{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:39:13Z","timestamp":1782243553670,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T18:15:47Z","timestamp":1701800147000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reduction in Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, and Choroidal Thickness in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mahmut Zabit","family":"Kara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Hamdi","family":"\u00d6r\u00fcm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe Sevgi","family":"Karada\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysun","family":"Kalendero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131han","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. APA, Washington, DC; 2013."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Data & statistics on autism spectrum disorder. (2023). Accessed. April 4, 2023: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/autism\/data.html."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-021-00673-0","article-title":"Structural, functional, and molecular imaging of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"37","author":"Li X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang K, He X, et al.. Structural, functional, and molecular imaging of autism spectrum disorder. Neurosci Bull. 2021, 37:1051-71. 10.1007\/s12264-021-00673-0","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S349247","article-title":"Abnormalities of gray matter volume and its correlation with clinical symptoms in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder","volume":"18","author":"Zhao X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao X, Zhu S, Cao Y, et al.. Abnormalities of gray matter volume and its correlation with clinical symptoms in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022, 18:717-30. 10.2147\/NDT.S349247","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy321","article-title":"The superficial white matter in autism and its role in connectivity anomalies and symptom severity","volume":"29","author":"Hong SJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong SJ, Hyung B, Paquola C, Bernhardt BC. The superficial white matter in autism and its role in connectivity anomalies and symptom severity. Cereb Cortex. 2019, 29:4415-25. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhy321","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj069","article-title":"Anatomical differences in the mirror neuron system and social cognition network in autism","volume":"16","author":"Hadjikhani N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hadjikhani N, Joseph RM, Snyder J, Tager-Flusberg H. Anatomical differences in the mirror neuron system and social cognition network in autism. Cereb Cortex. 2006, 16:1276-82. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhj069","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054716664412","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with ADHD","volume":"22","author":"Herg\u00fcner A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herg\u00fcner A, Alpfidan \u0130, Yar A, Erdo\u011fan E, Metin \u00d6, Sakarya Y, Herg\u00fcner S. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2018, 22:619-26. 10.1177\/1087054716664412","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14706","article-title":"Relationships between retinal layer thickness and brain volumes in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"28","author":"Chua SY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chua SY, Lascaratos G, Atan D, et al.. Relationships between retinal layer thickness and brain volumes in the UK Biobank cohort. Eur J Neurol. 2021, 28:1490-8. 10.1111\/ene.14706","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10081386","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography with angiography in multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Chalkias IN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chalkias IN, Bakirtzis C, Pirounides D, Boziki MK, Grigoriadis N. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography with angiography in multiple sclerosis. Healthcare (Basel). 2022, 10:1386. 10.3390\/healthcare10081386","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S235238","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in patients with Alzheimer's disease: what can it tell us?","volume":"13","author":"Song A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song A, Johnson N, Ayala A, Thompson AC. Optical coherence tomography in patients with Alzheimer's disease: what can it tell us?. Eye Brain. 2021, 13:1-20. 10.2147\/EB.S235238","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2017.11.006","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography findings in Parkinson's disease","volume":"34","author":"Aydin TS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aydin TS, Umit D, Nur OM, Fatih U, Asena K, Nefise OY, Serpil Y. Optical coherence tomography findings in Parkinson's disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018, 34:166-71. 10.1016\/j.kjms.2017.11.006","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.039","article-title":"Optic coherence tomography shows inflammation and degeneration in major depressive disorder patients correlated with disease severity","volume":"204","author":"Kalenderoglu A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalenderoglu A, \u00c7elik M, Sevgi-Karadag A, Egilmez OB. Optic coherence tomography shows inflammation and degeneration in major depressive disorder patients correlated with disease severity. J Affect Disord. 2016, 204:159-65. 10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.039","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1939-z","article-title":"Reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in young adults with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"44","author":"Emberti Gialloreti L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Emberti Gialloreti L, Pardini M, Benassi F, et al.. Reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014, 44:873-82. 10.1007\/s10803-013-1939-z","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22238","article-title":"Comparison of Foveal, macular, and peripapillary intraretinal thicknesses between autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical subjects","volume":"58","author":"Garc\u00eda-Medina JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Medina JJ, Garc\u00eda-Pi\u00f1ero M, Del-R\u00edo-Vellosillo M, et al.. Comparison of Foveal, macular, and peripapillary intraretinal thicknesses between autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017, 58:5819-26. 10.1167\/iovs.17-22238","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Investigation of retinal thickness using OCT in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"57","author":"Little JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Little JA, Anketell PM, Doyle L, Saunders K. Investigation of retinal thickness using OCT in autism spectrum disorder. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016, 57:4217.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05882-8","article-title":"Retinal thinning in adults with autism spectrum disorder [PREPRINT]","author":"Friedel EB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friedel EB, Tebartz van Elst L, Sch\u00e4fer M, et al.. Retinal thinning in adults with autism spectrum disorder [PREPRINT]. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022, 10.1007\/s10803-022-05882-8","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2022.102050","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"98","author":"Bozkurt A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bozkurt A, Say GN, Sahin B, et al.. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2022, 98:102050. 10.1016\/j.rasd.2022.102050","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5080\/u11197","article-title":"Validity and reliability analysis of Turkish version of childhood autism Rating Scale (Article in Turkish)","volume":"27","author":"\u0130nceka\u015f Gassalo\u011flu S","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u0130nceka\u015f Gassalo\u011flu S, Baykara B, Avcil S, Demiral Y. Validity and reliability analysis of Turkish version of childhood autism Rating Scale (Article in Turkish). Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2016, 27:266-74. 10.5080\/u11197","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Validity of the schedule for Affective Disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and Lifetime version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T) (Article in Turkish)","volume":"30","author":"\u00dcnal F","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00dcnal F, \u00d6ktem F, \u00c7etin \u00c7uhadaro\u011flu F, et al.. Validity of the schedule for Affective Disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and Lifetime version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T) (Article in Turkish). Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019, 30:42-50.","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328334e99b","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography of the retina: applications in neurology","volume":"23","author":"Jindahra P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jindahra P, Hedges TR, Mendoza-Santiesteban CE, Plant GT. Optical coherence tomography of the retina: applications in neurology. Curr Opin Neurol. 2010, 23:16-23. 10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328334e99b","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301010","article-title":"Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in school-aged prematurely-born children compared to children born at term","volume":"96","author":"\u00c5kerblom H","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00c5kerblom H, Holmstr\u00f6m G, Eriksson U, Larsson E. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in school-aged prematurely-born children compared to children born at term. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012, 96:956-60. 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13005-8","article-title":"Altered structural brain asymmetry in autism spectrum disorder in a study of 54 datasets","volume":"10","author":"Postema MC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Postema MC, van Rooij D, Anagnostou E, et al.. Altered structural brain asymmetry in autism spectrum disorder in a study of 54 datasets. Nat Commun. 2019, 10:4958. 10.1038\/s41467-019-13005-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32832ae501","article-title":"Untreated illness duration correlates with gray matter loss in first-episode psychoses","volume":"20","author":"Bangalore SS","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bangalore SS, Goradia DD, Nutche J, Diwadkar VA, Prasad KM, Keshavan MS. Untreated illness duration correlates with gray matter loss in first-episode psychoses. Neuroreport. 2009, 20:729-34. 10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32832ae501","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.035","article-title":"Retinal layer segmentation in patients with multiple sclerosis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"121","author":"Garcia-Martin E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garcia-Martin E, Polo V, Larrosa JM, et al.. Retinal layer segmentation in patients with multiple sclerosis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2014, 121:573-9. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.035","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_539_17","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer changes on optical coherence tomography in early multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis cases","volume":"66","author":"Pillay G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pillay G, Ganger A, Singh D, Bhatia R, Sharma P, Menon V, Saxena R. Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer changes on optical coherence tomography in early multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis cases. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018, 66:114-9. 10.4103\/ijo.IJO_539_17","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030030811018","article-title":"Quantitative studies of retinal nerve fiber layer defects","volume":"100","author":"Quigley HA","year":"1982","unstructured":"Quigley HA, Addicks EM. Quantitative studies of retinal nerve fiber layer defects. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982, 100:807-14. 10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030030811018","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-2-17","article-title":"Evidence of neurodegeneration in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"2","author":"Kern JK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kern JK, Geier DA, Sykes LK, Geier MR. Evidence of neurodegeneration in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Neurodegener. 2013, 2:17. 10.1186\/2047-9158-2-17","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The multifunctional choroid","volume":"29","author":"Nickla DL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nickla DL, Wallman J. The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010, 29:144-68. 10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow in children with autism spectrum disorders: a quantitative \u2079\u2079mTc-ECD brain SPECT study with statistical parametric mapping evaluation","volume":"124","author":"Yang WH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang WH, Jing J, Xiu LJ, Cheng MH, Wang X, Bao P, Wang QX. Regional cerebral blood flow in children with autism spectrum disorders: a quantitative \u2079\u2079mTc-ECD brain SPECT study with statistical parametric mapping evaluation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2011, 124:1362-6.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2013.07.003","article-title":"The BOLD signal and neurovascular coupling in autism","volume":"6","author":"Reynell C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reynell C, Harris JJ. The BOLD signal and neurovascular coupling in autism. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2013, 6:72-9. 10.1016\/j.dcn.2013.07.003","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/191699-reduction-in-retinal-ganglion-cell-layer-inner-plexiform-layer-and-choroidal-thickness-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:12:10Z","timestamp":1707509530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/191699-reduction-in-retinal-ganglion-cell-layer-inner-plexiform-layer-and-choroidal-thickness-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.49981","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]}}}