{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:23:03Z","timestamp":1784989383854,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T14:35:06Z","timestamp":1694270106000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Topical Finasteride: A Comprehensive Review of Androgenetic Alopecia Management for Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Akshunna","family":"Keerti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhushan","family":"Madke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshaya","family":"Keerti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark Joseph C","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca S","family":"Lirio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01920.x","article-title":"Male pattern androgenetic alopecia in an Indian context: a perspective study","volume":"21","author":"Sehgal VN","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sehgal VN, Kak R, Aggarwal A, Srivastava G, Rajput P. Male pattern androgenetic alopecia in an Indian context: a perspective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007, 21:473-9. 10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01920.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2008.08k023","article-title":"The diagnosis of art: Van Gogh and male pattern baldness","volume":"102","author":"Aronson JK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aronson JK, Ramachandran M. The diagnosis of art: Van Gogh and male pattern baldness. J R Soc Med. 2009, 102:32-3. 10.1258\/jrsm.2008.08k023","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.10.1316","article-title":"Psychological effect, pathophysiology, and management of androgenetic alopecia in men","volume":"80","author":"Stough D","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stough D, Stenn K, Haber R, Parsley WM, Vogel JE, Whiting DA, Washenik K. Psychological effect, pathophysiology, and management of androgenetic alopecia in men. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005, 80:1316-22. 10.4065\/80.10.1316","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2011.06.006","article-title":"Young men's coping with androgenetic alopecia: acceptance counts when hair gets thinner","volume":"8","author":"Kranz D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kranz D. Young men's coping with androgenetic alopecia: acceptance counts when hair gets thinner. Body Image. 2011, 8:343-8. 10.1016\/j.bodyim.2011.06.006","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1.1999.8.1091","article-title":"Patient-perceived importance of negative effects of androgenetic alopecia in women","volume":"8","author":"Girman CJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Girman CJ, Hartmaier S, Roberts J, Bergfeld W, Waldstreicher J. Patient-perceived importance of negative effects of androgenetic alopecia in women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 1999, 8:1091-5. 10.1089\/jwh.1.1999.8.1091","journal-title":"J Womens Health Gend Based Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09640.x","article-title":"Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in China: a community-based study in six cities","volume":"162","author":"Wang TL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang TL, Zhou C, Shen YW, et al.. Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in China: a community-based study in six cities. Br J Dermatol. 2010, 162:843-7. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09640.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.58556","article-title":"Male androgenetic alopecia: population-based study in 1,005 subjects","volume":"1","author":"Krupa Shankar D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krupa Shankar D, Chakravarthi M, Shilpakar R. Male androgenetic alopecia: population-based study in 1,005 subjects. Int J Trichology. 2009, 1:131-3. 10.4103\/0974-7753.58556","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04289.x","article-title":"The prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia in Korean men and women","volume":"145","author":"Paik JH","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paik JH, Yoon JB, Sim WY, Kim BS, Kim NI. The prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia in Korean men and women. Br J Dermatol. 2001, 145:95-9. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04289.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06442.x","article-title":"A study of patterns of androgenetic alopecia in men: an Indian perspective","volume":"152","author":"Grover S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grover S. A study of patterns of androgenetic alopecia in men: an Indian perspective. Br J Dermatol. 2005, 152:572-4. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06442.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2001.00124.x","article-title":"Incidence of female androgenetic alopecia (female pattern alopecia)","volume":"27","author":"Norwood OT","year":"2001","unstructured":"Norwood OT. Incidence of female androgenetic alopecia (female pattern alopecia). Dermatol Surg. 2001, 27:53-54. 10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2001.00124.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00542.x","article-title":"Male pattern hair loss: current understanding","volume":"37","author":"Whiting DA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whiting DA. Male pattern hair loss: current understanding. Int J Dermatol. 1998, 37:561-6. 10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00542.x","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401334","article-title":"The endocrinology of baldness","volume":"13","author":"Batrinos ML","year":"2014","unstructured":"Batrinos ML. The endocrinology of baldness. Hormones (Athens). 2014, 13:197-212. 10.1007\/BF03401334","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2012.24.3.311","article-title":"Quality of life assessment in male patients with androgenetic alopecia: result of a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"24","author":"Han SH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han SH, Byun JW, Lee WS, et al.. Quality of life assessment in male patients with androgenetic alopecia: result of a prospective, multicenter study. Ann Dermatol. 2012, 24:311-8. 10.5021\/ad.2012.24.3.311","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0570111","article-title":"The metabolism of testosterone by human male scalp skin","volume":"57","author":"Bingham KD","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bingham KD, Shaw DA. The metabolism of testosterone by human male scalp skin. J Endocrinol. 1973, 57:111-21. 