{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:00:39Z","timestamp":1790964039094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T09:11:06Z","timestamp":1696842666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Rise of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections in India: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Radhika A","family":"Dudhane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandkishor J","family":"Bankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogendra P","family":"Shelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit K","family":"Badge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.102","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and management of invasive Salmonella disease","volume":"33","author":"Kariuki S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kariuki S, Gordon MA, Feasey N, Parry CM. Antimicrobial resistance and management of invasive Salmonella disease. Vaccine. 2015, 33:C21-9. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.102","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2694-2696.2003","article-title":"Stability of repetitive-sequence PCR patterns with respect to culture age and subculture frequency","volume":"41","author":"Kang HP","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kang HP, Dunne WM. Stability of repetitive-sequence PCR patterns with respect to culture age and subculture frequency. J Clin Microbiol. 2003, 41:2694-6. 10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2694-2696.2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.529","article-title":"Foodborne pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Bintsis T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bintsis T. Foodborne pathogens. AIMS Microbiol. 2017, 3:529-63. 10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.529","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-022-00423-6","article-title":"Food hygiene practices and determinants among food handlers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Zenbaba D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zenbaba D, Sahiledengle B, Nugusu F, Beressa G, Desta F, Atlaw D, Chattu VK. Food hygiene practices and determinants among food handlers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Health. 2022, 50:34. 10.1186\/s41182-022-00423-6","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.23.1.140-145.1979","article-title":"Importance of the intestinal inflammatory reaction in salmonella-mediated intestinal secretion","volume":"23","author":"Giannella RA","year":"1979","unstructured":"Giannella RA. Importance of the intestinal inflammatory reaction in salmonella-mediated intestinal secretion. Infect Immun. 1979, 23:140-5. 10.1128\/iai.23.1.140-145.1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.022319-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal salmonellae associated with systemic manifestations from India","volume":"59","author":"Menezes GA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Menezes GA, Khan MA, Harish BN, et al.. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal salmonellae associated with systemic manifestations from India. J Med Microbiol. 2010, 59:1477-83. 10.1099\/jmm.0.022319-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3986-9","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of institutional food-handlers in Ghana","volume":"17","author":"Akabanda F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akabanda F, Hlortsi EH, Owusu-Kwarteng J. Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of institutional food-handlers in Ghana. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17:40. 10.1186\/s12889-016-3986-9","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0479","article-title":"Associations among water, sanitation, and hygiene, and food exposures and typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Brockett S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brockett S, Wolfe MK, Hamot A, Appiah GD, Mintz ED, Lantagne D. Associations among water, sanitation, and hygiene, and food exposures and typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020, 103:1020-31. 10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0479","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2000.0796","article-title":"Effectiveness of altered incentives in a food safety inspection program","volume":"32","author":"Fielding JE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fielding JE, Aguirre A, Palaiologos E. Effectiveness of altered incentives in a food safety inspection program. Prev Med. 2001, 32:239-44. 10.1006\/pmed.2000.0796","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00213-z","article-title":"Characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis, Kolkata, India, during 2000-2016","volume":"51","author":"Jain P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain P, Chowdhury G, Samajpati S, et al.. Characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis, Kolkata, India, during 2000-2016. Braz J Microbiol. 2020, 51:613-27. 10.1007\/s42770-019-00213-z","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_19_300","article-title":"An emerging threat of ceftriaxone-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella in South India: Incidence and molecular profile","volume":"37","author":"Pragasam AK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pragasam AK, Anandan S, John J, et al.. An emerging threat of ceftriaxone-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella in South India: Incidence and molecular profile. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2019, 37:198-202. 10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_19_300","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1804-90","article-title":"Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in southern India: a 5-year experience from a tertiary care hospital","volume":"48","author":"Patra S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patra S, Mukim Y, Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C, Kalwaje Eshwara V. Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in southern India: a 5-year experience from a tertiary care hospital. Turk J Med Sci. 2018, 48:1030-5. 10.3906\/sag-1804-90","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_79_18","article-title":"Extraintestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella from a tertiary care center in India","volume":"10","author":"Sudhaharan S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sudhaharan S, Kanne P, Vemu L, Bhaskara A. Extraintestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella from a tertiary care center in India. J Lab Physicians. 2018, 10:401-5. 