{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:16:26Z","timestamp":1782836186492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T06:22:00Z","timestamp":1703053320000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for IgE and IgG Cow's Milk Protein Allergies in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mashail A","family":"Baghlaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura M","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumia","family":"Enani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Kokandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakr","family":"Alhussaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashhoor S","family":"Waked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00352.x","article-title":"Cow\u2019s milk protein allergy and intolerance in infancy","volume":"5","author":"H\u00f8st A","year":"1994","unstructured":"H\u00f8st A. Cow\u2019s milk protein allergy and intolerance in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1994, 5:5-36. 10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00352.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-36-5","article-title":"Cow's milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide","volume":"36","author":"Caffarelli C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caffarelli C, Baldi F, Bendandi B, Calzone L, Marani M, Pasquinelli P. Cow's milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide. Ital J Pediatr. 2010, 36:5. 10.1186\/1824-7288-36-5","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Announcement Regarding Food Allergens Control. . (2011). Accessed. December 11, 2023: https:\/\/old.sfda.gov.sa\/en\/food\/circulations\/Circulations\/Food_Allergens_Control.pdf.."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2013.08.005","article-title":"Cow's milk allergy: from allergens to new forms of diagnosis, therapy and prevention","volume":"66","author":"Hochwallner H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hochwallner H, Schulmeister U, Swoboda I, Spitzauer S, Valenta R. Cow's milk allergy: from allergens to new forms of diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Methods. 2014, 66:22-33. 10.1016\/j.ymeth.2013.08.005","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530314666140121142900","article-title":"Cow's milk allergy: where have we come from and where are we going?","volume":"14","author":"Host A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Host A, Halken S. Cow's milk allergy: where have we come from and where are we going?. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2014, 14:2-8. 10.2174\/1871530314666140121142900","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.09.016","article-title":"The challenge of cow milk protein allergy","volume":"68","author":"El-Agamy E","year":"2007","unstructured":"El-Agamy E. The challenge of cow milk protein allergy. Small Rumin Res. 2007, 68:64-72. 10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.09.016","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00705.x","article-title":"Humoral and cellular responses to cow milk proteins in patients with milk-induced IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated disorders","volume":"60","author":"Shek LP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shek LP, Bardina L, Castro R, Sampson HA, Beyer K. Humoral and cellular responses to cow milk proteins in patients with milk-induced IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated disorders. Allergy. 2005, 60:912-9. 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00705.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000168792.27948.f9","article-title":"Food allergy diagnostics: scientific and unproven procedures","volume":"5","author":"Beyer K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beyer K, Teuber SS. Food allergy diagnostics: scientific and unproven procedures. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005, 5:261-6. 10.1097\/01.all.0000168792.27948.f9","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100609","article-title":"World Allergy Organization (WAO) diagnosis and rationale for action against cow's milk allergy (DRACMA) guidelines update - I - plan and definitions","volume":"15","author":"Fiocchi A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fiocchi A, Bognanni A, Bro\u017cek J, Ebisawa M, Sch\u00fcnemann H. World Allergy Organization (WAO) diagnosis and rationale for action against cow's milk allergy (DRACMA) guidelines update - I - plan and definitions. World Allergy Organ J. 2022, 15:100609. 10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100609","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.4915","article-title":"Milk protein IgG and IgA: the association with milk-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in adults","volume":"15","author":"Anthoni S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anthoni S, Savilahti E, Rautelin H, Kolho KL. Milk protein IgG and IgA: the association with milk-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in adults. World J Gastroenterol. 2009, 15:4915-8. 10.3748\/wjg.15.4915","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.049","article-title":"Specific IgG(4) antibodies to cow's milk proteins in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"142","author":"Schuyler AJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuyler AJ, Wilson JM, Tripathi A, et al.. Specific IgG(4) antibodies to cow's milk proteins in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018, 142:139-48.e12. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.049","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-6749(98)70286-6","article-title":"Exposure to cow\u2019s milk during the first 3 months of life is associated with increased levels of IgG subclass antibodies to \u03b2-lactoglobulin to 8 years","volume":"102","author":"Jenmalm MC","year":"19981","unstructured":"Jenmalm MC, Bj\u00f6rkst\u00e9n B. Exposure to cow\u2019s milk during the first 3 months of life is associated with increased levels of IgG subclass antibodies to \u03b2-lactoglobulin to 8 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 19981, 102:671-8. 10.1016\/s0091-6749(98)70286-6","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2422-3","article-title":"Cow's milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner","volume":"174","author":"Lifschitz C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lifschitz C, Szajewska H. Cow's milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner. Eur J Pediatr. 2015, 174:141-50. 10.1007\/s00431-014-2422-3","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071444","article-title":"Prevention of allergic sensitization and treatment of cow\u2019s milk protein allergy in early life: the middle-east step-down consensus","volume":"11","author":"Vandenplas Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vandenplas Y, Al-Hussaini B, Al-Mannaei K, et al.. Prevention of allergic sensitization and treatment of cow\u2019s milk protein allergy in early life: the middle-east step-down consensus. Nutrients. 2019, 11:10.3390\/nu11071444","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12302","article-title":"BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy","volume":"44","author":"Luyt D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luyt D, Ball H, Makwana N, Green MR, Bravin K, Nasser SM, Clark AT. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014, 44:642-72. 10.1111\/cea.12302","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.003","article-title":"Food allergy: a\u00a0review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management","volume":"141","author":"Sicherer SH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy: a\u00a0review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018, 141:41-58. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03397-6","article-title":"Probiotics for cow's milk protein allergy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"178","author":"Qamer S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qamer S, Deshmukh M, Patole S. Probiotics for cow's milk protein allergy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pediatr. 2019, 178:1139-49. 10.1007\/s00431-019-03397-6","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006474.pub2","article-title":"Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity","author":"Osborn DA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Osborn DA, Sinn JK. Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD006474. 10.1002\/14651858.CD006474.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2021.24.4.384","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective determination of the cow\u2019s milk-related symptom score (Comiss\u2122) values in symptomatic infants","volume":"24","author":"Koz\u0142owska-Jalowska A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koz\u0142owska-Jalowska A, Horvath A, Vandenplas Y, Szajewska H. Retrospective and prospective determination of the cow\u2019s milk-related symptom score (Comiss\u2122) values in symptomatic infants. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2021, 24:384-91. 10.5223\/pghn.2021.24.4.384","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"The allergic diseases commonly associated with cow milk protein sensitization: a retrospective study (Jeddah-Saudi Arabia)","volume":"7","author":"Tayeb M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tayeb M, Alhussaini B, Qutub M, et al.. The allergic diseases commonly associated with cow milk protein sensitization: a retrospective study (Jeddah-Saudi Arabia). Middle East J Fam Med. 2020, 7:60.","journal-title":"Middle East J Fam Med"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Vitamin D and health: a historical overview","volume":"10","author":"Mchd EJR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mchd EJR. Vitamin D and health: a historical overview. SA Orthop J. 2011, 10:39-43.","journal-title":"SA Orthop J"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Foods and food allergy: the prevalence of IgE antibodies specific for food allergens in Saudi patients","volume":"4","author":"El-Rab MO","year":"1998","unstructured":"El-Rab MO. Foods and food allergy: the prevalence of IgE antibodies specific for food allergens in Saudi patients. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 1998, 4:25-9.","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2016.386","article-title":"Prevalence of IgG-mediated food intolerance among patients with allergic symptoms","volume":"36","author":"Shakoor Z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shakoor Z, AlFaifi A, AlAmro B, AlTawil LN, AlOhaly RY. Prevalence of IgG-mediated food intolerance among patients with allergic symptoms. Ann Saudi Med. 2016, 36:386-90. 10.5144\/0256-4947.2016.386","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic patients","volume":"81","author":"Aba-alkhail BA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aba-alkhail BA, El-Gamal FM. Prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic patients. Saudi Med J. 2000, 81:7.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2015.5.4.216","article-title":"First study of pattern of anaphylaxis in a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Sheikh F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheikh F, Amin R, Rehan Khaliq AM, Al Otaibi T, Al Hashim S, Al Gazlan S. First study of pattern of anaphylaxis in a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Asia Pac Allergy. 