{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:24:39Z","timestamp":1775471079989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.56246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T05:19:43Z","timestamp":1710566383000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Efficacy of Metformin as a Therapeutic Agent in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sherilyn","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai-Linh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Will S","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Rahaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082\/7224","article-title":"Prevalence and psychological impact of acne vulgaris among female secondary school students in Arar city, Saudi Arabia, in 2018","volume":"10","author":"Alanazi MS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alanazi MS, Hammad SM, Mohamed AE. Prevalence and psychological impact of acne vulgaris among female secondary school students in Arar city, Saudi Arabia, in 2018. Electron Physician. 2018, 10:7224-9. 10.19082\/7224","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Acne Vulgaris","author":"Sutaria AH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sutaria AH, Masood S, Saleh HM, Schlessinger J. Acne Vulgaris. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2024."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1859474","article-title":"Prevalence of acne vulgaris among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a\u00a0systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Ramezani Tehrani F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Bidhendi Yarandi R, Saei Ghare Naz M, Carmina E. Prevalence of acne vulgaris among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a\u00a0systemic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021, 37:392-405. 10.1080\/09513590.2020.1859474","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4342-z","article-title":"The mechanisms of action of metformin","volume":"60","author":"Rena G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rena G, Hardie DG, Pearson ER. The mechanisms of action of metformin. Diabetologia. 2017, 60:1577-85. 10.1007\/s00125-017-4342-z","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9240569","article-title":"Association of insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a review of literature","volume":"2022","author":"Xu Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu Y, Qiao J. Association of insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a review of literature. J Healthc Eng. 2022, 2022:9240569. 10.1155\/2022\/9240569","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.25580","article-title":"Medicinal plants for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a review of recent evidences","volume":"8","author":"Nasri H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nasri H, Bahmani M, Shahinfard N, Moradi Nafchi A, Saberianpour S, Rafieian Kopaei M. Medicinal plants for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a review of recent evidences. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015, 8:e25580. 10.5812\/jjm.25580","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1460343","article-title":"Effect of 12-month treatment with metformin and\/or oral contraceptives on health-related quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Altinok ML","year":"2018","unstructured":"Altinok ML, Ravn P, Andersen M, Glintborg D. Effect of 12-month treatment with metformin and\/or oral contraceptives on health-related quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018, 34:859-63. 10.1080\/09513590.2018.1460343","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/ijd.2019.98371","article-title":"The effect of metformin in the treatment of intractable and late onset acne: a comparison with oral isotretinoin","volume":"22","author":"Elham B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elham B, Somayeh S, Afsaneh S-B, Azadeh G, Mohammadreza G, Saba S, Masoomeh R. The effect of metformin in the treatment of intractable and late onset acne: a comparison with oral isotretinoin. Iran J Dermatol. 2019, 22:47-52. 10.22034\/ijd.2019.98371","journal-title":"Iran J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.179783","article-title":"Comparison of drospirenone- with cyproterone acetate-containing oral contraceptives, combined with metformin and lifestyle modifications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic disorders: a prospective randomized control trial","volume":"129","author":"Wang QY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang QY, Song Y, Huang W, Xiao L, Wang QS, Feng GM. Comparison of drospirenone- with cyproterone acetate-containing oral contraceptives, combined with metformin and lifestyle modifications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic disorders: a prospective randomized control trial. Chin Med J (Engl). 2016, 129:883-90. 10.4103\/0366-6999.179783","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933266","article-title":"The effect of alfacalcidiol and metformin on phenotype manifestations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - a preliminary study","volume":"65","author":"Draveck\u00e1 I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Draveck\u00e1 I, Figurov\u00e1 J, Javorsk\u00fd M, Petr\u00edkov\u00e1 J, Va\u013ekov\u00e1 M, Laz\u00farov\u00e1 I. The effect of alfacalcidiol and metformin on phenotype manifestations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - a preliminary study. Physiol Res. 2016, 65:815-22. 10.33549\/physiolres.933266","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10006-2052","article-title":"Effect of two different doses of vitamin D supplementation on clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Bahadur A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bahadur A, Yadav A, Mundhra R, Chawla L, Naithani M, Chaturvedi J. Effect of two different doses of vitamin D supplementation on clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial. J South Asian Fed Obstet Gynecol. 2022, 14:307-12. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10006-2052","journal-title":"J South Asian Fed Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.021","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial to study the efficacy of exercise with and without metformin on women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"234","author":"Tiwari N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tiwari N, Pasrija S, Jain S. Randomised controlled trial to study the efficacy of exercise with and without metformin on women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019, 234:149-54. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2015.1101441","article-title":"Management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with Diane-35 or Diane-35 plus metformin","volume":"32","author":"Feng W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feng W, Jia YY, Zhang DY, Shi HR. Management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with Diane-35 or Diane-35 plus metformin. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016, 32:147-50. 10.3109\/09513590.2015.1101441","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12673","article-title":"Low glycaemic diet and metformin therapy: a new approach in male subjects with acne resistant to common treatments","volume":"41","author":"Fabbrocini G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fabbrocini G, Izzo R, Faggiano A, et al.. Low glycaemic diet and metformin therapy: a new approach in male subjects with acne resistant to common treatments. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016, 41:38-42. 10.1111\/ced.12673","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on menstrual cycle, body mass index and hyperandrogenism state of women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Tehrani HG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tehrani HG, Mostajeran F, Shahsavari S. The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on menstrual cycle, body mass index and hyperandrogenism state of women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome. J Res Med Sci. 2014, 19:875-80.