{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:13:57Z","timestamp":1790212437435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T13:05:01Z","timestamp":1700312701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Impact of Using Carbohydrate Counting on Managing Diabetic Patients: A Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sara M","family":"H. Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham A","family":"Shahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamar  A","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah K","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20473\/amnt.v5i4.2021.395-407","article-title":"The benefits of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review","volume":"5","author":"Khoiriani IN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khoiriani IN, Dhiyanti AY, Firmansyah RF, Handayani D. The benefits of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. Amerta Nutr. 2021, 5:395-407. 10.20473\/amnt.v5i4.2021.395-407","journal-title":"Amerta Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.06.003","article-title":"Advanced carbohydrate counting: an engineering perspective","volume":"48","author":"Reiterer F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reiterer F, Freckmann G. Advanced carbohydrate counting: an engineering perspective. Annu Rev Control. 2019, 48:401-22. 10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.06.003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Control"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i6.850","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: the epidemic of the century","volume":"6","author":"Kharroubi AT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kharroubi AT, Darwish HM. Diabetes mellitus: the epidemic of the century. World J Diabetes. 2015, 6:850-67. 10.4239\/wjd.v6.i6.850","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010109","article-title":"Carbohydrate counting in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Tascini G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tascini G, Berioli MG, Cerquiglini L, et al.. Carbohydrate counting in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nutrients. 2018, 10:10.3390\/nu10010109","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2015.09.002","article-title":"Knowledge of carbohydrate counting and insulin dose calculations in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Finner N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finner N, Quinn A, Donovan A, O'Leary O, O'Gorman CS. Knowledge of carbohydrate counting and insulin dose calculations in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. BBA Clin. 2015, 4:99-101. 10.1016\/j.bbacli.2015.09.002","journal-title":"BBA Clin"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030373","article-title":"The effect of dietary glycaemic index on glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Ojo O","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ojo O, Ojo OO, Adebowale F, Wang XH. The effect of dietary glycaemic index on glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2018, 10:10.3390\/nu10030373","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0100","article-title":"Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era","volume":"38","author":"Bell KJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell KJ, Smart CE, Steil GM, Brand-Miller JC, King B, Wolpert HA. Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era. Diabetes Care. 2015, 38:1008-15. 10.2337\/dc15-0100","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2021.42.5.20200422","article-title":"The association between diabetes numeracy and diabetes self-management among Saudi adults with insulin-treated diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Alruhaim HY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alruhaim HY, Almigbal TH, Almutairi JS, et al.. The association between diabetes numeracy and diabetes self-management among Saudi adults with insulin-treated diabetes. Saudi Med J. 2021, 42:517-25. 10.15537\/smj.2021.42.5.20200422","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-Sint","article-title":"Introduction: standards of medical care in diabetes - 2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","unstructured":"Introduction. standards of medical care in diabetes - 2021. Diabetes Care. 2021, 44:S1-2. 10.2337\/dc21-Sint","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147553","article-title":"Maturity onset diabetes of the young-new approaches for disease modelling","volume":"22","author":"Skoczek D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skoczek D, Dulak J, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N. Maturity onset diabetes of the young-new approaches for disease modelling. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:10.3390\/ijms22147553","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1239735","article-title":"Knowledge about diabetes and glycemic control among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia","volume":"2020","author":"Abouammoh NA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abouammoh NA, Alshamrani MA. Knowledge about diabetes and glycemic control among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. J Diabetes Res. 2020, 2020:1239735. 10.1155\/2020\/1239735","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21833\/ijaas.2021.05.010","article-title":"Analysis of prevalence and incidence trends of diabetes mellitus in Majmaah City, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: a trend of 3 years retrospective study (2017-2019)","volume":"8","author":"Alharbi RA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alharbi RA. Analysis of prevalence and incidence trends of diabetes mellitus in Majmaah City, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: a trend of 3 years retrospective study (2017-2019). Int J Adv Appl Sci. 2021, 8:84-8. 10.21833\/ijaas.2021.05.010","journal-title":"Int J Adv Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2017.10.001","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: an overview","volume":"7","author":"Alotaibi A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alotaibi A, Perry L, Gholizadeh L, Al-Ganmi A. Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: an overview. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017, 7:211-8. 10.1016\/j.jegh.2017.10.001","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2194604","article-title":"Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, and its associated risk factors among males in Saudi Arabia: a population-based survey","volume":"2018","author":"Aldossari KK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aldossari KK, Aldiab A, Al-Zahrani JM, et al.. Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, and its associated risk factors among males in Saudi Arabia: a population-based survey. J Diabetes Res. 2018, 2018:2194604. 10.1155\/2018\/2194604","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia","volume":"25","author":"Al-Nozha MM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Al-Nozha MM, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, et al.. Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2004, 25:1603-10.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Davidson\u2019s Principles and Practice of Medicine","author":"Stuart HR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stuart HR, lan DP, Mark WJS, Richard PH. Davidson\u2019s Principles and Practice of Medicine. Elsevier, London, England; 2022."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S009","article-title":"Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021, 44:S111-24. 10.2337\/dc21-S009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2007.00287.x","article-title":"The importance of carbohydrate counting in the treatment of children with diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Kawamura T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kawamura T. The importance of carbohydrate counting in the treatment of children with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007, 8:57-62. 10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2007.00287.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2022-000553","article-title":"Evaluation of carbohydrate counting knowledge among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Bawazeer NM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bawazeer NM, Alshehri LH, Alharbi NM, Alhazmi NA, Alrubaysh AF, Alkasser AR, Aburisheh KH. Evaluation of carbohydrate counting knowledge among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2022, 5:344-51. 