{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:48:19Z","timestamp":1783547299640,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T19:16:11Z","timestamp":1702494971000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Drug-Drug Interactions Between COVID-19 Treatments and Psychotropic Medications: An Updated Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ujwal","family":"Boppana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas  S","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodeji","family":"Jolayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maliha I","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Salib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.016","article-title":"The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities during the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"287","author":"Zhao YJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao YJ, Jin Y, Rao WW, et al.. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities during the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Affect Disord. 2021, 287:145-57. 10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","article-title":"Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Rogers JP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al.. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020, 7:611-27. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00811-2","article-title":"Clinically significant drug interactions between psychotropic agents and repurposed COVID-19 therapies","volume":"35","author":"Gatti M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gatti M, De Ponti F, Pea F. Clinically significant drug interactions between psychotropic agents and repurposed COVID-19 therapies. CNS Drugs. 2021, 35:345-84. 10.1007\/s40263-021-00811-2","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05716-4","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antipsychotics drugs: integrated evidence from 4 databases and a systematic review","volume":"238","author":"Plasencia-Garc\u00eda BO","year":"2021","unstructured":"Plasencia-Garc\u00eda BO, Rodr\u00edguez-Men\u00e9ndez G, Rico-Rangel MI, Rubio-Garc\u00eda A, Torell\u00f3-Iserte J, Crespo-Facorro B. Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antipsychotics drugs: integrated evidence from 4 databases and a systematic review. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021, 238:329-40. 10.1007\/s00213-020-05716-4","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Drug interactions between COVID-19 and psychiatric medications: a mini review","volume":"7","author":"Izci F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Izci F, Kulacaoglu F. Drug interactions between COVID-19 and psychiatric medications: a mini review. Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences. 2020, 7:103-8.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"COVID-19. management in hospitalized adults. (2023). Accessed: March 1, 2023: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/covid-19-management-in-hospitalized-adults."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Fact sheet for healthcare providers emergency use authorization (EUA) for Paxlovid. (2021). Accessed. March 1, 2023: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/155050\/download."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"COVID-19. management of adults with acute illness in the outpatient setting. (2023). Accessed: March 1, 2023: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/covid-19-management-of-adults-with-acute-illness-in-the-outpatient-setting."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2646","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of drug-drug interactions between the COVID-19 antiviral Nirmatrelvir\/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) and comedications","volume":"112","author":"Marzolini C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marzolini C, Kuritzkes DR, Marra F, et al..  Recommendations for the management of drug-drug interactions between the COVID-19 antiviral Nirmatrelvir\/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) and comedications. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022, 112:1191-200. 10.1002\/cpt.2646","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/054.2022","article-title":"Interactions listed in the Paxlovid fact sheet, classified according to risks, pharmacological groups, and consequences","volume":"35","author":"Azanza JR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azanza JR, Mensa J, Gonz\u00e1lez Del Castillo J, Linares Rufo M, Molero JM, Madero Valle N, Barber\u00e1n J. Interactions listed in the Paxlovid fact sheet, classified according to risks, pharmacological groups, and consequences. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2022, 35:357-61. 10.37201\/req\/054.2022","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1492-3293","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antidepressants, mood stabilizers\/anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines: integrated evidence from 3 databases","volume":"55","author":"Plasencia-Garc\u00eda BO","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plasencia-Garc\u00eda BO, Rico-Rangel MI, Rodr\u00edguez-Men\u00e9ndez G, Rubio-Garc\u00eda A, Torell\u00f3-Iserte J, Crespo-Facorro B. Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antidepressants, mood stabilizers\/anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines: integrated evidence from 3 databases. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2022, 55:40-7. 10.1055\/a-1492-3293","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.21br03081","article-title":"Benzodiazepine interaction with COVID-19 drugs","volume":"23","author":"Shah K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah K, Kamrai D, Srinivas S, Veluri N, Chaudhari G, Trivedi C, Mansuri Z. Benzodiazepine interaction with COVID-19 drugs. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2021, 23:10.4088\/PCC.21br03081","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-022-03370-7","article-title":"COVID-19 and antiepileptic drugs: an approach to guide practices when nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir is co-prescribed","volume":"78","author":"Yalcin N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yalcin N, Allegaert K. COVID-19 and antiepileptic drugs: an approach to guide practices when nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir is co-prescribed. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022, 78:1697-701. 10.1007\/s00228-022-03370-7","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100212","article-title":"Clozapine, neutropenia and Covid-19: should clinicians be concerned? 3 months report","volume":"13","author":"Bonaccorso S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonaccorso S, Ricciardi A, Ouabbou S, et al.. Clozapine, neutropenia and Covid-19: should clinicians be concerned? 3 months report. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021, 13:100212. 10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100212","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320959560","article-title":"Clozapine prescribing in COVID-19 positive medical inpatients: a case series","volume":"10","author":"Butler M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler M, Bano F, Calcia M, et al.. Clozapine prescribing in COVID-19 positive medical inpatients: a case series. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020, 10:2045125320959560. 10.1177\/2045125320959560","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1096006","article-title":"Neutropenia after the coadministration of clozapine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report with a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Liu CI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu CI, Goh KK, Chen CH. Neutropenia after the coadministration of clozapine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report with a literature review. Front Psychiatry. 2022, 13:1096006. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1096006","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/ijpr.2021.114717.15007","article-title":"Psychiatric adverse drug reactions and potential anti-COVID-19 drug interactions with psychotropic medications","volume":"20","author":"Ghasemiyeh P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghasemiyeh P, Mortazavi N, Karimzadeh I, et al.. Psychiatric adverse drug reactions and potential anti-COVID-19 drug interactions with psychotropic medications. Iran J Pharm Res. 2021, 20:66-77. 10.22037\/ijpr.2021.114717.15007","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.18308","article-title":"Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Ostuzzi G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ostuzzi G, Papola D, Gastaldon C, et al.. Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2020, 18:466-81. 10.1176\/appi.focus.18308","journal-title":"Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.11.covid19.2500.1","article-title":"Drug interactions of psychiatric and COVID-19 medications","volume":"11","author":"Mohebbi N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohebbi N, Talebi A, Moghadamnia M, Nazari Taloki Z, Shakiba A. Drug interactions of psychiatric and COVID-19 medications. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2020, 11:185-200. 10.32598\/bcn.11.covid19.2500.1","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2020.05.006","article-title":"Psychopharmacology of COVID-19","volume":"61","author":"Bilbul M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bilbul M, Paparone P, Kim AM, Mutalik S, Ernst CL. Psychopharmacology of COVID-19. Psychosomatics. 2020, 61:411-27. 10.1016\/j.psym.2020.05.006","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Drug-Drug Interactions Between Ritonavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) and Concomitant Medications. Accessed. March 6, 2023: https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/therapies\/antivirals-including-antibody-products\/ritonavir-boosted-nir...."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00186","article-title":"Effects of 26 recombinant CYP3A4 variants on brexpiprazole metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Chen B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen B, Zhang XD, Wen J, et al.. Effects of 26 recombinant CYP3A4 variants on brexpiprazole metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol. 2020, 33:172-80. 10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00186","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S95100","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology study of cariprazine (MP-214) in patients with schizophrenia (12-week treatment)","volume":"10","author":"Nakamura T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Kubota T, Iwakaji A, Imada M, Kap\u00e1s M, Morio Y. Clinical pharmacology study of cariprazine (MP-214) in patients with schizophrenia (12-week treatment). Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016, 10:327-38. 10.2147\/DDDT.S95100","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00102-5","article-title":"The atypical neuroleptics iloperidone and lurasidone inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Evaluation of potential metabolic interactions","volume":"72","author":"Danek PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danek PJ, W\u00f3jcikowski J, Daniel WA. The atypical neuroleptics iloperidone and lurasidone inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Evaluation of potential metabolic interactions. Pharmacol Rep. 2020, 72:1685-94. 