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.192925","article-title":"Comparison clinical and metabolic effects of metformin and pioglitazone in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Shahebrahimi K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shahebrahimi K, Jalilian N, Bazgir N, Rezaei M. Comparison clinical and metabolic effects of metformin and pioglitazone in polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016, 20:805-9. 10.4103\/2230-8210.192925","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1490405","article-title":"Long-term effects of combined simvastatin and metformin treatment on the clinical abnormalities and ovulation dysfunction in single young women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Seyam E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seyam E, Hefzy E. Long-term effects of combined simvastatin and metformin treatment on the clinical abnormalities and ovulation dysfunction in single young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018, 34:1073-80. 10.1080\/09513590.2018.1490405","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15785","article-title":"Efficacy of metformin vs. doxycycline in treating acne vulgaris: an assessor-blinded, add-on, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Sadati MS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sadati MS, Yazdanpanah N, Shahriarirad R, Javaheri R, Parvizi MM. Efficacy of metformin vs. doxycycline in treating acne vulgaris: an assessor-blinded, add-on, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023, 22:2816-23. 10.1111\/jocd.15785","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n9p281","article-title":"Comparing the effect of metformin and acarbose accompanying clomiphene on the successful ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Rezai M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rezai M, Jamshidi M, Mohammadbeigi R, Seyedoshohadaei F, Mohammadipour S, Moradi G. Comparing the effect of metformin and acarbose accompanying clomiphene on the successful ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Glob J Health Sci. 2016, 8:54516. 10.5539\/gjhs.v8n9p281","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2015.10.001","article-title":"A comparative study to illustrate the benefits of using ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate over metformin in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Mhao NS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mhao NS, Al-Hilli AS, Hadi NR, Jamil DA, Al-Aubaidy HA. A comparative study to illustrate the benefits of using ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate over metformin in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2016, 10:S95-8. 10.1016\/j.dsx.2015.10.001","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"N-acetyl cysteine plus metformin versus metformin alone in treatment of Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Aqrawi JG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aqrawi JG, AL-Qadhi HI, AL-Asadi FA. N-acetyl cysteine plus metformin versus metformin alone in treatment of Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2022, 12:202-7.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000152","article-title":"The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: the Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI)","volume":"17","author":"Munn Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Munn Z, Aromataris E, Tufanaru C, et al.. The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: the Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI). Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2019, 17:36-43. 10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000152","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2016.1236078","article-title":"Comparison of two insulin sensitizers, metformin and myo-inositol, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"33","author":"Fruzzetti F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fruzzetti F, Perini D, Russo M, Bucci F, Gadducci A. Comparison of two insulin sensitizers, metformin and myo-inositol, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017, 33:39-42. 10.1080\/09513590.2016.1236078","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.174388","article-title":"Metformin - for the dermatologist","volume":"48","author":"Bubna AK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bubna AK. Metformin - for the dermatologist. Indian J Pharmacol. 2016, 48:4-10. 10.4103\/0253-7613.174388","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1833","article-title":"The association between IGF-I and insulin resistance: a general population study in Danish adults","volume":"35","author":"Friedrich N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friedrich N, Thuesen B, J\u00f8rgensen T, Juul A, Spielhagen C, Wallaschofksi H, Linneberg A. The association between IGF-I and insulin resistance: a general population study in Danish adults. Diabetes Care. 2012, 35:768-73. 10.2337\/dc11-1833","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2017.29.1.20","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 increases the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production in cultured sebocytes","volume":"29","author":"Kim H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim H, Moon SY, Sohn MY, Lee WJ. Insulin-like growth factor-1 increases the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production in cultured sebocytes. Ann Dermatol. 2017, 29:20-5. 10.5021\/ad.2017.29.1.20","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20082055","article-title":"AMPK and the biochemistry of exercise: implications for human health and disease","volume":"418","author":"Richter EA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Richter EA, Ruderman NB. AMPK and the biochemistry of exercise: implications for human health and disease. Biochem J. 2009, 418:261-75. 10.1042\/BJ20082055","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.05.005","article-title":"Acne severity and the Global Acne Grading System in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Hacivelioglu S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hacivelioglu S, Gungor AN, Gencer M, Uysal A, Hizli D, Koc E, Cosar E. Acne severity and the Global Acne Grading System in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013, 123:33-6. 10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.05.005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S266320","article-title":"Severity of acne vulgaris: comparison of two assessment methods","volume":"13","author":"Alsulaimani H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alsulaimani H, Kokandi A, Khawandanh S, Hamad R. Severity of acne vulgaris: comparison of two assessment methods. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020, 13:711-6. 10.2147\/CCID.S266320","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20391","article-title":"Clinical experience and psychometric properties of the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI)","volume":"185","author":"Abdelrazik YT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelrazik YT, Ali FM, Salek MS, Finlay AY. Clinical experience and psychometric properties of the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI). Br J Dermatol. 2021, 185:711-24. 10.1111\/bjd.20391","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.008","article-title":"The assessment of acne: an evaluation of grading and lesion counting in the measurement of acne","volume":"22","author":"Witkowski JA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Witkowski JA, Parish LC. The assessment of acne: an evaluation of grading and lesion counting in the measurement of acne. Clin Dermatol. 2004, 22:394-7. 10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.008","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/232747-the-efficacy-of-metformin-as-a-therapeutic-agent-in-the-treatment-of-acne-vulgaris-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T05:19:50Z","timestamp":1710566390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/232747-the-efficacy-of-metformin-as-a-therapeutic-agent-in-the-treatment-of-acne-vulgaris-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.56246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]}}}