{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:18:44Z","timestamp":1782397124614,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T07:06:15Z","timestamp":1711868775000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing the Accuracy of Lateral Cephalogram in Quantifying Three-Dimensional Pharyngeal Airway Morphology Compared to Cone-Beam Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Syed","family":"Ashique Abdulhameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Kader","family":"Riyaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Almutairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Khan N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saikarthik","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Gaonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318172fd03","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography: an innovative tool for airway assessment","volume":"106","author":"Osorio F","year":"2008","unstructured":"Osorio F, Perilla M, Doyle DJ, Palomo JM. Cone beam computed tomography: an innovative tool for airway assessment. Anesth Analg. 2008, 106:1803-7. 10.1213\/ane.0b013e318172fd03","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2009.02.001","article-title":"Effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on airway dimensions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"15","author":"Haskell JA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haskell JA, McCrillis J, Haskell BS, Scheetz JP, Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on airway dimensions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Semin Orthod. 2009, 15:132-58. 10.1053\/j.sodo.2009.02.001","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.01.015","article-title":"Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space amongst different skeletal patterns","volume":"41","author":"Alves M Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alves M Jr, Franzotti ES, Baratieri C, Nunes LK, Nojima LI, Ruellas AC. Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space amongst different skeletal patterns. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012, 41:814-9. 10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.01.015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.01.020","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology","volume":"136","author":"Grauer D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grauer D, Cevidanes LS, Styner MA, Ackerman JL, Proffit WR. Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009, 136:805-14. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.01.020","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.08.014","article-title":"Evaluation of upper airway obstruction in Class II children with fluid-mechanical simulation","volume":"139","author":"Iwasaki T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iwasaki T, Saitoh I, Takemoto Y, Inada E, Kanomi R, Hayasaki H, Yamasaki Y. Evaluation of upper airway obstruction in Class II children with fluid-mechanical simulation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011, 139:e135-45. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.08.014","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.10.025","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns","volume":"137","author":"Kim YJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Hong JS, Hwang YI, Park YH. Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010, 137:306.e1-11; discussion 306-7. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.10.025","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.06.020","article-title":"A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects","volume":"37","author":"Muto T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muto T, Yamazaki A, Takeda S. A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008, 37:228-31. 10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.06.020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/030809-130.1","article-title":"A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children","volume":"80","author":"Zhong Z","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Tang Z, Gao X, Zeng XL. A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children. Angle Orthod. 2010, 80:267-74. 10.2319\/030809-130.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.09.033","article-title":"Comparison of cone-beam CT parameters and sleep questionnaires in sleep apnea patients and control subjects","volume":"109","author":"Enciso R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enciso R, Nguyen M, Shigeta Y, Ogawa T, Clark GT. Comparison of cone-beam CT parameters and sleep questionnaires in sleep apnea patients and control subjects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010, 109:285-93. 10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.09.033","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.08.010","article-title":"Teenage sleep-disordered breathing: recurrence of syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Guilleminault C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guilleminault C, Huang YS, Quo S, Monteyrol PJ, Lin CH. Teenage sleep-disordered breathing: recurrence of syndrome. Sleep Med. 2013, 14:37-44. 10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.08.010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-009-0318-7","article-title":"Soft palate length and upper airway relationship in OSA and non-OSA subjects","volume":"14","author":"Shigeta Y","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shigeta Y, Ogawa T, Tomoko I, Clark GT, Enciso R. Soft palate length and upper airway relationship in OSA and non-OSA subjects. Sleep Breath. 2010, 14:353-8. 10.1007\/s11325-009-0318-7","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2012.02.002","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography: craniofacial and airway analysis","volume":"56","author":"Hatcher DC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hatcher DC. Cone beam computed tomography: craniofacial and airway analysis. Dent Clin North Am. 2012, 56:343-57. 10.1016\/j.cden.2012.02.002","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90009-3","article-title":"The inadequacy of cephalometric radiographs for airway assessment","volume":"77","author":"Vig PS","year":"1980","unstructured":"Vig PS, Hall DJ. The inadequacy of cephalometric radiographs for airway assessment. Am J Orthod. 1980, 77:230-3. 