{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:31:19Z","timestamp":1785227479070,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T12:13:27Z","timestamp":1699445607000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Shoulder Spasticity Treatment With Botulinum Toxin: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Clinical Practices"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Cam\u00f5es-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madjer","family":"Hatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Moeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Tocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.30.12.1303","article-title":"The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement: Robert Wartenberg lecture","volume":"30","author":"Lance JW","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lance JW. The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement: Robert Wartenberg lecture. Neurology. 1980, 30:1303-13. 10.1212\/wnl.30.12.1303","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400014592","article-title":"Theoretical and methodological considerations in the measurement of spasticity","volume":"27","author":"Burridge JH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burridge JH, Wood DE, Hermens HJ, et al.. Theoretical and methodological considerations in the measurement of spasticity. Disabil Rehabil. 2005, 27:69-80. 10.1080\/09638280400014592","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v11i5.3590","article-title":"Efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA for spasticity-associated pain in a series of patients with spasticity of diverse etiologies","volume":"11","author":"Camoes-Barbosa A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Camoes-Barbosa A. Efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA for spasticity-associated pain in a series of patients with spasticity of diverse etiologies. Med Res Arch. 2023, 11:3590. 10.18103\/mra.v11i5.3590","journal-title":"Med Res Arch"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.10.001","article-title":"Relationship between disability and health-related quality of life and caregiver burden in patients with upper limb poststroke spasticity","volume":"4","author":"Doan QV","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doan QV, Brashear A, Gillard PJ, Varon SF, Vandenburgh AM, Turkel CC, Elovic EP. Relationship between disability and health-related quality of life and caregiver burden in patients with upper limb poststroke spasticity. PM R. 2012, 4:4-10. 10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.10.001","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13120887","article-title":"Pain reduction in adults with limb spasticity following treatment with incobotulinumtoxinA: a pooled analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wissel J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wissel J, Cam\u00f5es-Barbosa A, Comes G, Althaus M, Scheschonka A, Simpson DM. Pain reduction in adults with limb spasticity following treatment with incobotulinumtoxinA: a pooled analysis. Toxins (Basel). 2021, 13:887. 10.3390\/toxins13120887","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182762448","article-title":"Toward an epidemiology of poststroke spasticity","volume":"80","author":"Wissel J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wissel J, Manack A, Brainin M. Toward an epidemiology of poststroke spasticity. Neurology. 2013, 80:S13-9. 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182762448","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2651","article-title":"Post hoc analysis of the improvement in shoulder spasticity and safety observed following treatment with incobotulinumtoxinA","volume":"52","author":"Wissel J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wissel J, Bensmail D, Scheschonka A, Flatau-Baqu\u00e9 B, Simon O, Althaus M, Simpson DM. Post hoc analysis of the improvement in shoulder spasticity and safety observed following treatment with incobotulinumtoxinA. J Rehabil Med. 2020, 52:jrm00028. 10.2340\/16501977-2651","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00216-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA for hemiparesis in adults with upper limb spasticity after stroke or traumatic brain injury: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Gracies JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gracies JM, Brashear A, Jech R, et al.. Safety and efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA for hemiparesis in adults with upper limb spasticity after stroke or traumatic brain injury: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015, 14:992-1001. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00216-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0066","article-title":"Is botulinum toxin type A effective in the treatment of spastic shoulder pain in patients after stroke? A double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Marco E","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marco E, Duarte E, Vila J, et al.. Is botulinum toxin type A effective in the treatment of spastic shoulder pain in patients after stroke? A double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Rehabil Med. 2007, 39:440-7. 10.2340\/16501977-0066","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.103341","article-title":"Treatment of shoulder pain in spastic hemiplegia by reducing spasticity of the subscapular muscle: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of botulinum toxin A","volume":"78","author":"Yelnik AP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yelnik AP, Colle FM, Bonan IV, Vicaut E. Treatment of shoulder pain in spastic hemiplegia by reducing spasticity of the subscapular muscle: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of botulinum toxin A. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007, 78:845-8. 