sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare","volume":"82","author":"Damsky W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Damsky W, Thakral D, McGeary MK, Leventhal J, Galan A, King B. Janus kinase inhibition induces disease remission in cutaneous sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020, 82:612-621. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.05.098","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30615-x","article-title":"Inhibition of type 1 immunity with tofacitinib is associated with marked improvement in longstanding sarcoidosis","volume":"13","author":"Damsky W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damsky W, Wang A, Kim DJ, et al.. Inhibition of type 1 immunity with tofacitinib is associated with marked improvement in longstanding sarcoidosis. Nat Commun. 2022, 13:3140. 10.1038\/s41467-022-30615-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805958","article-title":"Tofacitinib treatment and molecular analysis of cutaneous sarcoidosis","volume":"379","author":"Damsky W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Damsky W, Thakral D, Emeagwali N, Galan A, King B. Tofacitinib treatment and molecular analysis of cutaneous sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med. 2018, 379:2540-2546. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1805958","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11112","article-title":"Treatment of multiorgan sarcoidosis with tofacitinib","volume":"2","author":"Damsky W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Damsky W, Young BD, Sloan B, Miller EJ, Obando JA, King B. Treatment of multiorgan sarcoidosis with tofacitinib. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2020, 2:106-109. 10.1002\/acr2.11112","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.12.021","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with tofacitinib 2% ointment and extra virgin olive oil","volume":"9","author":"Alam M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alam M, Fang V, Rosenbach M. Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with tofacitinib 2% ointment and extra virgin olive oil. JAAD Case Rep. 2021, 9:1-3. 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.12.021","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20197315","article-title":"In-vivo assessment of a case of cutaneous sarcoidosis using reflectance confocal microscopy","volume":"94","author":"Pasquali P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pasquali P, Gonzalez S, Fortu\u00f1o A, Freites-Martinez A. In-vivo assessment of a case of cutaneous sarcoidosis using reflectance confocal microscopy. An Bras Dermatol. 2019, 94:93-95. 10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20197315","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.60","article-title":"Reliability and convergent validity of the cutaneous sarcoidosis activity and morphology instrument for assessing cutaneous sarcoidosis","volume":"149","author":"Rosenbach M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenbach M, Yeung H, Chu EY, et al.. Reliability and convergent validity of the cutaneous sarcoidosis activity and morphology instrument for assessing cutaneous sarcoidosis. JAMA Dermatol. 2013, 149:550-556. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.60","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201402700302","article-title":"The \"mystery\" of cutaneous sarcoidosis: facts and controversies","volume":"27","author":"Tchernev G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tchernev G, Cardoso JC, Chokoeva AA, et al.. The \"mystery\" of cutaneous sarcoidosis: facts and controversies. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014, 27:321-330. 10.1177\/039463201402700302","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02933","article-title":"Sarcoidosis as an autoimmune disease","volume":"10","author":"Starshinova AA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Starshinova AA, Malkova AM, Basantsova NY, et al.. Sarcoidosis as an autoimmune disease. Front Immunol. 2019, 10:2933. 10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02933","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and B cells: implication on autoimmune diseases","volume":"6","author":"Wang P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang P, Zheng SG. Regulatory T cells and B cells: implication on autoimmune diseases. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013, 6:2668-2674.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000301","article-title":"Mechanism of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis","volume":"24","author":"Sakthivel P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sakthivel P, Bruder D. Mechanism of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Hematol. 2017, 24:59-65. 10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000301","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00437","article-title":"Granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"4","author":"Broos CE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broos CE, van Nimwegen M, Hoogsteden HC, Hendriks RW, Kool M, van den Blink B. Granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Front Immunol. 2013, 4:437. 10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00437","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Judson MA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT. The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2012, 29:119-127.","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9111-9","article-title":"Racial differences in sarcoidosis granuloma density","volume":"187","author":"Burke RR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burke RR, Stone CH, Havstad S, Rybicki BA. Racial differences in sarcoidosis granuloma density. Lung. 2009, 187:1-7. 10.1007\/s00408-008-9111-9","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-565OT","article-title":"Genetic, immunologic, and environmental basis of sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Moller DR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moller DR, Rybicki BA, Hamzeh NY, Montgomery CG, Chen ES, Drake W, Fontenot AP. Genetic, immunologic, and environmental basis of sarcoidosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017, 14:S429-S436. 