10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90009-3","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/80778956","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of mouth breathers among paediatric patients","volume":"39","author":"Farid M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farid M, Metwalli N. Computed tomographic evaluation of mouth breathers among paediatric patients. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010, 39:1-10. 10.1259\/dmfr\/80778956","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043","article-title":"Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"135","author":"Aboudara C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aboudara C, Nielsen I, Huang JC, Maki K, Miller AJ, Hatcher D. Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009, 135:468-79. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488009127132","article-title":"Assessment of the nasopharyngeal airway. A rhinomanometric and radiographic study in children with adenoids","volume":"89","author":"S\u00f8rensen H","year":"1980","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen H, Solow B, Greve E. Assessment of the nasopharyngeal airway. A rhinomanometric and radiographic study in children with adenoids. Acta Otolaryngol. 1980, 89:227-32. 10.3109\/00016488009127132","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01482.x","article-title":"An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study","volume":"13","author":"Lenza MG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lenza MG, Lenza MM, Dalstra M, Melsen B, Cattaneo PM. An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010, 13:96-105. 10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01482.x","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90116-3","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind S","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod. 1971, 60:505-17. 10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90116-3","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/8.3.141","article-title":"The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements","volume":"8","author":"Ahlqvist J","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ahlqvist J, Eliasson S, Welander U. The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements. Eur J Orthod. 1986, 8:141-8. 10.1093\/ejo\/8.3.141","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.09.016","article-title":"Reliability and accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography dental measurements","volume":"136","author":"Baumgaertel S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baumgaertel S, Palomo JM, Palomo L, Hans MG. Reliability and accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography dental measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009, 136:19-25; discussion 25-8. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.09.016","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20130291","article-title":"Basic training requirements for the use of dental CBCT by dentists: a position paper prepared by the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology","volume":"43","author":"Brown J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown J, Jacobs R, Levring J\u00e4ghagen E, Lindh C, Baksi G, Schulze D, Schulze R. Basic training requirements for the use of dental CBCT by dentists: a position paper prepared by the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2014, 43:20130291. 10.1259\/dmfr.20130291","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0030-6665(05)70100-6","article-title":"Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques","volume":"31","author":"Schwab RJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwab RJ, Goldberg AN. Upper airway assessment: radiographic and other imaging techniques. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1998, 31:931-68. 10.1016\/s0030-6665(05)70100-6","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Adenoids. Their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the denition. A biometric, rhino-manometric and cephalometro-radiographic study on children with and without adenoids","volume":"265","author":"Linder-Aronson S","year":"1970","unstructured":"Linder-Aronson S. Adenoids. Their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the denition. A biometric, rhino-manometric and cephalometro-radiographic study on children with and without adenoids. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1970, 265:1-132.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000275083","article-title":"Radiocephalometric analysis of anteroposterior nasopharyngeal dimensions in 6-to 12-year-old mouth breathers compared with nose breathers","volume":"35","author":"Linder-Aronson S","year":"1973","unstructured":"Linder-Aronson S, Henrikson CO. Radiocephalometric analysis of anteroposterior nasopharyngeal dimensions in 6-to 12-year-old mouth breathers compared with nose breathers. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1973, 35:19-29. 10.1159\/000275083","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-5231(05)70430-5","article-title":"Upper airway imaging","volume":"19","author":"Schwab RJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwab RJ. Upper airway imaging. Clin Chest Med. 1998, 19:33-54. 10.1016\/s0272-5231(05)70430-5","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1991)061<0247:VMEDDA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment","volume":"61","author":"Nielsen IL","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen IL. Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. Angle Orthod. 1991, 61:247-60. 10.1043\/0003-3219(1991)061&lt;0247:VMEDDA&gt;2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90373-7","article-title":"Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology","volume":"86","author":"Solow B","year":"1984","unstructured":"Solow B, Siersbaek-Nielsen S, Greve E. Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology. Am J Orthod. 1984, 86:214-23. 10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90373-7","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/224776-assessing-the-accuracy-of-lateral-cephalogram-in-quantifying-three-dimensional-pharyngeal-airway-morphology-compared-to-cone-beam-computed-tomography","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T07:06:20Z","timestamp":1711868780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/224776-assessing-the-accuracy-of-lateral-cephalogram-in-quantifying-three-dimensional-pharyngeal-airway-morphology-compared-to-cone-beam-computed-tomography"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.57301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]}}}