10.1136\/jnnp.2006.103341","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506072082","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain associated with spasticity","volume":"21","author":"Kong KH","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kong KH, Neo JJ, Chua KS. A randomized controlled study of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain associated with spasticity. Clin Rehabil. 2007, 21:28-35. 10.1177\/0269215506072082","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.582197","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for the upper limb after stroke (BoTULS) trial: effect on impairment, activity limitation, and pain","volume":"42","author":"Shaw LC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaw LC, Price CI, van Wijck FM, et al.. Botulinum toxin for the upper limb after stroke (BoTULS) trial: effect on impairment, activity limitation, and pain. Stroke. 2011, 42:1371-9. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.582197","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004629","article-title":"A practical guide to botulinum neurotoxin treatment of shoulder spasticity 1: anatomy, physiology, and goal setting","volume":"13","author":"Jacinto J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacinto J, Cam\u00f5es-Barbosa A, Carda S, Hoad D, Wissel J. A practical guide to botulinum neurotoxin treatment of shoulder spasticity 1: anatomy, physiology, and goal setting. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:1004629. 10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004629","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1022549","article-title":"A practical guide to botulinum neurotoxin treatment of shoulder spasticity 2: Injection techniques, outcome measurement scales, and case studies","volume":"13","author":"Wissel J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wissel J, Cam\u00f5es-Barbosa A, Carda S, Hoad D, Jacinto J. A practical guide to botulinum neurotoxin treatment of shoulder spasticity 2: Injection techniques, outcome measurement scales, and case studies. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:1022549. 10.3389\/fneur.2022.1022549","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.01.016","article-title":"Effectiveness of botulinum toxin treatment for upper limb spasticity poststroke over different ICF domains: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Andringa A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andringa A, van de Port I, van Wegen E, Ket J, Meskers C, Kwakkel G. Effectiveness of botulinum toxin treatment for upper limb spasticity poststroke over different ICF domains: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019, 100:1703-25. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.01.016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12040251","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection for chronic shoulder pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Hsu PC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu PC, Wu WT, Han DS, Chang KV. Comparative effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection for chronic shoulder pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Toxins (Basel). 2020, 12:251. 10.3390\/toxins12040251","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034049","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided BoNT-A (botulinum toxin A) injection into the subscapularis for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Tan B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan B, Jia L. Ultrasound-guided BoNT-A (botulinum toxin A) injection into the subscapularis for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke. 2021, 52:3759-67. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034049","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010058","article-title":"Canadian physicians\u2019 use of intramuscular botulinum toxin injections for shoulder spasticity: a national cross-sectional survey","volume":"15","author":"Kassam F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kassam F, Lim B, Afroz S, Boissonnault \u00c8, Reebye R, Finlayson H, Winston P. Canadian physicians\u2019 use of intramuscular botulinum toxin injections for shoulder spasticity: a national cross-sectional survey. Toxins (Basel). 2023, 15:58. 10.3390\/toxins15010058","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1420009","article-title":"Analysis of a 15-years' experience in including shoulder muscles, when treating upper-limb spasticity post-stroke with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"25","author":"Carvalho MP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho MP, Pinto D, Gorayeb M, Jacinto J. Analysis of a 15-years' experience in including shoulder muscles, when treating upper-limb spasticity post-stroke with botulinum toxin type A. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2018, 25:194-202. 10.1080\/10749357.2017.1420009","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Spasticity in adults: management using botulinum toxin. National guidelines. Second Edition.","author":"Royal College of Physicians","year":"2018","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians. Spasticity in Adults: Management Using Botulinum Toxin. National Guidelines 2018. Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom.; 2018. https:\/\/www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/guidelines-policy\/spasticity-adults-management-using-botulinum-toxin."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2801","article-title":"Longitudinal goal attainment with integrated upper limb spasticity management including repeat injections of botulinum toxin A: findings from the prospective, observational Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS-III) cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Turner-Stokes L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turner-Stokes L, Jacinto J, Fheodoroff K, Brashear A, Maisonobe P, Lysandropoulos A, Ashford S. Longitudinal goal attainment with integrated upper limb spasticity management including repeat injections of botulinum toxin A: findings from the prospective, observational Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS-III) cohort study. J Rehabil Med. 2021, 53:jrm00157. 