10.4103\/JLP.JLP_79_18","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-017-2551-6","article-title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia","volume":"85","author":"Subburaju N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Subburaju N, Sankar J, Putlibai S. Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia. Indian J Pediatr. 2018, 85:800-2. 10.1007\/s12098-017-2551-6","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.193293","article-title":"Distribution trends & antibiogram pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in India","volume":"144","author":"Kumar Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar Y, Gupta N, Vaish VB, Gupta S. Distribution trends &amp; antibiogram pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in India. Indian J Med Res. 2016, 144:82-6. 10.4103\/0971-5916.193293","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-015-0530-z","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of nontyphoidal salmonella in poultry and poultry products in India: Implications for human health","volume":"55","author":"Saravanan S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saravanan S, Purushothaman V, Murthy TR, et al.. Molecular epidemiology of nontyphoidal salmonella in poultry and poultry products in India: Implications for human health. Indian J Microbiol. 2015, 55:319-26. 10.1007\/s12088-015-0530-z","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-1282.158780","article-title":"Epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella among patients attending a tertiary care centre in central Kerala","volume":"17","author":"Oommen S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oommen S, Pillai S, Nair S, Nair K. Epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella among patients attending a tertiary care centre in central Kerala. J Acad Clin Microbiol. 2015, 17:12. 10.4103\/0972-1282.158780","journal-title":"J Acad Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jucms.v5i2.19159","article-title":"Antibiogram of Salmonella spp isolates in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"5","author":"Gajurel D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gajurel D, Sharma RP, Dhungana K, Neupane S, Lamsal K, Karki P, Acharya S. Antibiogram of Salmonella spp isolates in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Univ Coll Med Sci. 2018, 5:22-25. 10.3126\/jucms.v5i2.19159","journal-title":"J Univ Coll Med Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008991","article-title":"Comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Siaya, Kenya","volume":"15","author":"Kubicek-Sutherland JZ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubicek-Sutherland JZ, Xie G, Shakya M, et al.. Comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Siaya, Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021, 15:e0008991. 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008991","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2022.02.011","article-title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections across India: emergence of a neglected group of enteric pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Kumar S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar S, Kumar Y, Kumar G, Kumar G, Tahlan AK. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections across India: emergence of a neglected group of enteric pathogens. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022, 17:747-54. 10.1016\/j.jtumed.2022.02.011","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2013.05.006","article-title":"Acute gastroenteritis","volume":"40","author":"Graves NS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Graves NS. Acute gastroenteritis. Prim Care. 2013, 40:727-41. 10.1016\/j.pop.2013.05.006","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00066-12","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: virulence and regulation","volume":"26","author":"F\u00e0brega A","year":"2013","unstructured":"F\u00e0brega A, Vila J. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: virulence and regulation. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013, 26:308-41. 10.1128\/CMR.00066-12","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.3085","article-title":"Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age","volume":"282","author":"Simon AK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simon AK, Hollander GA, McMichael A. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Sci. 2015, 282:20143085. 10.1098\/rspb.2014.3085","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2498-2503.2002","article-title":"Genetic diversity of clinical and environmental strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden isolated in Malaysia","volume":"40","author":"Thong KL","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thong KL, Goh YL, Radu S, et al.. Genetic diversity of clinical and environmental strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden isolated in Malaysia. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40:2498-503. 10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2498-2503.2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2007.09.001","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from imported seafood","volume":"25","author":"Ponce E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ponce E, Khan AA, Cheng CM, Summage-West C, Cerniglia CE. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from imported seafood. Food Microbiol. 2008, 25:29-35. 10.1016\/j.fm.2007.09.001","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.04.006","article-title":"Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: a review","volume":"4","author":"Heredia N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heredia N, Garc\u00eda S. Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: a review. Anim Nutr. 2018, 4:250-5. 10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.04.006","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010360","article-title":"Contamination of fresh produce with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and associated risks to human health: a scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Rahman M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahman M, Alam MU, Luies SK, et al.. Contamination of fresh produce with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and associated risks to human health: a scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021, 19:360. 10.3390\/ijerph19010360","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2016.10.006","article-title":"Microbiology of organic and conventionally grown fresh produce","volume":"47 Suppl 1","author":"Maffei DF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maffei DF, Batalha EY, Landgraf M, Schaffner DW, Franco BD. Microbiology of organic and conventionally grown fresh produce. Braz J Microbiol. 