10.1677\/joe.0.0570111","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199957010-00014","article-title":"Finasteride: a review of its use in male pattern hair loss","volume":"57","author":"McClellan KJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"McClellan KJ, Markham A. Finasteride: a review of its use in male pattern hair loss. Drugs. 1999, 57:111-26. 10.2165\/00003495-199957010-00014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Long\u2010term (5\u2010year) multinational experience with finasteride 1 mg in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"12","author":"Finasteride male pattern hair loss study group","year":"2002","unstructured":"Finasteride male pattern hair loss study group. Long\u2010term (5\u2010year) multinational experience with finasteride 1 mg in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. Eur J Dermatol. 2002, 12:38-49.","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2008.0436","article-title":"Long\u2010term treatment with finasteride 1 mg decreases the likelihood of developing further visible hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss)","volume":"18","author":"Kaufman KD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaufman KD, Rotonda J, Shah AK, Meehan AG. Long\u2010term treatment with finasteride 1 mg decreases the likelihood of developing further visible hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss). Eur J Dermatol. 2008, 18:400-6. 10.1684\/ejd.2008.0436","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2011.01441.x","article-title":"Finasteride, 1 mg daily administration on male androgenetic alopecia in different age groups: 10-year follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Rossi A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rossi A, Cantisani C, Scarn\u00f2 M, Trucchia A, Fortuna MC, Calvieri S. Finasteride, 1 mg daily administration on male androgenetic alopecia in different age groups: 10-year follow-up. Dermatol Ther. 2011, 24:455-61. 10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2011.01441.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15761\/CRT.1000273","article-title":"Long\u2010term (10\u2010year) efficacy of finasteride in 523 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"5","author":"Yanagisawa M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yanagisawa M, Fujimaki H, Takeda A, Nemoto M, Sugimoto T, Sato A. Long\u2010term (10\u2010year) efficacy of finasteride in 523 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia. Clin Res Trials. 2019, 5:1-5. 10.15761\/CRT.1000273","journal-title":"Clin Res Trials"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14719","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term efficacy of finasteride in Korean men with androgenetic alopecia using the basic and specific classification system","volume":"46","author":"Shin JW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shin JW, Chung EH, Kim MB, Kim TO, Kim WI, Huh CH. Evaluation of long-term efficacy of finasteride in Korean men with androgenetic alopecia using the basic and specific classification system. J Dermatol. 2019, 46:139-43. 10.1111\/1346-8138.14719","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1280-y","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia: a review","volume":"57","author":"Lolli F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lolli F, Pallotti F, Rossi A, et al.. Androgenetic alopecia: a review. Endocrine. 2017, 57:9-17. 10.1007\/s12020-017-1280-y","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12024","article-title":"Androgen actions on the human hair follicle: perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Inui S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inui S, Itami S. Androgen actions on the human hair follicle: perspectives. Exp Dermatol. 2013, 22:168-71. 10.1111\/exd.12024","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_262_17","article-title":"Genetic and molecular aspects of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"84","author":"Martinez-Jacobo L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martinez-Jacobo L, Villarreal-Villarreal CD, Ortiz-L\u00f3pez R, Ocampo-Candiani J, Rojas-Mart\u00ednez A. Genetic and molecular aspects of androgenetic alopecia. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018, 84:263-8. 10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_262_17","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2009.00439.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia in males: a histopathological and ultrastructural study","volume":"8","author":"El-Domyati M","year":"2009","unstructured":"El-Domyati M, Attia S, Saleh F, Abdel-Wahab H. Androgenetic alopecia in males: a histopathological and ultrastructural study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009, 8:83-91. 10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2009.00439.x","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00093-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"37","author":"Trueb RM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trueb RM. Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia. Ther Umsch. 2002, 37:981-90. 10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00093-1","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2006.00053.x","article-title":"A new look at the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride","volume":"12","author":"Finn DA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Finn DA, Beadles-Bohling AS, Beckley EH, Ford MM, Gililland KR, Gorin-Meyer RE, Wiren KM. A new look at the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride. Cns Drug Rev. 2006, 12:53-76. 10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2006.00053.x","journal-title":"Cns Drug Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/ijpr.2014.1465","article-title":"Effect of adiantum capillus veneris linn on an animal model of testosterone-induced hair loss","volume":"13","author":"Noubarani M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noubarani M, Rostamkhani H, Erfan M, Kamalinejad M, Eskandari MR, Babaeian M, Salamzadeh J. Effect of adiantum capillus veneris linn on an animal model of testosterone-induced hair loss. Iran J Pharm Red. 2014, 13:113-18. 10.22037\/ijpr.2014.1465","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Red"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639709160517","article-title":"Topical finasteride in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Preliminary evaluations after a 16-month therapy course","volume":"8","author":"Mazzarella GF","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mazzarella GF, Loconsole GF, Cammisa GA, Mastrolonardo GM, Vena G. Topical finasteride in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Preliminary evaluations after a 16-month therapy course. J Derm Tr. 1997, 8:189-92. 