{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:08:11Z","timestamp":1790561291524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.56314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T12:33:24Z","timestamp":1710678804000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jaime Yoke May","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Islahudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Ain","family":"Mohd Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Makmor-Bakry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare Hui Hong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac299","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis is undertreated and underdiagnosed: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Whitlock RH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Whitlock RH, Ferguson TW, Komenda P, et al.. Metabolic acidosis is undertreated and underdiagnosed: a retrospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023, 38:1477-86. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfac299","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-019-00656-5","article-title":"Treatment of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate delays progression of chronic kidney disease: the UBI Study","volume":"32","author":"Di Iorio BR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Iorio BR, Bellasi A, Raphael KL, et al.. Treatment of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate delays progression of chronic kidney disease: the UBI Study. J Nephrol. 2019, 32:989-1001. 10.1007\/s40620-019-00656-5","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy214","article-title":"Correction of metabolic acidosis improves muscle mass and renal function in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Dubey AK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dubey AK, Sahoo J, Vairappan B, Haridasan S, Parameswaran S, Priyamvada PS. Correction of metabolic acidosis improves muscle mass and renal function in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020, 35:121-9. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfy214","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000504557","article-title":"Impact of serum bicarbonate levels on muscle mass and kidney function in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"51","author":"Kittiskulnam P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kittiskulnam P, Srijaruneruang S, Chulakadabba A, Thokanit NS, Praditpornsilpa K, Tungsanga K, Eiam-Ong S. Impact of serum bicarbonate levels on muscle mass and kidney function in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Am J Nephrol. 2020, 51:24-34. 10.1159\/000504557","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2020.12.006","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis in CKD: a review of recent findings","volume":"3","author":"Melamed ML","year":"2021","unstructured":"Melamed ML, Raphael KL. Metabolic acidosis in CKD: a review of recent findings. Kidney Med. 2021, 3:267-77. 10.1016\/j.xkme.2020.12.006","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.707588","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis is an independent risk factor of renal progression in Korean chronic kidney disease patients: the KNOW-CKD study results","volume":"8","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Ryu H, Kang E, et al.. Metabolic acidosis is an independent risk factor of renal progression in Korean chronic kidney disease patients: the KNOW-CKD study results. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021, 8:707588. 10.3389\/fmed.2021.707588","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000508980","article-title":"The prevalence of metabolic acidosis in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease: single-centre study","volume":"45","author":"Kuczera P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuczera P, Ciaston-Mogilska D, Oslizlo B, Hycki A, Wiecek A, Adamczak M. The prevalence of metabolic acidosis in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease: single-centre study. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2020, 45:863-72. 10.1159\/000508980","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12315","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for reduced serum bicarbonate in chronic kidney disease","volume":"19","author":"Raphael KL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raphael KL, Zhang Y, Ying J, Greene T. Prevalence of and risk factors for reduced serum bicarbonate in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2014, 19:648-54. 10.1111\/nep.12315","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2021.12.019","article-title":"Prevalence rate of proteinuria and metabolic acidosis among kidney transplant recipients in a tertiary teaching hospital and its relationship to dietary intake","volume":"54","author":"Lau WP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lau WP, Ng KP, Ganapathy SS, Tah PC, Ismail R, Jalalonmuhali M, Lim SK. Prevalence rate of proteinuria and metabolic acidosis among kidney transplant recipients in a tertiary teaching hospital and its relationship to dietary intake. Transplant Proc. 2022, 54:355-61. 10.1016\/j.transproceed.2021.12.019","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.01.036","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis in CKD: Core Curriculum 2019","volume":"74","author":"Raphael KL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raphael KL. Metabolic acidosis in CKD: Core Curriculum 2019. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019, 74:263-75. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.01.036","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.77","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","year":"2013","unstructured":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2013, 3.1-150. 10.1038\/kisup.2012.77","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000516371","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Adamczak M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adamczak M, Surma S. Metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2021, 7:452-67. 10.1159\/000516371","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0005402021","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between low serum bicarbonate and linear growth in children with CKD","volume":"3","author":"Brown DD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown DD, Carroll M, Ng DK, et al.. Longitudinal associations between low serum bicarbonate and linear growth in children with CKD. Kidney360. 2022, 3:666-76. 10.34067\/KID.0005402021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5049\/EBP.2014.12.2.80","article-title":"Effect of bicarbonate supplementation on renal function and nutritional indices in predialysis advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Jeong J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeong J, Kwon SK, Kim HY. Effect of bicarbonate supplementation on renal function and nutritional indices in predialysis advanced chronic kidney disease. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2014, 12:80-7. 