{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:57:49Z","timestamp":1790769469866,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T13:04:21Z","timestamp":1712322261000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban, Dabigatran, and Rivaroxaban in Patients With Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Control Trials and Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Huria","family":"Huma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omkar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Shaukat Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merid","family":"Moqattash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin R","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danish","family":"Allahwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al.. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021, 42:373-498. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62343-0","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"383","author":"Ruff CT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, et al.. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2014, 383:955-62. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62343-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-019-09936-8","article-title":"The effects of valvular heart disease on atrial conduction during sinus rhythm","volume":"13","author":"van der Does LJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Does LJ, Lanters EA, Teuwen CP, et al.. The effects of valvular heart disease on atrial conduction during sinus rhythm. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2020, 13:632-9. 10.1007\/s12265-019-09936-8","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.792559","article-title":"Arrhythmias in patients with valvular heart disease: gaps in knowledge and the way forward","volume":"9","author":"Kubala M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kubala M, de Chillou C, Bohbot Y, Lancellotti P, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tribouilloy C. Arrhythmias in patients with valvular heart disease: gaps in knowledge and the way forward. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022, 9:792559. 10.3389\/fcvm.2022.792559","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","article-title":"Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Granger CB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al.. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011, 365:981-92. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"361","author":"Connolly SJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al.. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009, 361:1139-51. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009638","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Patel MR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al.. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011, 365:883-91. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1009638","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310907","article-title":"Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"369","author":"Giugliano RP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, et al.. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013, 369:2093-104. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1310907","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab025","article-title":"Two-year outcomes of more than 30\u00a0000 elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the All Nippon AF In the Elderly (ANAFIE) Registry","volume":"8","author":"Yamashita T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamashita T, Suzuki S, Inoue H, et al.. Two-year outcomes of more than 30\u00a0000 elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the All Nippon AF In the Elderly (ANAFIE) Registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2022, 8:202-13. 10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28763","article-title":"Comparison of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in the prevention of stroke in patients with valvular heart disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Batool S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batool S, Chaudhari SS, Shaik TA, et al.. Comparison of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in the prevention of stroke in patients with valvular heart disease: a meta-analysis. Cureus. 2022, 14:e28763. 10.7759\/cureus.28763","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-0135","article-title":"JCS\/JSCS\/JATS\/JSVS 2020 guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"84","author":"Izumi C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Izumi C, Eishi K, Ashihara K, et al.. JCS\/JSCS\/JATS\/JSVS 2020 guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease. Circ J. 2020, 84:2037-119. 10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-0135","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014807","article-title":"Apixaban in comparison with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: findings from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) Trial","volume":"132","author":"Avezum A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Avezum A, Lopes RD, Schulte PJ, et al.. Apixaban in comparison with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: findings from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) Trial. Circulation. 2015, 132:624-32. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014807","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu305","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease participating in the ROCKET AF trial","volume":"35","author":"Breithardt G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Breithardt G, Baumgartner H, Berkowitz SD, et al.. Clinical characteristics and outcomes with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease participating in the ROCKET AF trial. Eur Heart J. 2014, 35:3377-85. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu305","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.031","article-title":"Valvular heart disease patients on edoxaban or warfarin in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial","volume":"69","author":"De Caterina R","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Caterina R, Renda G, Carnicelli AP, et al.. Valvular heart disease patients on edoxaban or warfarin in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017, 69:1372-82. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.031","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209051","article-title":"Rivaroxaban in rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation","volume":"387","author":"Connolly SJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Connolly SJ, Karthikeyan G, Ntsekhe M, et al.. Rivaroxaban in rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022, 387:978-88. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2209051","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-0318","article-title":"Apixaban versus rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: a population-based study","volume":"175","author":"Dawwas GK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dawwas GK, Cuker A, Barnes GD, Lewis JD, Hennessy S. Apixaban versus rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: a population-based study. Ann Intern Med. 2022, 175:1506-14. 10.7326\/M22-0318","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-016-0124-1","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin after bioprosthesis valve replacement for the management of atrial fibrillation postoperatively: DAWA pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Dur\u00e3es AR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dur\u00e3es AR, de Souza Roriz P, de Almeida Nunes B, Albuquerque FP, de Bulh\u00f5es FV, de Souza Fernandes AM, Aras R. Dabigatran versus warfarin after bioprosthesis valve replacement for the management of atrial fibrillation postoperatively: DAWA pilot study. Drugs R D. 2016, 16:149-54. 10.1007\/s40268-016-0124-1","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300615","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves","volume":"369","author":"Eikelboom JW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, et al.. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013, 369:1206-14. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1300615","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020950","article-title":"Comparison of dabigatran and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: the RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy)","volume":"134","author":"Ezekowitz MD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ezekowitz MD, Nagarakanti R, Noack H, et al.. Comparison of dabigatran and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: the RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy). Circulation. 2016, 134:589-98. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020950","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029603","article-title":"Rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and a bioprosthetic mitral valve","volume":"383","author":"Guimar\u00e3es HP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es HP, Lopes RD, de Barros E Silva PG, et al.. Rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and a bioprosthetic mitral valve. N Engl J Med. 2020, 383:2117-26. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2029603","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs109","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012)","volume":"33","author":"Vahanian A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, et al.. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 2012, 33:2451-96. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs109","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00775-z","article-title":"Apixaban: a clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review","volume":"58","author":"Byon W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Byon W, Garonzik S, Boyd RA, Frost CE. Apixaban: a clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2019, 58:1265-79. 10.1007\/s40262-019-00775-z","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60780-7","article-title":"Antithrombotic management of patients with prosthetic heart valves: current evidence and future trends","volume":"15","author":"Sun JC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sun JC, Davidson MJ, Lamy A, Eikelboom JW. Antithrombotic management of patients with prosthetic heart valves: current evidence and future trends. Lancet. 2009, 15:565-576. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60780-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu352","article-title":"What is 'valvular' atrial fibrillation? A reappraisal","volume":"35","author":"De Caterina R","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Caterina R, Camm AJ. What is 'valvular' atrial fibrillation? A reappraisal. Eur Heart J. 2014, 35:3328-35. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu352","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242625-comparison-of-effectiveness-and-safety-of-apixaban-dabigatran-and-rivaroxaban-in-patients-with-valvular-atrial-fibrillation-a-network-meta-analysis-of-randomized-control-trials-and-observational-studies","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1712322265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242625-comparison-of-effectiveness-and-safety-of-apixaban-dabigatran-and-rivaroxaban-in-patients-with-valvular-atrial-fibrillation-a-network-meta-analysis-of-randomized-control-trials-and-observational-studies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.57656","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]}}}