{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:16:59Z","timestamp":1782433019370,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T08:51:02Z","timestamp":1706950262000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Miswak-Infused Glass Ionomer Cement: A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy and Compressive Strength"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kamala","family":"Devi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessy","family":"Paulraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeshkumar","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhabrata","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-58","article-title":"Absence of carious lesions at margins of glass-ionomer cement and amalgam restorations: an update of systematic review evidence","volume":"4","author":"Mickenautsch S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mickenautsch S, Yengopal V. Absence of carious lesions at margins of glass-ionomer cement and amalgam restorations: an update of systematic review evidence. BMC Res Notes. 2011, 4:58. 10.1186\/1756-0500-4-58","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13030132","article-title":"Biological activities of glass ionomer cement supplemented with fortilin on human dental pulp stem cells","volume":"13","author":"Sangsuwan P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sangsuwan P, Tannukit S, Chotigeat W, Kedjarune-Leggat U. Biological activities of glass ionomer cement supplemented with fortilin on human dental pulp stem cells. J Funct Biomater. 2022, 13:132. 10.3390\/jfb13030132","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30552-3","article-title":"Understanding dental caries: from pathogenesis to prevention and therapy","author":"Nigel P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nigel P. Understanding dental caries: from pathogenesis to prevention and therapy. Understanding Dental Caries. Goldberg M (ed): Springer, Cham, 2016. 3-9. 10.1007\/978-3-319-30552-3"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Definitions, Oral Health Policies, Recommendations, Endorsements, Resources. (2019). https:\/\/www.aapd.org\/research\/oral-health-policies--recommendations\/overview\/."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-06115-9","article-title":"Surface modification of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery","author":"Param P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Param P, Anas H, Achal S, Dhruv P, Shyam P, Priyanka B, Yashwant VP. Surface modification of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pathak YV (ed): Springer Cham, 2019. 19-31. 10.1007\/978-3-030-06115-9"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40034-1","article-title":"Antimicrobials in caries prevention","author":"Ece Eden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ece Eden. Antimicrobials in caries prevention. Evidence-Based Caries Prevention. Eden E (ed): Springer Cham, 2016. 71-85. 10.1007\/978-3-319-40034-1"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Comparison of antifungal activity of 2% chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, and nanosilver gels against Candida albicans","volume":"12","author":"Mozayeni MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mozayeni MA, Hadian A, Bakhshaei P, Dianat O. Comparison of antifungal activity of 2% chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, and nanosilver gels against Candida albicans. J Dent (Tehran). 2015, 12:109-17.","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2016-0195","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluations of glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment","volume":"25","author":"Duque C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duque C, Aida KL, Pereira JA, et al.. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. J Appl Oral Sci. 2017, 25:541-50. 10.1590\/1678-7757-2016-0195","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00294.x","article-title":"An in vivo study of the plaque control efficacy of Persica: a commercially available herbal mouthwash containing extracts of Salvadora persica","volume":"54","author":"Khalessi AM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khalessi AM, Pack AR, Thomson WM, Tompkins GR. An in vivo study of the plaque control efficacy of Persica: a commercially available herbal mouthwash containing extracts of Salvadora persica. Int Dent J. 2004, 54:279-83. 10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00294.x","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial effects of crude miswak extract on oral pathogens","volume":"14","author":"El Rahman HF","year":"2002","unstructured":"El Rahman HF, Skaug N, Francis GW. In vitro antimicrobial effects of crude miswak extract on oral pathogens. Saudi Dent J. 2002, 14:26-32.","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7083964","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica L. (miswak) extracts against multidrug resistant bacterial clinical isolates","volume":"2016","author":"Al-Ayed MS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Ayed MS, Asaad AM, Qureshi MA, Attia HG, AlMarrani AH. Antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica L. (miswak) extracts against multidrug resistant bacterial clinical isolates. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016, 2016:7083964. 10.1155\/2016\/7083964","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSSR.2010.5773761","article-title":"Effect of mouthwash extracted from Miswak (Salvadora Persica) on periodontal pathogenic bacteria an in-vitro study","author":"Al-Bayaty FH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Bayaty FH, Abdulla MA, Hassan Md IA, Siti Noraini BR, Saba FH, Hasnah BBS. Effect of mouthwash extracted from Miswak (Salvadora Persica) on periodontal pathogenic bacteria an in-vitro study. International Conference on Science and Social Research. 2010, 178-81. 10.1109\/CSSR.2010.5773761","journal-title":"International Conference on Science and Social Research"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdj.2018.12.004","article-title":"Ion release and enamel remineralizing potential of miswak, propolis and chitosan nano-particles based dental varnishes","volume":"29","author":"Wassel MO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wassel MO, Sherief DI. Ion release and enamel remineralizing potential of miswak, propolis and chitosan nano-particles based dental varnishes.  Pediatr Dent J. 2019, 29:1-10. 10.1016\/j.pdj.2018.12.004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent J"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Dental caries in children and adolescents","author":"Marit SS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marit SS, Anita A, Wendt KL, Sven P. Dental caries in children and adolescents. Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach. Koch G, Poulsen S, Espelid I, Dorte H (ed): John Wiley & Sons, 2016. 102-13."