10.5049\/EBP.2014.12.2.80","journal-title":"Electrolyte Blood Press"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.401","article-title":"Bicarbonate therapy for prevention of chronic kidney disease progression","volume":"85","author":"\u0141oniewski I","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u0141oniewski I, Wesson DE. Bicarbonate therapy for prevention of chronic kidney disease progression. Kidney Int. 2014, 85:529-35. 10.1038\/ki.2013.401","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000119","article-title":"Effect of sodium bicarbonate on systolic blood pressure in CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Beynon-Cobb B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beynon-Cobb B, Louca P, Hoorn EJ, Menni C, Padmanabhan S. Effect of sodium bicarbonate on systolic blood pressure in CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023, 18:435-45. 10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000119","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.08.028","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis of CKD: an update","volume":"67","author":"Kraut JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kraut JA, Madias NE. Metabolic acidosis of CKD: an update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016, 67:307-17. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.08.028","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014020205","article-title":"Current status of bicarbonate in CKD","volume":"26","author":"Dobre M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dobre M, Rahman M, Hostetter TH. Current status of bicarbonate in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015, 26:515-23. 10.1681\/ASN.2014020205","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Adequacy of sample size in health studies","author":"Lemeshow S","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of sample size in health studies. Wiley, Chichester; 1990."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020159","article-title":"Timing of onset of CKD-related metabolic complications","volume":"20","author":"Moranne O","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moranne O, Froissart M, Rossert J, et al.. Timing of onset of CKD-related metabolic complications. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009, 20:164-71. 10.1681\/ASN.2008020159","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.02.393","article-title":"GFR estimating equations in a multiethnic Asian population","volume":"58","author":"Teo BW","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teo BW, Xu H, Wang D, et al.. GFR estimating equations in a multiethnic Asian population. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011, 58:56-63. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.02.393","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfq211","article-title":"Creatinine determination according to Jaffe-what does it stand for?","volume":"4","author":"Delanghe JR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. Creatinine determination according to Jaffe-what does it stand for?. NDT Plus. 2011, 4:83-6. 10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfq211","journal-title":"NDT Plus"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcps.2014.12.002","article-title":"Toward a more nuanced understanding of the statistical properties of a median split","volume":"25","author":"Iacobucci D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iacobucci D, Posavac SS, Kardes FR, Schneider MJ, Popovich DL. Toward a more nuanced understanding of the statistical properties of a median split. J Consum Psychol. 2015, 25:652-65. 10.1016\/j.jcps.2014.12.002","journal-title":"J Consum Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03730411","article-title":"Serum bicarbonate and mortality in stage 3 and stage 4 chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Navaneethan SD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Navaneethan SD, Schold JD, Arrigain S, et al.. Serum bicarbonate and mortality in stage 3 and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011, 6:2395-402. 10.2215\/CJN.03730411","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00905-3","article-title":"Bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Eknoyan G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eknoyan G, Levin A, Levin NW. Bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003, 42:1-201. 10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00905-3","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000100489","article-title":"Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)","volume":"105","author":"Clase CM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Clase CM, Kiberd BA, Garg AX. Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Nephron Clin Pract. 2007, 105:c178-84. 10.1159\/000100489","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.06.005","article-title":"Adverse effects of the metabolic acidosis of chronic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Kraut JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kraut JA, Madias NE. Adverse effects of the metabolic acidosis of chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2017, 24:289-97. 10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.06.005","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2019.04.009","article-title":"Acid base balance and progression of kidney disease","volume":"39","author":"Chen W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen W, Levy DS, Abramowitz MK. Acid base balance and progression of kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 2019, 39:406-17. 10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2019.04.009","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-015-9482-y","article-title":"Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in heart failure: pathophysiology and implications","volume":"20","author":"Urso C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Urso C, Brucculeri S, Caimi G. Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in heart failure: pathophysiology and implications. Heart Fail Rev. 2015, 20:493-503. 10.1007\/s10741-015-9482-y","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02760221","article-title":"Assessment of acid-base status: beyond serum bicarbonate","volume":"16","author":"Kraut JA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kraut JA, Raphael KL. Assessment of acid-base status: beyond serum bicarbonate. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021, 16:1429-31. 10.2215\/CJN.02760221","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/237926-prevalence-risk-factors-and-management-of-metabolic-acidosis-in-chronic-kidney-disease-patients-a-multicenter-retrospective-study-in-malaysia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T12:33:27Z","timestamp":1710678807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/237926-prevalence-risk-factors-and-management-of-metabolic-acidosis-in-chronic-kidney-disease-patients-a-multicenter-retrospective-study-in-malaysia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.56314","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]}}}