{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:49:14Z","timestamp":1790023754988,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T12:04:31Z","timestamp":1704369871000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the Rise of E-cigarette Use Among Male Adolescents in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Patterns, and Influencing Factors"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Muneera","family":"Alabdulqader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohannad A","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alquraini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insaf","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneera S","family":"Alhajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor A","family":"Alsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Al Naim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid I","family":"Al Noaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabab A","family":"Majzoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab H","family":"Alalawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"E-cigarettes: An Evidence Update a Report Commissioned by Public Health England","author":"Mcneill A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mcneill A, Brose LS, Calder R, Hitchman SC, Hajek P, McRobbie H. E-cigarettes: An Evidence Update a Report Commissioned by Public Health England. Public Health England, London; 2015."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3417-y","article-title":"Use of electronic cigarettes among secondary and high school students from a socially disadvantaged rural area in Poland","volume":"15","author":"Kaleta D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaleta D, Wojtysiak P, Pola\u0144ska K. Use of electronic cigarettes among secondary and high school students from a socially disadvantaged rural area in Poland. BMC Public Health. 2016, 15:703. 10.1186\/s12889-016-3417-y","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-8-5","article-title":"Perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy among successful e-cigarette users: a qualitative approach","volume":"8","author":"Barbeau AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barbeau AM, Burda J, Siegel M. Perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy among successful e-cigarette users: a qualitative approach. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2013, 8:5. 10.1186\/1940-0640-8-5","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-014-9900-4","article-title":"Prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among saudi medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"39","author":"Almutairi KM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Almutairi KM. Prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among saudi medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Community Health. 2014, 39:668-73. 10.1007\/s10900-014-9900-4","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2719-4","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong","volume":"16","author":"Jiang N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang N, Wang MP, Ho SY, Leung LT, Lam TH. Electronic cigarette use among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. BMC Public Health. 2016, 16:202. 10.1186\/s12889-016-2719-4","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health, and Human Services","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2016","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; 2016. https:\/\/e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov\/documents\/2016_SGR_Full_Report_non-508.pdf."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2219","article-title":"Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys","volume":"365","author":"Hammond D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammond D, Reid JL, Rynard VL, et al.. Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys. BMJ. 2019, 365:l2219. 10.1136\/bmj.l2219","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Electronic cigarette in Saudi Arabia: an online survey","volume":"29","author":"Al Baik M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al Baik M, Abdrabulnabi A, Aldahan S, Alkhadhrawi N. Electronic cigarette in Saudi Arabia: an online survey. Int J Med Sci Clin Invent. 2014, 29:1.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Clin Invent"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_141_19","article-title":"Impact of electronic cigarette smoking on the Saudi population through the analysis of literature: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Khanagar SB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khanagar SB, Siddeeqh S, Khinda V, Khinda P, Divakar DD, Jhugroo C. Impact of electronic cigarette smoking on the Saudi population through the analysis of literature: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019, 23:473. 10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_141_19","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-020-00075-2","article-title":"E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury: a review","volume":"12","author":"Belok SH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Belok SH, Parikh R, Bernardo J, Kathuria H. E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury: a review. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2020, 12:12. 10.1186\/s41479-020-00075-2","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.09.004","article-title":"On the potential harmful effects of E-Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: the relationship between vaping-induced oxidative stress and adolescent\/young adults social maladjustment","volume":"76","author":"Tobore TO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tobore TO. On the potential harmful effects of E-Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: the relationship between vaping-induced oxidative stress and adolescent\/young adults social maladjustment. J Adolesc. 2019, 76:202-9. 10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.09.004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.07.015","article-title":"Rise in electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Poland","volume":"55","author":"Goniewicz ML","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goniewicz ML, Gawron M, Nadolska J, Balwicki L, Sobczak A. Rise in electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Poland. J Adolesc Health. 2014, 55:713-5. 10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.07.015","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.025","article-title":"Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth","volume":"181","author":"Bold KW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bold KW, Morean ME, Kong G, Simon P, Camenga DR, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S. Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017, 181:146-51. 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.025","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.11.315","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 e-cigarette use: increases in frequency, dependence, and nicotine exposure over 12 months","volume":"64","author":"Vogel EA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vogel EA, Prochaska JJ, Ramo DE, Andres J, Rubinstein ML. Adolescents\u2019 e-cigarette use: increases in frequency, dependence, and nicotine exposure over 12 months. J Adolesc Health. 2019, 64:770-5. 10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.11.315","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7039a4","article-title":"Notes from the field: e-cigarette use among middle and high school students - National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Park-Lee E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park-Lee E, Ren C, Sawdey MD, Gentzke AS, Cornelius M, Jamal A, Cullen KA. Notes from the field: e-cigarette use among middle and high school students - National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021, 70:1387-9. 