2016, 47 Suppl 1:99-105. 10.1016\/j.bjm.2016.10.006","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004474","article-title":"Foodborne general outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 infection, England and Wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks?","volume":"133","author":"Gillespie IA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gillespie IA, O'Brien SJ, Adak GK, Ward LR, Smith HR. Foodborne general outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 infection, England and Wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks?. Epidemiol Infect. 2005, 133:795-801. 10.1017\/S0950268805004474","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020078","article-title":"Exposures associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella infections caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi serotypes in Tennessee, 2013-2015: a case-case analysis","volume":"9","author":"Mukherjee N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukherjee N, Nolan VG, Dunn JR, Banerjee P. Exposures associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella infections caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi serotypes in Tennessee, 2013-2015: a case-case analysis. Pathogens. 2020, 9:78. 10.3390\/pathogens9020078","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100249","article-title":"Treated wastewater effluent as a source of microbial pollution of surface water resources","volume":"11","author":"Naidoo S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naidoo S, Olaniran AO. Treated wastewater effluent as a source of microbial pollution of surface water resources. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013, 11:249-70. 10.3390\/ijerph110100249","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2706","article-title":"Source attribution of salmonella in macadamia nuts to animal and environmental reservoirs in Queensland, Australia","volume":"17","author":"Munck N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munck N, Smith J, Bates J, Glass K, Hald T, Kirk MD. Source attribution of salmonella in macadamia nuts to animal and environmental reservoirs in Queensland, Australia. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2020, 17:357-64. 10.1089\/fpd.2019.2706","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10050907","article-title":"Salmonella, food safety and food handling practices","volume":"10","author":"Ehuwa O","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ehuwa O, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Salmonella, food safety and food handling practices. Foods. 2021, 10:907. 10.3390\/foods10050907","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318457","article-title":"Nontyphoidal salmonellosis","volume":"32","author":"Hohmann EL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hohmann EL. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 32:263-9. 10.1086\/318457","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001167","article-title":"Antibiotics for treating salmonella gut infections","author":"Sirinavin S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sirinavin S, Garner P. Antibiotics for treating salmonella gut infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000, CD001167. 10.1002\/14651858.CD001167","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2","article-title":"Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa","volume":"379","author":"Feasey NA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feasey NA, Dougan G, Kingsley RA, Heyderman RS, Gordon MA. Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Lancet. 2012, 379:2489-99. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00615-0","article-title":"Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Marchello CS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marchello CS, Birkhold M, Crump JA. Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022, 22:692-705. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00615-0","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ893","article-title":"The relationship between invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, other bacterial bloodstream infections, and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"62","author":"Park SE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park SE, Pak GD, Aaby P, et al.. The relationship between invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, other bacterial bloodstream infections, and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2016, 62:S23-31. 10.1093\/cid\/civ893","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Invasive salmonella enteritidis infection complicated by colonic perforations and pancytopenia: a case report","volume":"77","author":"Chang CY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang CY, Gan YL, Lio JY, Radhakrishnan AP. Invasive salmonella enteritidis infection complicated by colonic perforations and pancytopenia: a case report. Med J Malaysia. 2022, 77:264-6.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000398","article-title":"Current perspectives on invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease","volume":"30","author":"Haselbeck AH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haselbeck AH, Panzner U, Im J, Baker S, Meyer CG, Marks F. Current perspectives on invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017, 30:498-503. 10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000398","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833dd25d","article-title":"Nontyphoidal salmonellosis in Africa","volume":"23","author":"Graham SM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Graham SM. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis in Africa. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010, 23:409-14. 10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833dd25d","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004857","article-title":"Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Asia: clinical observations, disease outcome and dominant serovars from an infectious disease hospital in Vietnam","volume":"10","author":"Phu Huong Lan N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phu Huong Lan N, Le Thi Phuong T, Nguyen Huu H, et al.. Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Asia: clinical observations, disease outcome and dominant serovars from an infectious disease hospital in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016, 10:e0004857. 