10.1136\/bmjnph-2022-000553","journal-title":"BMJ Nutr Prev Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032893","article-title":"Effects of basic carbohydrate counting versus standard outpatient nutritional education (The BCC Study): study protocol for a randomised, parallel open-label, intervention study focusing on HbA1c and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Ewers B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ewers B, Bruun JM, Vilsb\u00f8ll T. Effects of basic carbohydrate counting versus standard outpatient nutritional education (The BCC Study): study protocol for a randomised, parallel open-label, intervention study focusing on HbA1c and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2019, 9:e032893. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032893","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029859","article-title":"The dietary education trial in carbohydrate counting (DIET-CARB Study): study protocol for a randomised, parallel, open-label, intervention study comparing different approaches to dietary self-management in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Ewers B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ewers B, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, Andersen HU, Bruun JM. The dietary education trial in carbohydrate counting (DIET-CARB Study): study protocol for a randomised, parallel, open-label, intervention study comparing different approaches to dietary self-management in patients with type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2019, 9:e029859. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029859","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1540-4153.12.3.138","article-title":"Understanding basic carbohydrate counting, glycemic index, and glycemic load for improved glycemic control in Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Ortiz LG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ortiz LG, Berry DC, Ruiz OC, Gonz\u00e1lez ER, P\u00e9rez PA, Rivas Edel \u00c1. Understanding basic carbohydrate counting, glycemic index, and glycemic load for improved glycemic control in Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hisp Health Care Int. 2014, 12:138-45. 10.1891\/1540-4153.12.3.138","journal-title":"Hisp Health Care Int"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0080.2011.01567.x","article-title":"Carbohydrate and preprandial insulin determination in diabetes: a review","volume":"13","author":"Morgan AC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morgan AC. Carbohydrate and preprandial insulin determination in diabetes: a review. Nutr Diet. 2012, 13:51-5. 10.1111\/j.1747-0080.2011.01567.x","journal-title":"Nutr Diet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.05.005","article-title":"Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: an international scientific consensus summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC)","volume":"25","author":"Augustin LS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Augustin LS, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, et al.. Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: an international scientific consensus summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015, 25:795-815. 10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.05.005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i2.15","article-title":"The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions","volume":"16","author":"Eleazu CO","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eleazu CO. The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions. Afr Health Sci. 2016, 16:468-79. 10.4314\/ahs.v16i2.15","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061561","article-title":"Glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) and dietary interventions for optimizing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with T2 diabetes: a review","volume":"12","author":"Vlachos D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vlachos D, Malisova S, Lindberg FA, Karaniki G. Glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) and dietary interventions for optimizing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with T2 diabetes: a review. Nutrients. 2020, 12:10.3390\/nu12061561","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102989","article-title":"Mens sana in corpore sano: does the glycemic index have a role to play?","volume":"12","author":"Carneiro L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carneiro L, Leloup C. Mens sana in corpore sano: does the glycemic index have a role to play?. Nutrients. 2020, 12:10.3390\/nu12102989","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-020-0118-5","article-title":"Postprandial blood glucose response: does the glycaemic index (GI) value matter even in the low GI range?","volume":"10","author":"Kaur B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur B, Koh M, Ponnalagu S, Henry CJ. Postprandial blood glucose response: does the glycaemic index (GI) value matter even in the low GI range?. Nutr Diabetes. 2020, 10:15. 10.1038\/s41387-020-0118-5","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Glycemic index and glycemic load. (2022). Accessed. March 19, 2022: https:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/food-beverages\/glycemic-index-glycemic-load."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036474","article-title":"Study protocol for optimising glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring, carbohydrate counting with automated bolus calculation, or both? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Secher AL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Secher AL, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Svendsen OL, et al.. Study protocol for optimising glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring, carbohydrate counting with automated bolus calculation, or both? A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2020, 10:e036474. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036474","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.08.010","article-title":"Impact of advanced and basic carbohydrate counting methods on metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Souto DL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Souto DL, Zajdenverg L, Rodacki M, Rosado EL. Impact of advanced and basic carbohydrate counting methods on metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. Nutrition. 2014, 30:286-90. 10.1016\/j.nut.2013.08.010","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/Jcrpe.1191","article-title":"Effects of carbohydrate counting method on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"G\u00f6k\u015fen D","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00f6k\u015fen D, Atik Alt\u0131nok Y, Ozen S, Demir G, Darcan S. Effects of carbohydrate counting method on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014, 6:74-8. 10.4274\/Jcrpe.1191","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37067","article-title":"Effectiveness of advanced carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fu S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu S, Li L, Deng S, Zan L, Liu Z. Effectiveness of advanced carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016, 6:37067. 10.1038\/srep37067","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.009","article-title":"Assessment guidance of carbohydrate counting method in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Martins MR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martins MR, Ambrosio AC, Nery M, Aquino Rde C, Queiroz MS. Assessment guidance of carbohydrate counting method in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes. 2014, 8:39-42. 10.1016\/j.pcd.2013.04.009","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2020.0276","article-title":"Efficacy of bolus calculation and advanced carbohydrate counting in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Christensen MB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christensen MB, Serifovski N, Herz AM, et al.. Efficacy of bolus calculation and advanced carbohydrate counting in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021, 23:95-103. 10.1089\/dia.2020.0276","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/179352-the-impact-of-using-carbohydrate-counting-on-managing-diabetic-patients-a-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:11:47Z","timestamp":1707509507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/179352-the-impact-of-using-carbohydrate-counting-on-managing-diabetic-patients-a-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48998","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]}}}