10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-565OT","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.3.4261","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 position 11 residues are a common protective marker for sarcoidosis","volume":"25","author":"Foley PJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Foley PJ, McGrath DS, Puscinska E, et al.. Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 position 11 residues are a common protective marker for sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001, 25:272-277. 10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.3.4261","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-459OC","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and the disease course in sarcoidosis patients","volume":"169","author":"Grunewald J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grunewald J, Eklund A, Olerup O. Human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and the disease course in sarcoidosis patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004, 169:696-702. 10.1164\/rccm.200303-459OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2021.100137","article-title":"Sarcoidosis phenotypes","volume":"3","author":"Francesqui J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Francesqui J, Hern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez F, Sellar\u00e9s J. Sarcoidosis phenotypes. Open Respir Arch. 2021, 3:100137. 10.1016\/j.opresp.2021.100137","journal-title":"Open Respir Arch"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"HLA and environmental interactions in sarcoidosis","volume":"25","author":"Rossman MD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rossman MD, Thompson B, Frederick M, et al.. HLA and environmental interactions in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2008, 25:125-132.","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.537382","article-title":"Sarcoidosis epidemiology: race matters","volume":"11","author":"Hena KM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hena KM. Sarcoidosis epidemiology: race matters. Front Immunol. 2020, 11:537382. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.537382","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-1097OC","article-title":"Sarcoidosis susceptibility and resistance HLA-DQB1 alleles in African Americans","volume":"167","author":"Iannuzzi MC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iannuzzi MC, Maliarik MJ, Poisson LM, Rybicki BA. Sarcoidosis susceptibility and resistance HLA-DQB1 alleles in African Americans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003, 167:1225-1231. 10.1164\/rccm.200209-1097OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2001.057001087.x","article-title":"HLA-DRB1*03, DRB1*11 or DRB1*12 and their respective DRB3 specificities in clinical variants of sarcoidosis","volume":"57","author":"Bogunia-Kubik K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bogunia-Kubik K, Tomeczko J, Suchnicki K, Lange A. HLA-DRB1*03, DRB1*11 or DRB1*12 and their respective DRB3 specificities in clinical variants of sarcoidosis. Tissue Antigens. 2001, 57:87-90. 10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2001.057001087.x","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.09.003","article-title":"Toxicity risk from glucocorticoids in sarcoidosis patients","volume":"132","author":"Khan NA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan NA, Donatelli CV, Tonelli AR, Wiesen J, Ribeiro Neto ML, Sahoo D, Culver DA. Toxicity risk from glucocorticoids in sarcoidosis patients. Respir Med. 2017, 132:9-14. 10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.09.003","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb18549.x","article-title":"Longitudinal study of chronic sarcoidosis with low-dose maintenance corticosteroid therapy. Outcome and complications","volume":"465","author":"Johns CJ","year":"1986","unstructured":"Johns CJ, Schonfeld SA, Scott PP, Zachary JB, MacGregor MI. Longitudinal study of chronic sarcoidosis with low-dose maintenance corticosteroid therapy. Outcome and complications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986, 465:702-712. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb18549.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"The WASOG Sarcoidosis Organ Assessment Instrument: an update of a previous clinical tool","volume":"31","author":"Judson MA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Judson MA, Costabel U, Drent M, et al.. The WASOG Sarcoidosis Organ Assessment Instrument: an update of a previous clinical tool. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2014, 31:19-27.","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00105805","article-title":"Corticosteroid treatment in sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Grutters JC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grutters JC, van den Bosch JM. Corticosteroid treatment in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2006, 28:627-636. 10.1183\/09031936.06.00105805","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00169413","article-title":"Association of the TNF-\u03b1 G-308A polymorphism with TNF-inhibitor response in sarcoidosis","volume":"43","author":"Wijnen PA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wijnen PA, Cremers JP, Nelemans PJ, et al.. Association of the TNF-\u03b1 G-308A polymorphism with TNF-inhibitor response in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2014, 43:1730-1739. 10.1183\/09031936.00169413","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/159928-recent-clinical-studies-on-the-effects-of-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-tnf--and-janus-kinasesignal-transducers-and-activators-of-transcription-jakstat-antibody-therapies-in-refractory-cutaneous-sarcoidosis-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:04:46Z","timestamp":1707509086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/159928-recent-clinical-studies-on-the-effects-of-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-tnf--and-janus-kinasesignal-transducers-and-activators-of-transcription-jakstat-antibody-therapies-in-refractory-cutaneous-sarcoidosis-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.44901","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]}}}