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004857","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196004212621606","article-title":"Salmonellosis\u2014a review of some unusual aspects","volume":"262","author":"Black PH","year":"1960","unstructured":"Black PH, Kunz LJ, Swartz MN. Salmonellosis\u2014a review of some unusual aspects. N Engl J Med. 1960, 262:811-7. 10.1056\/NEJM196004212621606","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1994.1010","article-title":"Molecular characterization of an enterotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"16","author":"Chopra AK","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chopra AK, Peterson JW, Chary P, Prasad R. Molecular characterization of an enterotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium. Microb Pathog. 1994, 16:85-98. 10.1006\/mpat.1994.1010","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2919285","article-title":"Epithelial cell surfaces induce Salmonella proteins required for bacterial adherence and invasion","volume":"243","author":"Finlay BB","year":"1989","unstructured":"Finlay BB, Heffron F, Falkow S. Epithelial cell surfaces induce Salmonella proteins required for bacterial adherence and invasion. Science. 1989, 243:940-3. 10.1126\/science.2919285","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1504717","article-title":"The global burden and epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections","volume":"15","author":"Balasubramanian R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balasubramanian R, Im J, Lee JS, et al.. The global burden and epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019, 15:1421-6. 10.1080\/21645515.2018.1504717","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040401","article-title":"Antibiotics: Conventional therapy and natural compounds with antibacterial activity\u2014a pharmaco-toxicological screening","volume":"10","author":"Pancu DF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pancu DF, Scurtu A, Macasoi IG, et al.. Antibiotics: Conventional therapy and natural compounds with antibacterial activity\u2014a pharmaco-toxicological screening. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021, 10:401. 10.3390\/antibiotics10040401","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001167.pub2","article-title":"Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non-typhoidal Salmonella infection","volume":"11","author":"Onwuezobe IA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onwuezobe IA, Oshun PO, Odigwe CC. Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non-typhoidal Salmonella infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012, 11:CD001167. 10.1002\/14651858.CD001167.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(01)01375-2","article-title":"Non-typhoidal salmonellosis: emerging problems","volume":"3","author":"Rabsch W","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rabsch W, Tsch\u00e4pe H, B\u00e4umler AJ. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis: emerging problems. Microbes Infect. 2001, 3:237-47. 10.1016\/s1286-4579(01)01375-2","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200206000-00009","article-title":"Tendon or joint disorders in children after treatment with fluoroquinolones or azithromycin","volume":"21","author":"Yee CL","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yee CL, Duffy C, Gerbino PG, Stryker S, Noel GJ. Tendon or joint disorders in children after treatment with fluoroquinolones or azithromycin. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002, 21:525-9. 10.1097\/00006454-200206000-00009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir153","article-title":"Combating antimicrobial resistance: policy recommendations to save lives","volume":"52","author":"Spellberg B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spellberg B, Blaser M, Guidos RJ, et al.. Combating antimicrobial resistance: policy recommendations to save lives. Clin Infect Dis. 2011, 52:S397-428. 10.1093\/cid\/cir153","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-15","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial management of invasive Salmonella infections","volume":"28","author":"Crump JA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crump JA, Sj\u00f6lund-Karlsson M, Gordon MA, Parry CM. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial management of invasive Salmonella infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015, 28:901-37. 10.1128\/CMR.00002-15","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16305.2","article-title":"Performance of molecular methods for the detection of Salmonella in human stool specimens","volume":"5","author":"Chirambo AC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chirambo AC, Nyirenda TS, Jambo N, et al.. Performance of molecular methods for the detection of Salmonella in human stool specimens. Wellcome Open Res. 2020, 5:237. 10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16305.2","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1571-1576.2001","article-title":"Quantitation of bacteria in bone marrow from patients with typhoid fever: relationship between counts and clinical features","volume":"39","author":"Wain J","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wain J, Pham VB, Ha V, et al.. Quantitation of bacteria in bone marrow from patients with typhoid fever: relationship between counts and clinical features. J Clin Microbiol. 2001, 39:1571-6. 10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1571-1576.2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.12.2266-2269.1987","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum Vi antibodies for detection of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers","volume":"25","author":"Losonsky GA","year":"1987","unstructured":"Losonsky GA, Ferreccio C, Kotloff KL, Kaintuck S, Robbins JB, Levine MM. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum Vi antibodies for detection of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers. J Clin Microbiol. 1987, 25:2266-9. 10.1128\/jcm.25.12.2266-2269.1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.6.1194-1197.1988","article-title":"Restaurant-associated outbreak of typhoid fever in Maryland: identification of carrier facilitated by measurement of serum Vi antibodies","volume":"26","author":"Lin FY","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lin FY, Becke JM, Groves C, et al.. Restaurant-associated outbreak of typhoid fever in Maryland: identification of carrier facilitated by measurement of serum Vi antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 1988, 26:1194-7. 