{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:30:29Z","timestamp":1775327429085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T23:04:15Z","timestamp":1700175855000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of the Association Between the Number of Intensivists and the Use of Cardiovascular Agonists: An Ecological Study Using Data From National Databases of Japan"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shohei","family":"Ono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200301000-00007","article-title":"Early indicators of prolonged intensive care unit stay: impact of illness severity, physician staffing, and pre-intensive care unit length of stay","volume":"31","author":"Higgins TL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins TL, McGee WT, Steingrub JS, Rapoport J, Lemeshow S, Teres D. Early indicators of prolonged intensive care unit stay: impact of illness severity, physician staffing, and pre-intensive care unit length of stay. Crit Care Med. 2003, 31:45-51. 10.1097\/00003246-200301000-00007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2151","article-title":"Physician staffing patterns and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review","volume":"288","author":"Pronovost PJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pronovost PJ, Angus DC, Dorman T, Robinson KA, Dremsizov TT, Young TL. Physician staffing patterns and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review. JAMA. 2002, 288:2151-62. 10.1001\/jama.288.17.2151","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-018-0322-8","article-title":"Treatment of patients with sepsis in a closed intensive care unit is associated with improved survival: a nationwide observational study in Japan","volume":"6","author":"Ogura T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogura T, Nakamura Y, Takahashi K, Nishida K, Kobashi D, Matsui S. Treatment of patients with sepsis in a closed intensive care unit is associated with improved survival: a nationwide observational study in Japan. J Intensive Care. 2018, 6:57. 10.1186\/s40560-018-0322-8","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.11.008","article-title":"Intensivists improve outcomes and compliance with process measures in critically ill patients","volume":"216","author":"Iyegha UP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iyegha UP, Asghar JI, Habermann EB, Broccard A, Weinert C, Beilman G. Intensivists improve outcomes and compliance with process measures in critically ill patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2013, 216:363-72. 10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.11.008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7643","article-title":"Effects of a closed ICU model on a general surgical ICU","volume":"13","author":"Chittawatanarat K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chittawatanarat K, Pamorsinlapathum T. Effects of a closed ICU model on a general surgical ICU. Crit Care. 2009, 13:P479. 10.1186\/cc7643","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The impact of an intensivist-model ICU on trauma-related mortality","volume":"244","author":"Nathens AB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nathens AB, Rivara FP, MacKenzie EJ, et al.. The impact of an intensivist-model ICU on trauma-related mortality. Ann Surg. 2006, 244:545-54.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9708039","article-title":"A \"closed\" medical intensive care unit (MICU) improves resource utilization when compared with an \"open\" MICU","volume":"157","author":"Multz AS","year":"1998","unstructured":"Multz AS, Chalfin DB, Samson IM, et al.. A \"closed\" medical intensive care unit (MICU) improves resource utilization when compared with an \"open\" MICU. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998, 157:1468-73. 10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9708039","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012677","article-title":"Admissions to intensive cardiac care units in France in 2014: a cross-sectional, nationwide population-based study","volume":"97","author":"Mercier G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mercier G, Duflos C, Riondel A, et al.. Admissions to intensive cardiac care units in France in 2014: a cross-sectional, nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018, 97:e12677. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000012677","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540040066035","article-title":"Effects of organizational change in the medical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital: a comparison of 'open' and 'closed' formats","volume":"276","author":"Carson SS","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carson SS, Stocking C, Podsadecki T, et al.. Effects of organizational change in the medical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital: a comparison of 'open' and 'closed' formats. JAMA. 1996, 276:322-8. 10.1001\/jama.1996.03540040066035","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016261","article-title":"Mortality rate and other clinical features observed in open vs closed format intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Yang Q","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Q, Du JL, Shao F. Mortality rate and other clinical features observed in open vs closed format intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019, 98:e16261. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000016261","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003709.pub4","article-title":"Vasopressors for hypotensive shock","volume":"2","author":"Gamper G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gamper G, Havel C, Arrich J, Losert H, Pace NL, M\u00fcllner M, Herkner H. Vasopressors for hypotensive shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016, 2:CD003709. 10.1002\/14651858.CD003709.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710320","article-title":"Vasopressor therapy in the intensive care unit","volume":"42","author":"Russell JA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Russell JA, Gordon AC, Williams MD, Boyd JH, Walley KR, Kissoon N. Vasopressor therapy in the intensive care unit. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021, 42:59-77. 