10.1007\/s43440-020-00102-5","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200140070-00003","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: an atypical antipsychotic","volume":"40","author":"DeVane CL","year":"2001","unstructured":"DeVane CL, Nemeroff CB. Clinical pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: an atypical antipsychotic. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2001, 40:509-22. 10.2165\/00003088-200140070-00003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1026317929335","article-title":"Involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in the metabolism of haloperidol","volume":"17","author":"Fang J","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fang J, Baker GB, Silverstone PH, Coutts RT. Involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in the metabolism of haloperidol. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1997, 17:227-33. 10.1023\/a:1026317929335","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920008784746373","article-title":"Metabolism of atypical antipsychotics: involvement of cytochrome p450 enzymes and relevance for drug-drug interactions","volume":"9","author":"Urichuk L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Urichuk L, Prior TI, Dursun S, Baker G. Metabolism of atypical antipsychotics: involvement of cytochrome p450 enzymes and relevance for drug-drug interactions. Curr Drug Metab. 2008, 9:410-8. 10.2174\/138920008784746373","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.120","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of olanzapine metabolism","volume":"14","author":"S\u00f6derberg MM","year":"2013","unstructured":"S\u00f6derberg MM, Dahl ML. Pharmacogenetics of olanzapine metabolism. Pharmacogenomics. 2013, 14:1319-36. 10.2217\/pgs.13.120","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115239","article-title":"Asenapine and iloperidone decrease the expression of major cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. A significance for drug-drug interactions during combined therapy","volume":"406","author":"Danek PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danek PJ, W\u00f3jcikowski J, Daniel WA. Asenapine and iloperidone decrease the expression of major cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. A significance for drug-drug interactions during combined therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020, 406:115239. 10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115239","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90071-x","article-title":"Human liver carbamazepine metabolism. Role of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 in 10,11-epoxide formation","volume":"47","author":"Kerr BM","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kerr BM, Thummel KE, Wurden CJ, Klein SM, Kroetz DL, Gonzalez FJ, Levy RH. Human liver carbamazepine metabolism. Role of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 in 10,11-epoxide formation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994, 47:1969-79. 10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90071-x","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2021.1972492","article-title":"UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4-mediated N2-glucuronidation is the major metabolic pathway of lamotrigine in chimeric NOG-TKm30 mice with humanised-livers","volume":"51","author":"Uehara S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uehara S, Higuchi Y, Yoneda N, Yamazaki H, Suemizu H. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4-mediated N2-glucuronidation is the major metabolic pathway of lamotrigine in chimeric NOG-TKm30 mice with humanised-livers. Xenobiotica. 2021, 51:1146-54. 10.1080\/00498254.2021.1972492","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.665","article-title":"A phase 1, open-label, pharmacokinetic trial to investigate possible drug-drug interactions between clobazam, stiripentol, or valproate and cannabidiol in healthy subjects","volume":"8","author":"Morrison G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morrison G, Crockett J, Blakey G, Sommerville K. A phase 1, open-label, pharmacokinetic trial to investigate possible drug-drug interactions between clobazam, stiripentol, or valproate and cannabidiol in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019, 8:1009-31. 10.1002\/cpdd.665","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00160.x","article-title":"Triazolam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Caucasians and Southern Asians: ethnicity and CYP3A activity","volume":"41","author":"Kinirons MT","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kinirons MT, Lang CC, He HB, Ghebreselasie K, Shay S, Robin DW, Wood AJ. Triazolam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Caucasians and Southern Asians: ethnicity and CYP3A activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996, 41:69-72. 10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00160.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.12.1491","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of midazolam and 1'-hydroxymidazolam in Chinese with different CYP3A5 genotypes","volume":"30","author":"Shih PS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shih PS, Huang JD. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam and 1'-hydroxymidazolam in Chinese with different CYP3A5 genotypes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002, 30:1491-6. 10.1124\/dmd.30.12.1491","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/154542-drug-drug-interactions-between-covid-19-treatments-and-psychotropic-medications-an-updated-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:12:38Z","timestamp":1707509558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/154542-drug-drug-interactions-between-covid-19-treatments-and-psychotropic-medications-an-updated-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.50469","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]}}}