10.1128\/jcm.26.6.1194-1197.1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.18.6.1320-1322.1983","article-title":"Identification of a carrier by using Vi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology in an outbreak of typhoid fever on an Indian reservation","volume":"18","author":"Engleberg NC","year":"1983","unstructured":"Engleberg NC, Barrett TJ, Fisher H, Porter B, Hurtado E, Hughes JM. Identification of a carrier by using Vi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology in an outbreak of typhoid fever on an Indian reservation. J Clin Microbiol. 1983, 18:1320-2. 10.1128\/jcm.18.6.1320-1322.1983","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.12.1.22-26.1980","article-title":"Evaluation of a new assay for Vi antibody in chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi","volume":"12","author":"Nolan CM","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nolan CM, Feeley JC, White PC Jr, Hambie EA, Brown SL, Wong KH. Evaluation of a new assay for Vi antibody in chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi. J Clin Microbiol. 1980, 12:22-6. 10.1128\/jcm.12.1.22-26.1980","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of community-based serologic screening for identification of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers in Vietnam","volume":"10","author":"Gupta A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gupta A, My Thanh NT, Olsen SJ, et al.. Evaluation of community-based serologic screening for identification of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers in Vietnam. Int J Infect Dis. 2006, 10:309-14. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.06.005","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321820","article-title":"Trends in bloodstream infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults admitted to a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, during the last decade","volume":"33","author":"Arthur G","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arthur G, Nduba VN, Kariuki SM, Kimari J, Bhatt SM, Gilks CF. Trends in bloodstream infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults admitted to a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, during the last decade. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 33:248-56. 10.1086\/321820","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0639","article-title":"General principles of antimicrobial therapy","volume":"86","author":"Leekha S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leekha S, Terrell CL, Edson RS. General principles of antimicrobial therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011, 86:156-67. 10.4065\/mcp.2010.0639","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.00483","article-title":"The importance of stool tests in diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal disorders in children","volume":"54","author":"Kas\u0131rga E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kas\u0131rga E. The importance of stool tests in diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal disorders in children. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019, 54:141-8. 10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.00483","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri Ars"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550403400404","article-title":"Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia - an under-recognized feature of AIDS in African adults","volume":"34","author":"Kankwatira AM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kankwatira AM, Mwafulirwa GA, Gordon MA. Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia - an under-recognized feature of AIDS in African adults. Trop Doct. 2004, 34:198-200. 10.1177\/004947550403400404","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1695-4033(04)78281-8","article-title":"Non-typhi Salmonella bacteremia in children: an 11-year review","volume":"60","author":"D\u00edez Dorado R","year":"2004","unstructured":"D\u00edez Dorado R, Tagarro Garc\u00eda A, Baquero-Artigao F, Garc\u00eda-Miguel MJ, Ur\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez MJ, Pe\u00f1a Garc\u00eda P, del Castillo Mart\u00edn F. Non-typhi Salmonella bacteremia in children: an 11-year review. An Pediatr (Barc). 2004, 60:344-48. 10.1016\/s1695-4033(04)78281-8","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Barc)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198509000-00011","article-title":"Efficacy of bone marrow, blood, stool and duodenal contents cultures for bacteriologic confirmation of typhoid fever in children","volume":"4","author":"Vallenas C","year":"1985","unstructured":"Vallenas C, Hernandez H, Kay B, Black R, Gotuzzo E. Efficacy of bone marrow, blood, stool and duodenal contents cultures for bacteriologic confirmation of typhoid fever in children. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985, 4:496-8. 10.1097\/00006454-198509000-00011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-18","article-title":"Persistent infection and long-term carriage of typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae","volume":"32","author":"Gal-Mor O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gal-Mor O. Persistent infection and long-term carriage of typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019, 32:00088-18. 10.1128\/CMR.00088-18","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Ministry of health &amp; family welfare. (2022). Accessed. 04 Jan 2022: https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1787361."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_226_18","article-title":"Establishing antimicrobial resistance surveillance &AMP; research network in India: journey so far","volume":"149","author":"Walia K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walia K, Madhumathi J, Veeraraghavan B, et al.. Establishing antimicrobial resistance surveillance &amp;AMP; research network in India: journey so far. Indian J Med Res. 2019, 149:164-79. 10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_226_18","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0111","article-title":"Typhoid fever: way forward","volume":"99","author":"Bhutta ZA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA, Gaffey MF, Crump JA, et al.. Typhoid fever: way forward. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018, 99:89-96. 10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0111","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/180658-the-rise-of-non-typhoidal-salmonella-infections-in-india-causes-symptoms-and-prevention","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:54:32Z","timestamp":1707508472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/180658-the-rise-of-non-typhoidal-salmonella-infections-in-india-causes-symptoms-and-prevention"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.46699","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]}}}