10.1055\/s-0040-1710320","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118","article-title":"Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock","volume":"362","author":"De Backer D","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al.. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010, 362:779-89. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845","article-title":"Milrinone as compared with dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock","volume":"385","author":"Mathew R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathew R, Di Santo P, Jung RG, et al.. Milrinone as compared with dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2021, 385:516-25. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-03960-y","article-title":"Dopamine use and its consequences in the intensive care unit: a cohort study utilizing the Japanese intensive care patient database","volume":"26","author":"Suzuki R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suzuki R, Uchino S, Sasabuchi Y, Kawarai Lefor A, Sanui M. Dopamine use and its consequences in the intensive care unit: a cohort study utilizing the Japanese intensive care patient database. Crit Care. 2022, 26:90. 10.1186\/s13054-022-03960-y","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066616647941","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of second vasoactive agents in septic shock refractory to norepinephrine","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen HB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen HB, Lu S, Possagnoli I, Stokes P. Comparative effectiveness of second vasoactive agents in septic shock refractory to norepinephrine. J Intensive Care Med. 2017, 32:451-9. 10.1177\/0885066616647941","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201604-259OC","article-title":"Epidemiology of vasopressin use for adults with septic shock","volume":"13","author":"Vail EA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vail EA, Gershengorn HB, Hua M, Walkey AJ, Wunsch H. Epidemiology of vasopressin use for adults with septic shock. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016, 13:1760-7. 10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201604-259OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.155064","article-title":"Extensive variability in vasoactive agent therapy: a nationwide survey in Chinese intensive care units","volume":"128","author":"Pei XB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pei XB, Ma PL, Li JG, et al.. Extensive variability in vasoactive agent therapy: a nationwide survey in Chinese intensive care units. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015, 128:1014-20. 10.4103\/0366-6999.155064","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13270","article-title":"Survey of severe sepsis and septic shock management in Thailand: Thai-Shock Survey 2013","volume":"18","author":"Chittawatanarat K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chittawatanarat K, Patjanasoontorn B, Rungruanghiranya S. Survey of severe sepsis and septic shock management in Thailand: Thai-Shock Survey 2013. Crit Care. 2014, 18:P80. 10.1186\/cc13270","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. NDB open data [Website in Japanese]. (2023). Accessed: January 30, 2023: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/seisakunitsuite\/bunya\/0000177182.html."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"The Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine. List of certified intensive care specialists [Website in Japanese]. (2023). Accessed: January 30, 2023: https:\/\/www.jsicm.org\/specialist\/."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Statistics of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists. (2023). Accessed. January 30, 2023: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/database\/db-hss\/spdp.html."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Statistics Bureau of Japan. Result of the population estimates. (2023). Accessed: January 30, 2023: https:\/\/www.stat.go.jp\/english\/data\/jinsui\/2.html."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. The National Atlas of Japan. (2023). Accessed: January 30, 2023: https:\/\/www.gsi.go.jp\/atlas\/atlas-e-etsuran.html."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318168c74a","article-title":"Can we prevent acute kidney injury?","volume":"36","author":"Venkataraman R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Venkataraman R. Can we prevent acute kidney injury?. Crit Care Med. 2008, 36:S166-71. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318168c74a","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000096188.35789.37","article-title":"Is there still a place for dopamine in the modern intensive care unit?","volume":"98","author":"Debaveye YA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Debaveye YA, Van den Berghe GH. Is there still a place for dopamine in the modern intensive care unit?. Anesth Analg. 2004, 98:461-8. 10.1213\/01.ANE.0000096188.35789.37","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.4.1266","article-title":"Bad medicine: low-dose dopamine in the ICU","volume":"123","author":"Holmes CL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holmes CL, Walley KR. Bad medicine: low-dose dopamine in the ICU. Chest. 2003, 123:1266-75. 10.1378\/chest.123.4.1266","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al.. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021, 47:1181-247. 10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al.. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017, 43:304-77. 10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012","volume":"41","author":"Dellinger RP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al.. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013, 41:580-637. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/203731-analysis-of-the-association-between-the-number-of-intensivists-and-the-use-of-cardiovascular-agonists-an-ecological-study-using-data-from-national-databases-of-japan","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:11:40Z","timestamp":1707509500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/203731-analysis-of-the-association-between-the-number-of-intensivists-and-the-use-of-cardiovascular-agonists-an-ecological-study-using-data-from-national-databases-of-japan"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48912","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]}}}