{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:40:33Z","timestamp":1785890433245,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T09:04:32Z","timestamp":1706605472000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomarkers of Pre-eclampsia in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Kabir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhan","family":"Shaykhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Atkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Say L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al.. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Heal. 2014, 2:e323-33. 10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803","article-title":"Hypertensive Disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice","volume":"72","author":"Brown MA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, et al.. Hypertensive Disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice. Hypertension. 2018, 72:24-43. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.03.002","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk markers in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus or preeclampsia","volume":"2","author":"Sugulle M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sugulle M, Herse F, Seiler M, Dechend R, Staff AC. Cardiovascular risk markers in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus or preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012, 2:403-10. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.03.002","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared with type 1 diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls","volume":"57","author":"Knight KM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knight KM, Thornburg LL, Pressman EK. Pregnancy outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared with type 1 diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls. J Reprod Med. 2012, 57:397-404.","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/361435","article-title":"Similar adverse pregnancy outcome in native and nonnative dutch women with pregestational type 2 diabetes: a multicentre retrospective study","volume":"2013","author":"Groen B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Groen B, Links TP, van den Berg PP, et al.. Similar adverse pregnancy outcome in native and nonnative dutch women with pregestational type 2 diabetes: a multicentre retrospective study. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2013, 2013:361435. 10.1155\/2013\/361435","journal-title":"ISRN Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2591-1","article-title":"Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and later risk of cardiovascular disease: women's experiences and motivation for lifestyle changes explored in focus group interviews","volume":"19","author":"Sands\u00e6ter HL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sands\u00e6ter HL, Horn J, Rich-Edwards JW, Haugdahl HS. Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and later risk of cardiovascular disease: women's experiences and motivation for lifestyle changes explored in focus group interviews. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019, 19:448. 10.1186\/s12884-019-2591-1","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Hypertension in pregnancy. diagnosis and management. (2019). Accessed: August 29, 2023: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng133."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160923035","article-title":"Early pregnancy biomarkers in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wu P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu P, van den Berg C, Alfirevic Z, et al.. Early pregnancy biomarkers in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2015, 16:23035-56. 10.3390\/ijms160923035","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.001","article-title":"Evaluation of biomarkers for the prediction of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Wotherspoon AC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wotherspoon AC, Young IS, McCance DR, Holmes VA. Evaluation of biomarkers for the prediction of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Diabetes Complications. 2016, 30:958-66. 10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.001","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting PF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al.. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011, 155:529-36. 10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200412000-00020","article-title":"Factors predisposing to pre-eclampsia in women with gestational diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Barden A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barden A, Singh R, Walters BN, Ritchie J, Roberman B, Beilin LJ. Factors predisposing to pre-eclampsia in women with gestational diabetes. J Hypertens. 2004, 22:2371-8. 10.1097\/00004872-200412000-00020","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6144","article-title":"Maternal lipids, BMI and IL-17\/IL-35 imbalance in concurrent gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia","volume":"16","author":"Cao W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao W, Wang X, Chen T, et al.. Maternal lipids, BMI and IL-17\/IL-35 imbalance in concurrent gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Exp Ther Med. 2018, 16:427-35. 10.3892\/etm.2018.6144","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12243","article-title":"Urine albumin-creatinine ratio in women with gestational diabetes: its link with glycaemic status","volume":"54","author":"Wong VW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong VW, Chong S, Jalaludin B, Russell H, Depczynski B. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio in women with gestational diabetes: its link with glycaemic status. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014, 54:529-33. 10.1111\/ajo.12243","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.8.1995","article-title":"Insulin resistance and preeclampsia in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"28","author":"Montoro MN","year":"2005","unstructured":"Montoro MN, Kjos SL, Chandler M, Peters RK, Xiang AH, Buchanan TA. Insulin resistance and preeclampsia in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28:1995-2000. 10.2337\/diacare.28.8.1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2011.02.001","article-title":"Plasma calprotectin as inflammation marker in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and superimposed preeclampsia","volume":"1","author":"Sugulle M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sugulle M, Kvehaugen AS, Br\u00e6kke K, Harsem NK, Staff AC. Plasma calprotectin as inflammation marker in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and superimposed preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2011, 1:137-42. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2011.02.001","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934002","article-title":"Correlation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 with blood pressure, risk of preeclampsia and low birth weight in gestational diabetes","volume":"68","author":"\u017d\u00e1k P","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u017d\u00e1k P, Sou\u010dek M. Correlation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 with blood pressure, risk of preeclampsia and low birth weight in gestational diabetes. Physiol Res. 2019, 68:395-408. 10.33549\/physiolres.934002","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.07.004","article-title":"Preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age among women with preeclampsia: does maternal age matter?","volume":"13","author":"Li X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang W, Lin J, et al.. Preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age among women with preeclampsia: does maternal age matter?. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018, 13:260-6. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.07.004","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05408-1","article-title":"Placental protein expression of kisspeptin-1 (KISS1) and the kisspeptin-1 receptor (KISS1R) in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus or preeclampsia","volume":"301","author":"Kapustin RV","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kapustin RV, Drobintseva AO, Alekseenkova EN, Onopriychuk AR, Arzhanova ON, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM. Placental protein expression of kisspeptin-1 (KISS1) and the kisspeptin-1 receptor (KISS1R) in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus or preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020, 301:437-45. 10.1007\/s00404-019-05408-1","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00247.x","article-title":"Dyslipidemia in early second trimester is mainly a feature of women with early onset pre-eclampsia","volume":"108","author":"Clausen T","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clausen T, Djurovic S, Henriksen T. Dyslipidemia in early second trimester is mainly a feature of women with early onset pre-eclampsia. BJOG. 2001, 108:1081-7. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00247.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1567-2","article-title":"Pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and risk of preeclampsia: a birth cohort study in Lanzhou, China","volume":"17","author":"Shao Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shao Y, Qiu J, Huang H, et al.. Pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and risk of preeclampsia: a birth cohort study in Lanzhou, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017, 17:400. 10.1186\/s12884-017-1567-2","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225978","article-title":"Overweight and obesity are associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM","volume":"14","author":"Yen IW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yen IW, Lee CN, Lin MW, et al.. Overweight and obesity are associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0225978. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0225978","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002683","article-title":"Future of high-density lipoprotein infusion therapies: potential for clinical management of vascular disease","volume":"128","author":"Kingwell BA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kingwell BA, Chapman MJ. Future of high-density lipoprotein infusion therapies: potential for clinical management of vascular disease. Circulation. 2013, 128:1112-21. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002683","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2021.07.003","article-title":"Serum biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia: a\u00a0meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shahid R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shahid R, Bari MF, Hussain M. Serum biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia: a\u00a0meta-analysis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022, 17:14-27. 10.1016\/j.jtumed.2021.07.003","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0540","article-title":"Serum levels of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein are increased in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"160","author":"Kralisch S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kralisch S, Stepan H, Kratzsch J, et al.. Serum levels of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein are increased in gestational diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009, 160:33-8. 10.1530\/EJE-08-0540","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.146274","article-title":"Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels were independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Yeung DC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yeung DC, Xu A, Cheung CW, et al.. Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels were independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007, 27:1796-802. 10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.146274","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0064-y","article-title":"Increased plasma fatty acid binding protein 4 concentration at the first prenatal visit and its relevance to preeclampsia","volume":"41","author":"Qiao GH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qiao GH, Sun XZ. Increased plasma fatty acid binding protein 4 concentration at the first prenatal visit and its relevance to preeclampsia. Hypertens Res. 2018, 41:763-9. 10.1038\/s41440-018-0064-y","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.002","article-title":"Free fatty acid profiles in preeclampsia","volume":"81","author":"Villa PM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Villa PM, Laivuori H, Kajantie E, Kaaja R. Free fatty acid profiles in preeclampsia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009, 81:17-21. 10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.002","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0b013e328329fbfe","article-title":"A potential role for free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"27","author":"Robinson NJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robinson NJ, Minchell LJ, Myers JE, Hubel CA, Crocker IP. A potential role for free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. J Hypertens. 2009, 27:1293-302. 10.1097\/hjh.0b013e328329fbfe","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"[Glycemic control and the risk of preeclampsia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus]","volume":"58","author":"Starcevi\u0107 V","year":"2004","unstructured":"Starcevi\u0107 V, Djelmis J. [Glycemic control and the risk of preeclampsia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus]. Acta Med Croatica. 