2015, 5:216-21. 10.5415\/apallergy.2015.5.4.216","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04639.x","article-title":"Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk","volume":"51","author":"Docena GH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Docena GH, Fernandez R, Chirdo FG, Fossati CA. Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk. Allergy. 1996, 51:412-6. 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04639.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2909-3","article-title":"Molecular aspects of milk allergens and their role in clinical events","volume":"395","author":"Restani P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Restani P, Ballabio C, Di Lorenzo C, Tripodi S, Fiocchi A. Molecular aspects of milk allergens and their role in clinical events. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009, 395:47-56. 10.1007\/s00216-009-2909-3","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"WHO\/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Home Page. (2020). Accessed. December 11, 2023: http:\/\/www.allergen.org\/.."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199289","article-title":"Use of dietary and performance-enhancing supplements among male fitness center members in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"AlRuthia Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"AlRuthia Y, Balkhi B, Alrasheed M, Altuwaijri A, Alarifi M, Alzahrani H, Mansy W. Use of dietary and performance-enhancing supplements among male fitness center members in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2018, 13:e0199289. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0199289","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.009","article-title":"Analysis of \u03b1-lactalbumin-, \u03b2-lactoglobulin-, and casein-specific IgE among children with atopic diseases in a tertiary medical center in Northern Taiwan","volume":"47","author":"Chen FM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen FM, Lee JH, Yang YH, Lin YT, Wang LC, Yu HH, Chiang BL. Analysis of \u03b1-lactalbumin-, \u03b2-lactoglobulin-, and casein-specific IgE among children with atopic diseases in a tertiary medical center in Northern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2014, 47:130-6. 10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.009","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5742\/mewfm.2020.93760","article-title":"The allergic diseases commonly associated with cow milk protein sensitization: a retrospective study (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)","volume":"18","author":"Tayeb MMS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tayeb MMS, Alhussaini B, Waked MS. The allergic diseases commonly associated with cow milk protein sensitization: a retrospective study (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). World Fam Med Journal\/Middle East J Fam Med. 2020, 18:61-6. 10.5742\/mewfm.2020.93760","journal-title":"World Fam Med Journal\/Middle East J Fam Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy004","article-title":"Applications for \u03b1-lactalbumin in human nutrition","volume":"76","author":"Layman DK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Layman DK, L\u00f6nnerdal B, Fernstrom JD. Applications for \u03b1-lactalbumin in human nutrition. Nutr Rev. 2018, 76:444-60. 10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy004","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00568.x","article-title":"Characterization of bovine serum albumin epitopes and their role in allergic reactions","volume":"59","author":"Restani P","year":"2004","unstructured":"Restani P, Ballabio C, Cattaneo A, Isoardi P, Terracciano L, Fiocchi A. Characterization of bovine serum albumin epitopes and their role in allergic reactions. Allergy. 2004, 59:21-4. 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00568.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/arrb\/2020\/v35i330215","article-title":"Foods causing highest IgG immune response in Saudi Arabia","volume":"115","author":"Alkhateeb AF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhateeb AF. Foods causing highest IgG immune response in Saudi Arabia. Annu Res Rev Biol. 2020, 115:27. 10.9734\/arrb\/2020\/v35i330215","journal-title":"Annu Res Rev Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1981.tb02171.x","article-title":"A follow-up study of children with food allergy. Clinical course in relation to serum IgE- and IgG-antibody levels to milk, egg and fish","volume":"11","author":"Dannaeus A","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dannaeus A, Ingan\u00e4s M. A follow-up study of children with food allergy. Clinical course in relation to serum IgE- and IgG-antibody levels to milk, egg and fish. Clin Allergy. 1981, 11:533-9. 10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1981.tb02171.x","journal-title":"Clin Allergy"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000318736","article-title":"Food-specific IgG4 lack diagnostic value in adult patients with chronic urticaria and other suspected allergy skin symptoms","volume":"155","author":"Antico A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antico A, Pagani M, Vescovi PP, Bonadonna P, Senna G. Food-specific IgG4 lack diagnostic value in adult patients with chronic urticaria and other suspected allergy skin symptoms. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011, 155:52-6. 