10.2340\/16501977-2801","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002771","article-title":"Results from the Upper Limb International Spasticity Study-II (ULIS-II): a large, international, prospective cohort study investigating practice and goal attainment following treatment with botulinum toxin A in real-life clinical management","volume":"3","author":"Turner-Stokes L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turner-Stokes L, Fheodoroff K, Jacinto J, Maisonobe P. Results from the Upper Limb International Spasticity Study-II (ULIS-II): a large, international, prospective cohort study investigating practice and goal attainment following treatment with botulinum toxin A in real-life clinical management. BMJ Open. 2013, 3:e002771. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002771","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbbs.2021.112004","article-title":"Ultrasound and electromyography as guidance tools for the botulinum toxin therapy in cervical dystonia","volume":"11","author":"Salazar G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salazar G, Ferreiro S, Fragoso M, Codas J, Cruz H. Ultrasound and electromyography as guidance tools for the botulinum toxin therapy in cervical dystonia. J Behav Brain Sci. 2021, 11:49-57. 10.4236\/jbbs.2021.112004","journal-title":"J Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14100674","article-title":"Does ultrasound guidance improve the effectiveness of neurotoxin injections in patients with cervical dystonia? (A prospective, partially-blinded, clinical study)","volume":"14","author":"Ty\u015blerowicz M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ty\u015blerowicz M, Dulski J, Gawryluk J, S\u0142awek J. Does ultrasound guidance improve the effectiveness of neurotoxin injections in patients with cervical dystonia? (A prospective, partially-blinded, clinical study). Toxins (Basel). 2022, 14:674. 10.3390\/toxins14100674","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.19211","article-title":"Accuracy of ultrasound-guided and non-guided botulinum toxin injection into neck muscles involved in cervical dystonia: a cadaveric study","volume":"44","author":"Ko YD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko YD, Yun SI, Ryoo D, Chung ME, Park J. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided and non-guided botulinum toxin injection into neck muscles involved in cervical dystonia: a cadaveric study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2020, 44:370-7. 10.5535\/arm.19211","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.02.017","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided lateral approach for needle insertion into the subscapularis for treatment of spasticity","volume":"93","author":"Rha DW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rha DW, Han SH, Kim HJ, Won SY, Lee SC. Ultrasound-guided lateral approach for needle insertion into the subscapularis for treatment of spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012, 93:1147-52. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.02.017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02312-4","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for botulinum toxin therapy: general algorithms and dosing tables for dystonia and spasticity","volume":"128","author":"Dressler D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dressler D, Altavista MC, Altenmueller E, et al.. Consensus guidelines for botulinum toxin therapy: general algorithms and dosing tables for dystonia and spasticity. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2021, 128:321-35. 10.1007\/s00702-021-02312-4","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8030065","article-title":"Conversion ratio between Botox\u00ae, Dysport\u00ae, and Xeomin\u00ae in clinical practice","volume":"8","author":"Scaglione F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scaglione F. Conversion ratio between Botox\u00ae, Dysport\u00ae, and Xeomin\u00ae in clinical practice. Toxins (Basel). 2016, 8:65. 10.3390\/toxins8030065","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507072772","article-title":"Early physiotherapy after injection of botulinum toxin increases the beneficial effects on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Giovannelli M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giovannelli M, Borriello G, Castri P, Prosperini L, Pozzilli C. Early physiotherapy after injection of botulinum toxin increases the beneficial effects on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil. 2007, 21:331-7. 10.1177\/0269215507072772","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins4080605","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin A injections influence stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit in an animal model","volume":"4","author":"Haubruck P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haubruck P, Mannava S, Plate JF, et al.. Botulinum neurotoxin A injections influence stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit in an animal model. Toxins (Basel). 2012, 4:605-19. 10.3390\/toxins4080605","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/201017-shoulder-spasticity-treatment-with-botulinum-toxin-a-nationwide-cross-sectional-survey-of-clinical-practices","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:11:04Z","timestamp":1707509464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/201017-shoulder-spasticity-treatment-with-botulinum-toxin-a-nationwide-cross-sectional-survey-of-clinical-practices"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48493","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]}}}