2004, 58:367-71.","journal-title":"Acta Med Croatica"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177563","article-title":"Associations of mid-pregnancy HbA1c with gestational diabetes and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in high-risk Taiwanese women","volume":"12","author":"Ho YR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho YR, Wang P, Lu MC, Tseng ST, Yang CP, Yan YH. Associations of mid-pregnancy HbA1c with gestational diabetes and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in high-risk Taiwanese women. PLoS One. 2017, 12:e0177563. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0177563","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.04.004","article-title":"Glycated haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Cavero-Redondo I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavero-Redondo I, Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno V, Soriano-Cano A, Mart\u00ednez-Hortelano JA, Sanabria-Mart\u00ednez G, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C. Glycated haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018, 14:49-54. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.04.004","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-016-0168-y","article-title":"Hemoglobin A1c as screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in Nordic Caucasian women","volume":"8","author":"Ods\u00e6ter IH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ods\u00e6ter IH, \u00c5sberg A, Vanky E, M\u00f8rkved S, Stafne SN, Salvesen K\u00c5, Carlsen SM. Hemoglobin A1c as screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in Nordic Caucasian women. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2016, 8:43. 10.1186\/s13098-016-0168-y","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00861.x","article-title":"Maternal levels of prostacyclin, thromboxane, ICAM, and VCAM in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"64","author":"Lewis DF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis DF, Canzoneri BJ, Gu Y, Zhao S, Wang Y. Maternal levels of prostacyclin, thromboxane, ICAM, and VCAM in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010, 64:376-83. 10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00861.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519409088567","article-title":"Effects of free fatty acids found increased in women who develop pre-eclampsia on the ability of endothelial cells to produce prostacyclin, cGMP and inhibit platelet aggregation","volume":"54","author":"Endresen MJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Endresen MJ, T\u00f8sti E, Heimli H, Lorentzen B, Henriksen T. Effects of free fatty acids found increased in women who develop pre-eclampsia on the ability of endothelial cells to produce prostacyclin, cGMP and inhibit platelet aggregation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1994, 54:549-57. 10.3109\/00365519409088567","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.01.010","article-title":"Microalbuminuria as an early predictor of preeclampsia in the pre-gestational diabetic population: a prospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Zen M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zen M, Padmanabhan S, Cheung NW, Kirby A, Jesudason S, Alahakoon TI, Lee VW. Microalbuminuria as an early predictor of preeclampsia in the pre-gestational diabetic population: a prospective cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2019, 15:182-8. 10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.01.010","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.511336","article-title":"Prediction of proteinuria and microalbuminuria in diabetic pregnancies with a random single void","volume":"24","author":"Eddib A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eddib A, Allaf MB, Ogunleye O, Rodgers B. Prediction of proteinuria and microalbuminuria in diabetic pregnancies with a random single void. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011, 24:583-6. 10.3109\/14767058.2010.511336","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.62.s82.4.x","article-title":"Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney","author":"Ruiz-Ortega M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ruiz-Ortega M, Ruperez M, Lorenzo O, Esteban V, Blanco J, Mezzano S, Egido J. Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney. Kidney Int Suppl. 2002, S12-22. 10.1046\/j.1523-1755.62.s82.4.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-5-14","article-title":"Determination of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in Iranian-Khorasanian patients with preeclampsia","volume":"5","author":"Afshari JT","year":"2005","unstructured":"Afshari JT, Ghomian N, Shameli A, et al.. Determination of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in Iranian-Khorasanian patients with preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2005, 5:14. 10.1186\/1471-2393-5-14","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/908649","article-title":"Maternal serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 long after delivery in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women","volume":"2010","author":"Vitoratos N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vitoratos N, Economou E, Iavazzo C, Panoulis K, Creatsas G. Maternal serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 long after delivery in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Mediators Inflamm. 2010, 2010:908649. 10.1155\/2010\/908649","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.168344","article-title":"CD4+ T-helper cells stimulated in response to placental ischemia mediate hypertension during pregnancy","volume":"57","author":"Wallace K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace K, Richards S, Dhillon P, et al.. CD4+ T-helper cells stimulated in response to placental ischemia mediate hypertension during pregnancy. Hypertension. 2011, 57:949-55. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.168344","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00253.x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the placenta is not elevated in pre-eclamptic patients despite its elevation in peripheral blood","volume":"53","author":"Hayashi M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hayashi M, Ueda Y, Yamaguchi T, Sohma R, Shibazaki M, Ohkura T, Inaba N. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the placenta is not elevated in pre-eclamptic patients despite its elevation in peripheral blood. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2005, 53:113-9. 10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00253.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15870","article-title":"Preeclamptic women have decreased circulating IL-10 (interleukin-10) values at the time of preeclampsia diagnosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Nath MC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nath MC, Cubro H, McCormick DJ, Milic NM, Garovic VD. Preeclamptic women have decreased circulating IL-10 (interleukin-10) values at the time of preeclampsia diagnosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2020, 76:1817-27. 