10.1159\/000318736","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.03.025","article-title":"Early recovery from cow's milk allergy is associated with decreasing IgE and increasing IgG4 binding to cow's milk epitopes","volume":"125","author":"Savilahti EM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Savilahti EM, Rantanen V, Lin JS, et al.. Early recovery from cow's milk allergy is associated with decreasing IgE and increasing IgG4 binding to cow's milk epitopes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010, 125:1315-21.e9. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.03.025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15092043","article-title":"The epidemiology of food allergy in the global context","volume":"15","author":"Loh W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loh W, Tang ML. The epidemiology of food allergy in the global context. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018, 15:10.3390\/ijerph15092043","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Is serum total IgE levels a good predictor of allergies in children?","volume":"59","author":"Satwani H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satwani H, Rehman A, Ashraf S, Hassan A. Is serum total IgE levels a good predictor of allergies in children?. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009, 59:698-702.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000017267.23950.48","article-title":"1\u03b1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits not only Th1 but also Th2 differentiation in human cord blood T cells","volume":"52","author":"Pichler J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pichler J, Gerstmayr M, Sz\u00e9pfalusi Z, Urbanek R, Peterlik M, Willheim M. 1\u03b1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits not only Th1 but also Th2 differentiation in human cord blood T cells. Pediatr Res. 2002, 52:12-8. 10.1203\/01.PDR.0000017267.23950.48","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1634","article-title":"Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation","volume":"179","author":"Chen S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen S, Sims GP, Chen XX, Gu YY, Chen S, Lipsky PE. Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. J Immunol. 2007, 179:1634-47. 10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1634","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46889\/jcim.2020.1106","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and its relation to allergic diseases: a cross sectional study among allergic patients from Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia","volume":"1","author":"Abbas AA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbas AA, Wajeeh J, Wajeeh H, Alghamdi A, Al Sharief S. Vitamin D deficiency and its relation to allergic diseases: a cross sectional study among allergic patients from Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Immunol Microbiol. 2020, 1:10.46889\/jcim.2020.1106","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01506.x","article-title":"The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance?","volume":"62","author":"Hersoug LG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hersoug LG, Linneberg A. The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance?. Allergy. 2007, 62:1205-13. 10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01506.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.02.004","article-title":"Body mass index, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in Swedish conscripts-a national cohort study over three decades","volume":"99","author":"Br\u00e5b\u00e4ck L","year":"2005","unstructured":"Br\u00e5b\u00e4ck L, Hjern A, Rasmussen F. Body mass index, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in Swedish conscripts-a national cohort study over three decades. Respir Med. 2005, 99:1010-4. 10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.02.004","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900902759260","article-title":"Association between asthma symptoms and obesity in preschool (4-5 year old) children","volume":"46","author":"Tai A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tai A, Volkmer R, Burton A. Association between asthma symptoms and obesity in preschool (4-5 year old) children. J Asthma. 2009, 46:362-5. 10.1080\/02770900902759260","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/edm.11.68","article-title":"Role of childhood obesity in atopic dermatitis","volume":"6","author":"Silverberg JI","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silverberg JI. Role of childhood obesity in atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Dermatol. 2011, 6:635-42. 10.1586\/edm.11.68","journal-title":"Expert Rev Dermatol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1472","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and outcome of cow\u2019s milk protein allergy in Chinese infants: a population-based survey","volume":"43","author":"Yang M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang M, Tan M, Wu J, et al.. Prevalence, characteristics, and outcome of cow\u2019s milk protein allergy in Chinese infants: a population-based survey. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2019, 43:803-8. 10.1002\/jpen.1472","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2107I","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and food and environmental allergies in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006","volume":"128","author":"Lester MR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lester MR. Vitamin D levels and food and environmental allergies in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. Pediatrics. 2011, 128:1-3. 