{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:09:49Z","timestamp":1789578589361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T05:41:58Z","timestamp":1695274918000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Trends and Factors Associated With Mortality Rates of Leading Causes of Infant Death: A CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Database Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Okelue E","family":"Okobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifreke U","family":"Ibanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzoamaka C","family":"Egbujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thelma O","family":"Egbuchua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelechukwu P","family":"Oranu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uchechukwu S","family":"Oranika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.040","article-title":"Neonatal death: case definition &amp; guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"34","author":"Pathirana J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pathirana J, Mu\u00f1oz FM, Abbing-Karahagopian V, et al.. Neonatal death: case definition &amp;amp; guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine. 2016, 34:6027-37. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.040","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-017-0553-7","article-title":"Infant mortality rate as a measure of a country's health: a robust method to improve reliability and comparability","volume":"54","author":"Gonzalez RM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonzalez RM, Gilleskie D. Infant mortality rate as a measure of a country's health: a robust method to improve reliability and comparability. Demography. 2017, 54:701-20. 10.1007\/s13524-017-0553-7","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Newborns. improving survival and well-being. (2021). Accessed: August 10, 2023: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/newborns-reducing-mortality."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"US has highest infant, maternal mortality rates despite the most health care spending. (2023). Accessed. August 10, 2023: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/us-has-highest-infant-maternal-mortality-rates-despite-the-most-health-care-spending."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Mortality in the United States, 2020","author":"Murphy SL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Xu J, Arias E. Mortality in the United States, 2020. NCHS Data Brief. 2021, 1-8.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8100862","article-title":"Evaluation and risk assessment of congenital anomalies in neonates","volume":"8","author":"Verma RP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma RP. Evaluation and risk assessment of congenital anomalies in neonates. Children (Basel). 2021, 8:862. 10.3390\/children8100862","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19191\/EP18.3-4.S1.P001.057","article-title":"Environmental and individual exposure and the risk of congenital anomalies: a review of recent epidemiological evidence","volume":"42","author":"Baldacci S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baldacci S, Gorini F, Santoro M, Pierini A, Minichilli F, Bianchi F. Environmental and individual exposure and the risk of congenital anomalies: a review of recent epidemiological evidence. Epidemiol Prev. 2018, 42:1-34. 10.19191\/EP18.3-4.S1.P001.057","journal-title":"Epidemiol Prev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-019-0195-7","article-title":"The relationship between the different low birth weight strata of newborns with infant mortality and the influence of the main health determinants in the extreme south of Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Vilanova CS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vilanova CS, Hirakata VN, de Souza Buriol VC, Nunes M, Goldani MZ, da Silva CH. The relationship between the different low birth weight strata of newborns with infant mortality and the influence of the main health determinants in the extreme south of Brazil. Popul Health Metr. 2019, 17:15. 10.1186\/s12963-019-0195-7","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234907","article-title":"Low birth weight and its associated risk factors: Health facility-based case-control study","volume":"15","author":"K C A","year":"2020","unstructured":"K C A, Basel PL, Singh S. Low birth weight and its associated risk factors: Health facility-based case-control study. PLoS One. 2020, 15:e0234907. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0234907","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02536-z","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome prevention","volume":"21","author":"Jullien S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jullien S. Sudden infant death syndrome prevention. BMC Pediatr. 2021, 21:320. 10.1186\/s12887-021-02536-z","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.865051","article-title":"The science (or nonscience) of research into sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)","volume":"10","author":"Goldwater PN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldwater PN. The science (or nonscience) of research into sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Front Pediatr. 2022, 10:865051. 10.3389\/fped.2022.865051","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.11.004","article-title":"Psychological aspects of perinatal loss","volume":"21","author":"Badenhorst W","year":"2007","unstructured":"Badenhorst W, Hughes P. Psychological aspects of perinatal loss. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2007, 21:249-59. 10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.11.004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1050236","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms and burnout in healthcare professionals working in neonatal intensive care units: results from the STRONG study","volume":"14","author":"Ravaldi C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ravaldi C, Mosconi L, Mannetti L, et al.. Post-traumatic stress symptoms and burnout in healthcare professionals working in neonatal intensive care units: results from the STRONG study. Front Psychiatry. 2023, 14:1050236. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1050236","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0304","article-title":"End-of-life care in neonatal intensive care units from an asian perspective: an integrative review of the research literature","volume":"22","author":"Kim S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim S, Savage TA, Hershberger PE, Kavanaugh K. End-of-life care in neonatal intensive care units from an asian perspective: an integrative review of the research literature. J Palliat Med. 2019, 22:848-57. 10.1089\/jpm.2018.0304","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2021.151390","article-title":"Preterm birth lifetime costs in the United States in 2016: an update","volume":"45","author":"Waitzman NJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waitzman NJ, Jalali A, Grosse SD. Preterm birth lifetime costs in the United States in 2016: an update. Semin Perinatol. 2021, 45:151390. 10.1016\/j.semperi.2021.151390","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Linked birth\/infant death records, 2007-2020 . (2023). Accessed. August 2, 2023: https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/controller\/datarequest\/D69."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Health and wellbeing. what do we know about infant mortality in the U.S. and comparable countries?. (2023). Accessed: August 10, 2023: https:\/\/www.healthsystemtracker.org\/chart-collection\/infant-mortality-u-s-compare-countries\/."},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Infant mortality in the United States, 2019:data from the period linked birth\/infant death file","volume":"70","author":"Ely DM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ely DM, Driscoll AK. Infant mortality in the United States, 2019:data from the period linked birth\/infant death file. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2021, 70:1-18.","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Infant mortality in the United States, 2020: data from the period linked birth\/infant death file","volume":"71","author":"Ely DM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ely DM, Driscoll AK. Infant mortality in the United States, 2020: data from the period linked birth\/infant death file. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2022, 71:1-18.","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.271","article-title":"Infant mortality in the United States, 1915-2017: large social inequalities have persisted for over a century","volume":"8","author":"Singh GK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh GK, Yu SM. Infant mortality in the United States, 1915-2017: large social inequalities have persisted for over a century. Int J MCH AIDS. 2019, 8:19-31. 10.21106\/ijma.271","journal-title":"Int J MCH AIDS"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.782143","article-title":"The association between adequate prenatal care and severe maternal morbidity among teenage pregnancies: a population-based cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Nam JY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nam JY, Oh SS, Park EC. The association between adequate prenatal care and severe maternal morbidity among teenage pregnancies: a population-based cohort study. Front Public Health. 2022, 10:782143. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.782143","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932019000245","article-title":"Maternal education and the multidimensionality of child health outcomes in India","volume":"52","author":"Vikram K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vikram K, Vanneman R. Maternal education and the multidimensionality of child health outcomes in India. J Biosoc Sci. 2020, 52:57-77. 10.1017\/S0021932019000245","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093146","article-title":"Implication of vaginal and cesarean section delivery method in Black-White differentials in infant mortality in the United States: linked birth\/infant death records, 2007-2016","volume":"17","author":"Holmes L Jr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holmes L Jr, O'Neill L, Elmi H, et al.. Implication of vaginal and cesarean section delivery method in Black-White differentials in infant mortality in the United States: linked birth\/infant death records, 2007-2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020, 17:3146. 10.3390\/ijerph17093146","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","article-title":"Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Keag OE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2018, 15:e1002494. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120504908","article-title":"Trends in infant mortality in United States: a brief study of the Southeastern states from 2005-2009","volume":"12","author":"He X","year":"2015","unstructured":"He X, Akil L, Aker WG, Hwang HM, Ahmad HA. Trends in infant mortality in United States: a brief study of the Southeastern states from 2005-2009. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015, 12:4908-20. 10.3390\/ijerph120504908","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Analyzing trends in suicide attempts among the pediatric population in the United States: a study using CDC\u2019s youth risk behavior surveillance system (YRBSS) database","volume":"15","author":"Arisoyin AE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arisoyin AE, Adeyemi AH, Okobi OE, et al.. Analyzing trends in suicide attempts among the pediatric population in the United States: a study using CDC\u2019s youth risk behavior surveillance system (YRBSS) database. Cureus. 2023, 15:e44099.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.43393","article-title":"Evaluation of bronchiolitis in the pediatric population in the United States of America and Canada: a ten-year review","volume":"15","author":"Ajayi OO","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ajayi OO, Ajufo A, Ekpa QL, et al.. Evaluation of bronchiolitis in the pediatric population in the United States of America and Canada: a ten-year review. Cureus. 2023, 15:e43393. 10.7759\/cureus.43393","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/183774-trends-and-factors-associated-with-mortality-rates-of-leading-causes-of-infant-death-a-cdc-wide-ranging-online-data-for-epidemiologic-research-cdc-wonder-database-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:08:05Z","timestamp":1707509285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/183774-trends-and-factors-associated-with-mortality-rates-of-leading-causes-of-infant-death-a-cdc-wide-ranging-online-data-for-epidemiologic-research-cdc-wonder-database-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.45652","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]}}}