{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T05:33:32Z","timestamp":1768368812571,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T10:59:38Z","timestamp":1701082778000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pure White Cell Aplasia Associated With Long-Term Unprotected Exposure to High Concentrations of Benzalkonium Chloride and 2-Phenoxyethanol"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mathias","family":"Lutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel T","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Farf\u00e1n L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hirschb\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-018-02573-y","article-title":"Complete remission of pure white cell aplasia associated with thymoma after thymectomy and cyclosporine administration","volume":"109","author":"Kobayashi Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Ando K, Hata T, et al.. Complete remission of pure white cell aplasia associated with thymoma after thymectomy and cyclosporine administration. Int J Hematol. 2019, 109:346-50. 10.1007\/s12185-018-02573-y","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2003.00023.x","article-title":"Complete remission of pure white cell aplasia associated with thymoma, autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Fumeaux Z","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fumeaux Z, Beris P, Borisch B, Sarasin FP, Roosnek E, Dayer JM, Chizzolini C. Complete remission of pure white cell aplasia associated with thymoma, autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes. Eur J Haematol. 2003, 70:186-9. 10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2003.00023.x","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8436-21","article-title":"Pure white cell aplasia complicated by systemic sclerosis with accompanying scleroderma renal crisis","volume":"61","author":"Suzuki E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suzuki E, Oda R, Kanno T, et al.. Pure white cell aplasia complicated by systemic sclerosis with accompanying scleroderma renal crisis. Intern Med. 2022, 61:1907-12. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.8436-21","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-481036","article-title":"Pure white cell aplasia in a patient with thymic carcinoma","volume":"122","author":"Desai PC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Desai PC, Jones P. Pure white cell aplasia in a patient with thymic carcinoma. Blood. 2013, 122:1340. 10.1182\/blood-2013-03-481036","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2013-100427","article-title":"Pure white cell aplasia: report of first case associated with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Keast T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keast T, Weeraman D, Mayhead P, Grace R, Mathe S. Pure white cell aplasia: report of first case associated with autoimmune hepatitis. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2014, 5:1340. 10.1136\/flgastro-2013-100427","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.06018","article-title":"Pure white cell aplasia: report of the first case associated with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"85","author":"Tamura H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tamura H, Okamoto M, Yamashita T, et al.. Pure white cell aplasia: report of the first case associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Int J Hematol. 2007, 85:97-100. 10.1532\/IJH97.06018","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540510040205","article-title":"Imipenem-cilastatin induced pure white cell aplasia","volume":"37","author":"Kalambokis G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalambokis G, Vassou A, Bourantas K, Tsianos EV. Imipenem-cilastatin induced pure white cell aplasia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005, 37:619-20. 10.1080\/00365540510040205","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21089\/njhs.22.0088","article-title":"Drug induced pure white cell aplasia: a case report and review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Jamal A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamal A, Zaidi U, Kazmi JH, Borhany M, Rizvi Q, Shamsi T. Drug induced pure white cell aplasia: a case report and review of literature. Natl J Health Sci. 2017, 2:88-91. 10.21089\/njhs.22.0088","journal-title":"Natl J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2018.0145","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride demonstrates concentration-dependent antiviral activity against adenovirus in vitro","volume":"35","author":"Romanowski EG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Romanowski EG, Yates KA, Shanks RM, Kowalski RP. Benzalkonium chloride demonstrates concentration-dependent antiviral activity against adenovirus in vitro. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2019, 35:311-4. 10.1089\/jop.2018.0145","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.6.660","article-title":"Effects of nasal saline spray on human neutrophils","volume":"129","author":"Boston M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boston M, Dobratz EJ, Buescher ES, Darrow DH. Effects of nasal saline spray on human neutrophils. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003, 129:660-4. 10.1001\/archotol.129.6.660","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2017.1390","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride","volume":"31","author":"Johnson NF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnson NF. Pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2018, 31:1-17. 10.1089\/jamp.2017.1390","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12071076","article-title":"Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on healthy human skin cells","volume":"12","author":"G\u0142az P","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u0142az P, Rosi\u0144ska A, Wo\u017aniak S, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Biernasiuk A, Matosiuk D. Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on healthy human skin cells. Cells. 2023, 12:1076. 10.3390\/cells12071076","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15944","article-title":"Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics","volume":"33","author":"Dr\u00e9no B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dr\u00e9no B, Zuberbier T, Gelmetti C, Gontijo G, Marinovich M. Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019, 33:15-24. 10.1111\/jdv.15944","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Haematological effects of 2-phenoxyethanol in vivo and haemolytic activity of 2-phenoxyacetic acid in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Starek A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Starek A, Jarosz J, Starek-\u015awiechowicz B, Zap\u00f3r L. Haematological effects of 2-phenoxyethanol in vivo and haemolytic activity of 2-phenoxyacetic acid in vitro. Acta Toxicol. 2007, 15:39-48.","journal-title":"Acta Toxicol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58170-9","article-title":"The potential risk assessment of phenoxyethanol with a versatile model system","volume":"10","author":"Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz M\u00c7","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz M\u00c7, \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu K, Yal\u00e7\u0131n E. The potential risk assessment of phenoxyethanol with a versatile model system. Sci Rep. 2020, 10:1209. 10.1038\/s41598-020-58170-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305123081908","article-title":"Pure white-cell aplasia\u2014antibody-mediated autoimmune inhibition of granulopoiesis","volume":"308","author":"Levitt LJ","year":"1983","unstructured":"Levitt LJ, Ries CA, Greenberg PL. Pure white-cell aplasia\u2014antibody-mediated autoimmune inhibition of granulopoiesis. N Engl J Med. 1983, 308:1141-6. 10.1056\/NEJM198305123081908","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4161679","article-title":"Pure white cell aplasia and necrotizing myositis","volume":"2016","author":"Kim PG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim PG, Suh J, Adelman MW, Oduro K, Williams E, Brunner AM, Kuter DJ. Pure white cell aplasia and necrotizing myositis. Case Rep Hematol. 2016, 2016:4161679. 10.1155\/2016\/4161679","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.5742","article-title":"Pure white cell aplasia an exceptional condition in the immunological conundrum of thymomas: responses to immunosuppression and literature review","volume":"10","author":"C\u00e9spedes L\u00f3pez R","year":"2022","unstructured":"C\u00e9spedes L\u00f3pez R, Amutio D\u00edez E, Mart\u00edn Martitegui X, et al.. Pure white cell aplasia an exceptional condition in the immunological conundrum of thymomas: responses to immunosuppression and literature review. Clin Case Rep. 2022, 10:e05742. 10.1002\/ccr3.5742","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000491","article-title":"Durvalumab-induced pure white cell aplasia","author":"Lin J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin J, Rodriguez-Martinez P, Oo TH, Shuyu E, Jorgensen J, Rojas-Hernandez CM. Durvalumab-induced pure white cell aplasia. J Immunother. 2023, 10-1097. 10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000491","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.1.7","article-title":"Neutrophil disorders and their management","volume":"54","author":"Lakshman R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lakshman R, Finn A. Neutrophil disorders and their management. J Clin Pathol. 2001, 54:7-19. 10.1136\/jcp.54.1.7","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/204069-pure-white-cell-aplasia-associated-with-long-term-unprotected-exposure-to-high-concentrations-of-benzalkonium-chloride-and-2-phenoxyethanol","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:10:51Z","timestamp":1707509451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/204069-pure-white-cell-aplasia-associated-with-long-term-unprotected-exposure-to-high-concentrations-of-benzalkonium-chloride-and-2-phenoxyethanol"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.49473","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]}}}