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15870","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/fhc.2012.0023","article-title":"The concentrations of soluble HLA-G protein are elevated during mid-gestation and decreased in pre-eclampsia","volume":"50","author":"Darmochwal-Kolarz D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Kolarz B, Rolinski J, Leszczynska-Gorzelak B, Oleszczuk J. The concentrations of soluble HLA-G protein are elevated during mid-gestation and decreased in pre-eclampsia. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2012, 50:286-91. 10.5603\/fhc.2012.0023","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1516-31802011000200004","article-title":"Serum lipid levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia","volume":"129","author":"de Lima VJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Lima VJ, Andrade CR, Ruschi GE, Sass N. Serum lipid levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Sao Paulo Med J. 2011, 129:73-6. 10.1590\/s1516-31802011000200004","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015462","article-title":"Predictive value of serum uric acid levels for adverse perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia","volume":"98","author":"Ryu A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryu A, Cho NJ, Kim YS, Lee EY. Predictive value of serum uric acid levels for adverse perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019, 98:e15462. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000015462","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.785219","article-title":"Assessing the role of uric acid as a predictor of preeclampsia","volume":"12","author":"Corominas AI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corominas AI, Medina Y, Balconi S, Casale R, Farina M, Mart\u00ednez N, Damiano AE. Assessing the role of uric acid as a predictor of preeclampsia. Front Physiol. 2021, 12:785219. 10.3389\/fphys.2021.785219","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2015.47","article-title":"Serum uric acid may not be involved in the development of preeclampsia","volume":"30","author":"Chen Q","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Q, Lau S, Tong M, Wei J, Shen F, Zhao J, Zhao M. Serum uric acid may not be involved in the development of preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens. 2016, 30:136-40. 10.1038\/jhh.2015.47","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.07.014","article-title":"Endothelin-1: a key pathological factor in pre-eclampsia?","volume":"25","author":"Jain A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jain A. Endothelin-1: a key pathological factor in pre-eclampsia?. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012, 25:443-9. 10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.07.014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944715624853","article-title":"The emerging role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia","volume":"10","author":"Saleh L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saleh L, Verdonk K, Visser W, van den Meiracker AH, Danser AH. The emerging role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2016, 10:282-93. 10.1177\/1753944715624853","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"C-reactive protein, marker for evaluation of systemic inflammatory response in preeclampsia","volume":"112","author":"Mihu D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mihu D, Costin N, Mihu CM, Blaga LD, Pop RB. C-reactive protein, marker for evaluation of systemic inflammatory response in preeclampsia. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2008, 112:1019-25.","journal-title":"Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515530","article-title":"C-reactive protein for prediction or early detection of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Hamadeh R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamadeh R, Mohsen A, Kobeissy F, Karouni A, Akoum H. C-reactive protein for prediction or early detection of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2021, 86:13-26. 10.1159\/000515530","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970141106","article-title":"Serum PAPP-A and free beta-hCG are first-trimester screening markers for Down syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Brambati B","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brambati B, Tului L, Bonacchi I, Shrimanker K, Suzuki Y, Grudzinskas JG. Serum PAPP-A and free beta-hCG are first-trimester screening markers for Down syndrome. Prenat Diagn. 1994, 14:1043-7. 10.1002\/pd.1970141106","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2017034","article-title":"Low maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a as a risk factor of preeclampsia","volume":"59","author":"Luewan S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luewan S, Teja-Intr M, Sirichotiyakul S, Tongsong T. Low maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a as a risk factor of preeclampsia. Singapore Med J. 2018, 59:55-9. 10.11622\/smedj.2017034","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0608-y","article-title":"Serum screening in first trimester to predict pre-eclampsia, small for gestational age and preterm delivery: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhong Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Zhu F, Ding Y. Serum screening in first trimester to predict pre-eclampsia, small for gestational age and preterm delivery: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015, 15:191. 10.1186\/s12884-015-0608-y","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.055","article-title":"Calprotectin, a marker of inflammation, is elevated in the maternal but not in the fetal circulation in preeclampsia","volume":"193","author":"Braekke K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Braekke K, Holthe MR, Harsem NK, Fagerhol MK, Staff AC. Calprotectin, a marker of inflammation, is elevated in the maternal but not in the fetal circulation in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 193:227-33. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.055","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0903-0","article-title":"An evaluation of calprotectin as serum marker of preeclampsia: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"65","author":"Pergialiotis V","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pergialiotis V, Prodromidou A, Pappa E, Vlachos GD, Perrea DN, Papantoniou N. An evaluation of calprotectin as serum marker of preeclampsia: a systematic review of observational studies. Inflamm Res. 2016, 65:95-102. 10.1007\/s00011-015-0903-0","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/191473-biomarkers-of-pre-eclampsia-in-pregnant-women-with-gestational-diabetes-and-pre-existing-type-2-diabetes-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:15:24Z","timestamp":1707509724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/191473-biomarkers-of-pre-eclampsia-in-pregnant-women-with-gestational-diabetes-and-pre-existing-type-2-diabetes-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.53207","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]}}}