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/76160","article-title":"An initial evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a disinfection liquid containing silver nanoparticles alone and combined with a glass-ionomer cement and dentin bonding systems","volume":"28","author":"Porenczuk A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Porenczuk A, Grzeczkowicz A, Maciejewska I, et al.. An initial evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a disinfection liquid containing silver nanoparticles alone and combined with a glass-ionomer cement and dentin bonding systems. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2019, 28:75-83. 10.17219\/acem\/76160","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070506","article-title":"Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries","volume":"79","author":"Sofrata AH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sofrata AH, Claesson RL, Lingstr\u00f6m PK, Gustafsson AK. Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries. J Periodontol. 2008, 79:1474-9. 10.1902\/jop.2008.070506","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12273","article-title":"Effect of the addition of chlorhexidine and miswak extract on the clinical performance and antibacterial properties of conventional glass ionomer: an in vivo study","volume":"27","author":"Kabil NS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kabil NS, Badran AS, Wassel MO. Effect of the addition of chlorhexidine and miswak extract on the clinical performance and antibacterial properties of conventional glass ionomer: an in vivo study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017, 27:380-7. 10.1111\/ipd.12273","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1955","article-title":"Study of caries prevalence among miswak and non-miswak users: a prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Mustafa M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mustafa M, Al Jeaidi Z, Al Aajam WH, Dafaalla Mohammed KA. Study of caries prevalence among miswak and non-miswak users: a prospective study. Dent Pract. 2016, 17:926-9. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1955","journal-title":"Dent Pract"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-020-06455-w","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and compressive strength of a dental cement modified using plant extract mixture","volume":"31","author":"Singer L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singer L, Bierbaum G, Kehl K, Bourauel C. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and compressive strength of a dental cement modified using plant extract mixture. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2020, 31:116. 10.1007\/s10856-020-06455-w","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262774","article-title":"Influence of Salvadora persica (miswak) extract on physical and antimicrobial properties of glass ionomer cement","volume":"12","author":"El-Tatari A","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Tatari A, de Soet JJ, de Gee AJ, Abou Shelib M, van Amerongen WE. Influence of Salvadora persica (miswak) extract on physical and antimicrobial properties of glass ionomer cement. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2011, 12:22-5. 10.1007\/BF03262774","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1942","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antibacterial effect of GIC containing chlorhexidine and miswak on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in early childhood caries children: a PCR study","volume":"14","author":"Kalpavriksha AJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalpavriksha AJ, Siddaiah SB, Bilichodmath S, Prabhakara S, Rao HH. Comparative evaluation of antibacterial effect of GIC containing chlorhexidine and miswak on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in early childhood caries children: a PCR study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021, 14:229-34. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1942","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020528","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of glass ionomer cement in incorporation with biogenic Zingiber officinale capped silver-nanobiotic, chlorhexidine diacetate and lyophilized miswak","volume":"27","author":"Ashour AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashour AA, Basha S, Felemban NH, Enan ET, Alyamani AA, Gad El-Rab SM. Antimicrobial efficacy of glass ionomer cement in incorporation with biogenic Zingiber officinale capped silver-nanobiotic, chlorhexidine diacetate and lyophilized miswak. Molecules. 2022, 27:528. 10.3390\/molecules27020528","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.05.025","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Salvadora persica extract (Miswak) on collagen degradation in demineralized dentin: in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"16","author":"Khunkar S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khunkar S, Hariri I, Alsayed E, et al.. Inhibitory effect of Salvadora persica extract (Miswak) on collagen degradation in demineralized dentin: in\u00a0vitro study. J Dent Sci. 2021, 16:208-13. 10.1016\/j.jds.2020.05.025","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/090310-518.1","article-title":"Can we add chlorhexidine into glass ionomer cements for band cementation?","volume":"81","author":"Farret MM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farret MM, de Lima EM, Mota EG, Oshima HM, Barth V, de Oliveira SD. Can we add chlorhexidine into glass ionomer cements for band cementation?. Angle Orthod. 2011, 81:496-502. 10.2319\/090310-518.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51847\/FrmCSw6TqP","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity and compressive strength of conventional and thyme-modified glass ionomer cement","volume":"11","author":"Pavithra AS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pavithra AS, Jessy P, Rajeshkumar S, Maiti S. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity and compressive strength of conventional and thyme-modified glass ionomer cement. Ann Dent Spec. 2023, 11:70-7. 10.51847\/FrmCSw6TqP","journal-title":"Ann Dent Spec"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/rou.2014.038","article-title":"Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on porosity and compressive strength of a glass ionomer cement","volume":"43","author":"Marti L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marti L, Azevedo ER, Mata MD, Giro Elisa MA, Zuanon Angela CC. Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on porosity and compressive strength of a glass ionomer cement. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2014, 43:236-40. 10.1590\/rou.2014.038","journal-title":"Rev Odontol UNESP"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/195170-miswak-infused-glass-ionomer-cement-a-comparative-in-vitro-analysis-of-antibacterial-efficacy-and-compressive-strength","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T20:16:45Z","timestamp":1707509805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/195170-miswak-infused-glass-ionomer-cement-a-comparative-in-vitro-analysis-of-antibacterial-efficacy-and-compressive-strength"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.53484","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]}}}