10.3109\/09546639709160517","journal-title":"J Derm Tr"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.45220","article-title":"Comparing the therapeutic effects of finasteride gel and tablet in treatment of the androgenetic alopecia","volume":"75","author":"Hajheydari Z","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hajheydari Z, Akbari J, Saeedi M, Shokoohi L. Comparing the therapeutic effects of finasteride gel and tablet in treatment of the androgenetic alopecia. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009, 75:47-51. 10.4103\/0378-6323.45220","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202119","article-title":"A novel finasteride 0.25% topical solution for androgenetic alopecia: pharmacokinetics and effects on plasma androgen levels in healthy male volunteers","volume":"52","author":"Caserini M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caserini M, Radicioni M, Leuratti C, Annoni O, Palmieri R. A novel finasteride 0.25% topical solution for androgenetic alopecia: pharmacokinetics and effects on plasma androgen levels in healthy male volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014, 52:842-9. 10.5414\/CP202119","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202467","article-title":"Effects of a novel finasteride 0.25% topical solution on scalp and serum dihydrotestosterone in healthy men with androgenetic alopecia","volume":"54","author":"Caserini M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caserini M, Radicioni M, Leuratti C, Terragni E, Iorizzo M, Palmieri R. Effects of a novel finasteride 0.25% topical solution on scalp and serum dihydrotestosterone in healthy men with androgenetic alopecia. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016, 54:19-27. 10.5414\/CP202467","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/241953","article-title":"Pilot study of 15 patients receiving a new treatment regimen for androgenic alopecia: the effects of atopy on AGA","volume":"2011","author":"Rafi AW","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rafi AW, Katz RM. Pilot study of 15 patients receiving a new treatment regimen for androgenic alopecia: the effects of atopy on AGA. ISRN Dermatol. 2011, 2011:241953. 10.5402\/2011\/241953","journal-title":"ISRN Dermatol"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 3% minoxidil versus combined 3% minoxidil\/0.1% finasteride in male pattern hair loss: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study","volume":"95","author":"Tanglertsampan C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tanglertsampan C. Efficacy and safety of 3% minoxidil versus combined 3% minoxidil\/0.1% finasteride in male pattern hair loss: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012, 95:1312-6.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.148925","article-title":"Topical minoxidil fortified with finasteride: an account of maintenance of hair density after replacing oral finasteride","volume":"6","author":"Chandrashekar BS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chandrashekar BS, Nandhini T, Vasanth V, Sriram R, Navale S. Topical minoxidil fortified with finasteride: an account of maintenance of hair density after replacing oral finasteride. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2015, 6:17-20. 10.4103\/2229-5178.148925","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Control of the hair cycle and hair diseases as cycling disorders","volume":"3","author":"Paus R","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paus R. Control of the hair cycle and hair diseases as cycling disorders. Curr Opin Dermatol. 1996, 3:248-58.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.24","article-title":"Dickkopf 1 promotes regression of hair follicles","volume":"132","author":"Kwack MH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kwack MH, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK. Dickkopf 1 promotes regression of hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol. 2012, 132:1554-60. 10.1038\/jid.2012.24","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01670.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle development","volume":"118","author":"Millar SE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Millar SE. Molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle development. J Invest Dermatol. 2002, 118:216-25. 10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01670.x","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1053","article-title":"Keratinocyte growth inhibition through the modification of Wnt signaling by androgen in balding dermal papilla cells","volume":"94","author":"Kitagawa T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kitagawa T, Matsuda K, Inui S, et al.. Keratinocyte growth inhibition through the modification of Wnt signaling by androgen in balding dermal papilla cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009, 94:1288-94. 10.1210\/jc.2008-1053","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44478","article-title":"Bald scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia retains hair follicle stem cells but lacks CD200-rich and CD34-positive hair follicle progenitor cells","volume":"121","author":"Garza LA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garza LA, Yang CC, Zhao T, et al.. Bald scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia retains hair follicle stem cells but lacks CD200-rich and CD34-positive hair follicle progenitor cells. J Clin Invest. 2011, 121:613-22. 10.1172\/JCI44478","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1747.2003.12615.x","article-title":"Genetic basis of male pattern baldness","volume":"121","author":"Nyholt DR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nyholt DR, Gillepsie NA, Heath AC, Martin NG. Genetic basis of male pattern baldness. J Invest Dermatol. 2003, 121:1561-64. 10.1111\/j.1523-1747.2003.12615.x","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/178511-topical-finasteride-a-comprehensive-review-of-androgenetic-alopecia-management-for-men-and-women","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:04:54Z","timestamp":1707509094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/178511-topical-finasteride-a-comprehensive-review-of-androgenetic-alopecia-management-for-men-and-women"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.44949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]}}}