10.15585\/mmwr.mm7039a4","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2023.2188429","article-title":"Social network influences on adolescent e-cigarette use","volume":"58","author":"Valente TW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valente TW, Piombo SE, Edwards KM, Waterman EA, Banyard VL. Social network influences on adolescent e-cigarette use. Subst Use Misuse. 2023, 58:780-6. 10.1080\/10826084.2023.2188429","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.05.001","article-title":"E-cigarette curiosity among U.S. middle and high school students: findings from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey","volume":"89","author":"Margolis KA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Margolis KA, Nguyen AB, Slavit WI, King BA. E-cigarette curiosity among U.S. middle and high school students: findings from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Prev Med. 2016, 89:1-6. 10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.05.001","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.11.001","article-title":"Flavored e-cigarette use: characterizing youth, young adult, and adult users","volume":"5","author":"Harrell MB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harrell MB, Weaver SR, Loukas A, et al.. Flavored e-cigarette use: characterizing youth, young adult, and adult users. Prev Med Rep. 2017, 5:33-40. 10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.11.001","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2015.1061129","article-title":"Young adult e-cigarette users' reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: A qualitative study","volume":"30","author":"Pokhrel P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pokhrel P, Herzog TA, Muranaka N, Fagan P. Young adult e-cigarette users' reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: A qualitative study. Psychol Health. 2015, 30:1450-69. 10.1080\/08870446.2015.1061129","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15474","article-title":"The effectiveness of using e-cigarettes for quitting smoking compared to other cessation methods among adults in the United Kingdom","volume":"116","author":"McDermott MS","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDermott MS, East KA, Brose LS, McNeill A, Hitchman SC, Partos TR. The effectiveness of using e-cigarettes for quitting smoking compared to other cessation methods among adults in the United Kingdom. Addiction. 2021, 116:2825-36. 10.1111\/add.15474","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa161","article-title":"Use of electronic cigarettes to aid long-term smoking cessation in the United States: prospective evidence from the path cohort study","volume":"189","author":"Chen R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen R, Pierce JP, Leas EC, et al.. Use of electronic cigarettes to aid long-term smoking cessation in the United States: prospective evidence from the path cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2020, 189:1529-37. 10.1093\/aje\/kwaa161","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159263","article-title":"A systematic review of e-cigarette marketing communication: messages, communication channels, and strategies","volume":"19","author":"Lyu JC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyu JC, Huang P, Jiang N, Ling PM. A systematic review of e-cigarette marketing communication: messages, communication channels, and strategies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022, 19:10.3390\/ijerph19159263","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071465","article-title":"Youth access to electronic cigarettes in an unrestricted market: a cross-sectional study from Poland","volume":"15","author":"Balwicki L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balwicki L, Smith D, Balwicka-Szczyrba M, Gawron M, Sobczak A, Goniewicz ML. Youth access to electronic cigarettes in an unrestricted market: a cross-sectional study from Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018, 15:1529-1537. 10.3390\/ijerph15071465","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu243","article-title":"E-cigarette use among high school and middle school adolescents in Connecticut","volume":"17","author":"Krishnan-Sarin S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krishnan-Sarin S, Morean ME, Camenga DR, Cavallo DA, Kong G. E-cigarette use among high school and middle school adolescents in Connecticut. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015, 17:810-8. 10.1093\/ntr\/ntu243","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd19.210332","article-title":"Effects of a national campaign on youth beliefs and perceptions about electronic cigarettes and smoking","volume":"19","author":"MacMonegle AJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacMonegle AJ, Smith AA, Duke J, et al.. Effects of a national campaign on youth beliefs and perceptions about electronic cigarettes and smoking. Prev Chronic Dis. 2022, 19:E16. 10.5888\/pcd19.210332","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.043","article-title":"Electronic cigarette harm and benefit perceptions and use among youth","volume":"55","author":"Bernat D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bernat D, Gasquet N, Wilson KO, Porter L, Choi K. Electronic cigarette harm and benefit perceptions and use among youth. Am J Prev Med. 2018, 55:361-7. 10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.043","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757","article-title":"E-cigarettes: Use, effects on smoking, risks, and policy implications","volume":"39","author":"Glantz SA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glantz SA, Bareham DW. E-cigarettes: Use, effects on smoking, risks, and policy implications. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018, 39:215-35. 10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.02.011","article-title":"E-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness: prevalence and associations with smoking-cessation outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Tan AS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan AS, Bigman CA. E-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness: prevalence and associations with smoking-cessation outcomes. Am J Prev Med. 2014, 47:141-9. 10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.02.011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101287","article-title":"Quitting e-cigarettes: quit attempts and quit intentions among youth and young adults","volume":"21","author":"Cuccia AF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cuccia AF, Patel M, Amato MS, Stephens DK, Yoon SN, Vallone DM. Quitting e-cigarettes: quit attempts and quit intentions among youth and young adults. Prev Med Rep. 2021, 21:101287. 10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101287","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/84864","article-title":"Smoking by family members and friends and electronic-cigarette use in adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wang JW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang JW, Cao SS, Hu RY. Smoking by family members and friends and electronic-cigarette use in adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis. 2018, 16:05. 10.18332\/tid\/84864","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/190941-exploring-the-rise-of-e-cigarette-use-among-male-adolescents-in-al-ahsa-saudi-arabia-prevalence-patterns-and-influencing-factors","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:13:58Z","timestamp":1707509638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/190941-exploring-the-rise-of-e-cigarette-use-among-male-adolescents-in-al-ahsa-saudi-arabia-prevalence-patterns-and-influencing-factors"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.51644","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]}}}