10.1542\/peds.2011-2107I","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2018.12.003","article-title":"Food allergy is linked to season of birth, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency","volume":"68","author":"Matsui T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsui T, Tanaka K, Yamashita H, et al.. Food allergy is linked to season of birth, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency. Allergol Int. 2019, 68:172-7. 10.1016\/j.alit.2018.12.003","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.08.010","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates sensitization and allergic diarrhea in a murine food allergy model","volume":"67","author":"Matsui T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsui T, Yamashita H, Saneyasu KI, Tanaka H, Ito K, Inagaki N. Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates sensitization and allergic diarrhea in a murine food allergy model. Allergol Int. 2018, 67:289-91. 10.1016\/j.alit.2017.08.010","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.201909_28(3).0014","article-title":"Association of blood eosinophilia and vitamin D insufficiency in young infants with cow milk allergy","volume":"28","author":"Li J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li J, Mei X, Cai X, et al.. Association of blood eosinophilia and vitamin D insufficiency in young infants with cow milk allergy. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019, 28:550-7. 10.6133\/apjcn.201909_28(3).0014","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2017.01.006","article-title":"Do infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate levels of vitamin D?","volume":"93","author":"Silva CM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva CM, Silva SA, Antunes MM, Silva GA, Sarinho ES, Brandt KG. Do infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate levels of vitamin D?. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017, 93:632-8. 10.1016\/j.jped.2017.01.006","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v5.i2.31","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens","volume":"5","author":"Popescu FD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Popescu FD. Cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens. World J Methodol. 2015, 5:31-50. 10.5662\/wjm.v5.i2.31","journal-title":"World J Methodol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00089.x","article-title":"Appearance of IgE antibodies to ingested and inhaled allergens during the first 12 years of life in atopic and non-atopic children","volume":"4","author":"Hattevig G","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Bj\u00f6rkst\u00e9n B. Appearance of IgE antibodies to ingested and inhaled allergens during the first 12 years of life in atopic and non-atopic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1993, 4:182-6. 10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00089.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2018.39.4159","article-title":"Early risk factors for cow's milk allergy in children in the first year of life","volume":"39","author":"Sardecka I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sardecka I, \u0141o\u015b-Rycharska E, Ludwig H, Gawryjo\u0142ek J, Krogulska A. Early risk factors for cow's milk allergy in children in the first year of life. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2018, 39:e44-54. 10.2500\/aap.2018.39.4159","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.041","article-title":"Early-life gut microbiome composition and milk allergy resolution","volume":"138","author":"Bunyavanich S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bunyavanich S, Shen N, Grishin A, et al.. Early-life gut microbiome composition and milk allergy resolution. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016, 138:1122-30. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.041","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155275","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulation for preventing and treating pediatric food allergies","volume":"21","author":"Di Costanzo M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Costanzo M, Carucci L, Berni Canani R, Biasucci G. Gut microbiome modulation for preventing and treating pediatric food allergies. Int J Mol Sci. 2020, 21:10.3390\/ijms21155275","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02968.x","article-title":"Cow's milk allergy in adults is rare but severe: both casein and whey proteins are involved","volume":"38","author":"Lam HY","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lam HY, van Hoffen E, Michelsen A, Guikers K, van der Tas CH, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Knulst AC. Cow's milk allergy in adults is rare but severe: both casein and whey proteins are involved. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008, 38:995-1002. 10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02968.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236589","article-title":"Type I allergy to cow milk proteins in adults. A retrospective study of 34 adult milk- and cheese-allergic patients","volume":"102","author":"St\u00f6ger P","year":"1993","unstructured":"St\u00f6ger P, W\u00fcthrich B. Type I allergy to cow milk proteins in adults. A retrospective study of 34 adult milk- and cheese-allergic patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1993, 102:399-407. 10.1159\/000236589","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/208719-prevalence-and-risk-factors-for-ige-and-igg-cows-milk-protein-allergies-in-saudi-arabia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:10:12Z","timestamp":1707509412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/208719-prevalence-and-risk-factors-for-ige-and-igg-cows-milk-protein-allergies-in-saudi-arabia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.50812","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]}}}