{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T15:03:33Z","timestamp":1793286213625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T14:40:45Z","timestamp":1700318445000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myositis\/Myasthenia Gravis Overlap"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gosser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Al Bawaliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waled","family":"Bahaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Chesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.10.015","article-title":"Checkpoint blocking antibodies in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"588","author":"Kyi C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kyi C, Postow MA. Checkpoint blocking antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. FEBS Lett. 2014, 588:368-76. 10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.10.015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Hematology\/Oncology (Cancer) approvals &amp; safety notifications. (2018). Accessed. September 19, 2022: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/InformationOnDrugs\/ApprovedDrugs\/ucm279174.htm."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1916","article-title":"Pembrolizumab cutaneous adverse events and their association with disease progression","volume":"151","author":"Sanlorenzo M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Daud A, et al.. Pembrolizumab cutaneous adverse events and their association with disease progression. JAMA Dermatol. 2015, 151:1206-12. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1916","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44173","article-title":"PD-1 inhibitors increase the incidence and risk of pneumonitis in cancer patients in a dose-independent manner: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Wu J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu J, Hong D, Zhang X, Lu X, Miao J. PD-1 inhibitors increase the incidence and risk of pneumonitis in cancer patients in a dose-independent manner: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017, 7:44173. 10.1038\/srep44173","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13118","article-title":"PD-1 inhibitor gastroenterocolitis: case series and appraisal of 'immunomodulatory gastroenterocolitis'","volume":"70","author":"Gonzalez RS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonzalez RS, Salaria SN, Bohannon CD, Huber AR, Feely MM, Shi C. PD-1 inhibitor gastroenterocolitis: case series and appraisal of 'immunomodulatory gastroenterocolitis'. Histopathology. 2017, 70:558-67. 10.1111\/his.13118","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1912","article-title":"Neurological complications associated with anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies","volume":"74","author":"Kao JC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kao JC, Liao B, Markovic SN, et al.. Neurological complications associated with anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies. JAMA Neurol. 2017, 74:1216-22. 10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1912","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.07.025","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a review when cardiology meets immuno-oncology","volume":"119","author":"Chen DY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen DY, Huang WK, Chien-Chia Wu V, Chang WC, Chen JS, Chuang CK, Chu PH. Cardiovascular toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a review when cardiology meets immuno-oncology. J Formos Med Assoc. 2020, 119:1461-75. 10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.07.025","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.06.002","article-title":"Endocrine-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade and expert insights on their management","volume":"58","author":"Sznol M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sznol M, Postow MA, Davies MJ, et al.. Endocrine-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade and expert insights on their management. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017, 58:70-6. 10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.06.002","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x","article-title":"The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"236","author":"Francisco LM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Francisco LM, Sage PT, Sharpe AH. The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2010, 236:219-42. 10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.6738","article-title":"The common gamma-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 induce the expression of programmed death-1 and its ligands","volume":"181","author":"Kinter AL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kinter AL, Godbout EJ, McNally JP, Sereti I, Roby GA, O'Shea MA, Fauci AS. The common gamma-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 induce the expression of programmed death-1 and its ligands. J Immunol. 2008, 181:6738-46. 10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.6738","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41604","article-title":"Inflammatory myositis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"73","author":"Aldrich J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aldrich J, Pundole X, Tummala S, et al.. Inflammatory myositis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021, 73:866-74. 10.1002\/art.41604","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-019-0811-3","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myositis: a case report and literature review","volume":"21","author":"Kadota H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kadota H, Gono T, Shirai Y, Okazaki Y, Takeno M, Kuwana M. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myositis: a case report and literature review. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2019, 21:10. 10.1007\/s11926-019-0811-3","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw126","article-title":"Pembrolizumab-induced necrotic myositis in a patient with metastatic melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Vallet H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vallet H, Gaillet A, Weiss N, et al.. Pembrolizumab-induced necrotic myositis in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2016, 27:1352-3. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdw126","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.05.006","article-title":"Myositis as an adverse event of immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy","volume":"48","author":"Shah M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah M, Tayar JH, Abdel-Wahab N, Suarez-Almazor ME. Myositis as an adverse event of immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019, 48:736-40. 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.05.006","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130301","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory human Th17 cells selectively express P-glycoprotein and are refractory to glucocorticoids","volume":"211","author":"Ramesh R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramesh R, Kozhaya L, McKevitt K, et al.. Pro-inflammatory human Th17 cells selectively express P-glycoprotein and are refractory to glucocorticoids. J Exp Med. 2014, 211:89-104. 10.1084\/jem.20130301","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24689","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of interleukin-6 blockade in a murine model of polymyositis that does not require interleukin-17A","volume":"60","author":"Okiyama N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okiyama N, Sugihara T, Iwakura Y, Yokozeki H, Miyasaka N, Kohsaka H. Therapeutic effects of interleukin-6 blockade in a murine model of polymyositis that does not require interleukin-17A. Arthritis Rheum. 2009, 60:2505-12. 10.1002\/art.24689","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.05.005","article-title":"Tocilizumab for refractory severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis","volume":"31","author":"Doms J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doms J, Prior JO, Peters S, Obeid M. Tocilizumab for refractory severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis. Ann Oncol. 2020, 31:1273-5. 10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.05.005","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.125","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis","volume":"102","author":"Crusz SM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crusz SM, Radunovic A, Shepherd S, et al.. Rituximab in the treatment of pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis. Eur J Cancer. 2018, 102:49-51. 10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.125","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew146","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of inflammatory myopathies: a review","volume":"56","author":"Fasano S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fasano S, Gordon P, Hajji R, Loyo E, Isenberg DA. Rituximab in the treatment of inflammatory myopathies: a review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017, 56:26-36. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew146","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/188206-immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-induced-myositismyasthenia-gravis-overlap","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:06:09Z","timestamp":1707509169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/188206-immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-induced-myositismyasthenia-gravis-overlap"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.49007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]]}}}