{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T05:02:18Z","timestamp":1769317338958,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T16:25:28Z","timestamp":1712420728000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Algorithms for Empathy: Using Machine Learning to Categorize Common Empathetic Traits Across Professional and Peer-Based Conversations"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Provence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa A","family":"Forcehimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.382","article-title":"Are experts needed? On human evaluation of counselling reflection generation","author":"Wu Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Z, Balloccu S, Reiter E, Helaoui R, Recupero DR, Riboni D. Are experts needed? On human evaluation of counselling reflection generation. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, Toronto, Canada; 2023. 1:6906-30. 10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.382"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.006","article-title":"A comparison of natural language processing methods for automated coding of motivational interviewing","volume":"65","author":"Tanana M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanana M, Hallgren KA, Imel ZE, Atkins DC, Srikumar V. A comparison of natural language processing methods for automated coding of motivational interviewing. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016, 65:43-50. 10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.006","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199737208.001.0001","article-title":"Empathy","author":"Elliott R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elliott R, Bohart AC, Watson JC, Greenberg LS. Empathy. Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Evidence-Based Responsiveness. Norcross J (ed): Oxford University Press, New York; 2011. 132-52. 10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199737208.001.0001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022187","article-title":"Empathy","volume":"48","author":"Elliott R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elliott R, Bohart AC, Watson JC, Greenberg LS. Empathy. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2011, 48:43-9. 10.1037\/a0022187","journal-title":"Psychotherapy (Chic)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.3.441","article-title":"Therapeutic empathy and recovery from depression in cognitive-behavioral therapy: A structural equation model","volume":"60","author":"Burns DD","year":"1992","unstructured":"Burns DD, Nolen-Hoeksma S. Therapeutic empathy and recovery from depression in cognitive-behavioral therapy: A structural equation model. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992, 60:441-9. 10.1037\/0022-006X.60.3.441","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(83)80107-5","article-title":"Two-year follow-up of bibliotherapy and therapist-directed controlled drinking training for problem drinkers","volume":"14","author":"Miller W","year":"1983","unstructured":"Miller W, Baca L. Two-year follow-up of bibliotherapy and therapist-directed controlled drinking training for problem drinkers. Behavior Therapy. 1983, 14:441-8. 10.1016\/S0005-7894(83)80107-5","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000074","article-title":"Therapist empathy, combined behavioral intervention, and alcohol outcomes in the COMBINE research project","volume":"84","author":"Moyers TB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moyers TB, Houck J, Rice SL, Longabaugh R, Miller WR. Therapist empathy, combined behavioral intervention, and alcohol outcomes in the COMBINE research project. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016, 84:221-9. 10.1037\/ccp0000074","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2019.1658912","article-title":"Examining the role of therapists' empathy and clients' attachment styles on changes in clients' affect regulation and outcome in the treatment of depression","volume":"30","author":"Watson JC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watson JC, McMullen EJ, Rodrigues A, Prosser MC. Examining the role of therapists' empathy and clients' attachment styles on changes in clients' affect regulation and outcome in the treatment of depression. Psychother Res. 2020, 30:693-705. 10.1080\/10503307.2019.1658912","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327027HC1602_2","article-title":"The role of empathy in responses to persuasive risk communication: overcoming resistance to HIV prevention messages","volume":"16","author":"Campbell RG","year":"2004","unstructured":"Campbell RG, Babrow AS. The role of empathy in responses to persuasive risk communication: overcoming resistance to HIV prevention messages. Health Commun. 2004, 16:159-82. 10.1207\/S15327027HC1602_2","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2014.856225","article-title":"Is there an association between empathic speech and change talk in motivational interviewing sessions?","volume":"32","author":"Fischer D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fischer D, Moyers T. Is there an association between empathic speech and change talk in motivational interviewing sessions?. Alcohol Treat Q. 2014, 32:3-18. 10.1080\/07347324.2014.856225","journal-title":"Alcohol Treat Q"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2017.07.014","article-title":"Effects of narrator empathy in a computer delivered brief intervention for alcohol use","volume":"61","author":"Ellis JD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ellis JD, Grekin ER, Beatty JR, et al.. Effects of narrator empathy in a computer delivered brief intervention for alcohol use. Contemp Clin Trials. 2017, 61:29-32. 10.1016\/j.cct.2017.07.014","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0002","article-title":"These things called empathy: eight related but distinct phenomena","author":"Batson C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Batson C. These things called empathy: eight related but distinct phenomena. The Social Neuroscience of Empathy. MIT Press Scholarship Online, Cambridge, MA; 2009. 3-15. 10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0002"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000221","article-title":"Design feasibility of an automated, machine-learning based feedback system for motivational interviewing","volume":"56","author":"Imel ZE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Imel ZE, Pace BT, Soma CS, et al.. Design feasibility of an automated, machine-learning based feedback system for motivational interviewing. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2019, 56:318-28. 10.1037\/pst0000221","journal-title":"Psychotherapy (Chic)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12529","article-title":"Development and evaluation of clientbot: patient-like conversational agent to train basic counseling skills","volume":"21","author":"Tanana MJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanana MJ, Soma CS, Srikumar V, Atkins DC, Imel ZE. Development and evaluation of clientbot: patient-like conversational agent to train basic counseling skills. J Med Internet Res. 2019, 21:e12529. 10.2196\/12529","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.59","article-title":"A technology prototype system for rating therapist empathy from audio recordings in addiction counseling","volume":"2","author":"Xiao B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao B, Huang C, Imel ZE, Atkins DC, Georgiou P, Narayanan SS. A technology prototype system for rating therapist empathy from audio recordings in addiction counseling. PeerJ Comput Sci. 2016, 2:10.7717\/peerj-cs.59","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.10.034","article-title":"Coding interactions in Motivational Interviewing with computer-software: What are the advantages for process researchers?","volume":"44","author":"Klonek FE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klonek FE, Quera V, Kauffeld S. Coding interactions in Motivational Interviewing with computer-software: What are the advantages for process researchers?. Computers in Human Behavior. 2015, 44:10.1016\/j.chb.2014.10.034","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Motivational interviewing: helping people change and grow","author":"Miller WR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: helping people change and grow. Guilford Press, New York; 2023."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199407","article-title":"An explainable artificial intelligence approach for detecting empathy in textual communication","volume":"12","author":"Montiel-V\u00e1zquez EC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montiel-V\u00e1zquez EC, Ram\u00edrez Uresti JA, Loyola-Gonz\u00e1lez O. An explainable artificial intelligence approach for detecting empathy in textual communication. Appl Sci. 2022, 12:9407. 10.3390\/app12199407","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15030110","article-title":"Creation, analysis and evaluation of annomi, a dataset of expert-annotated counselling dialogues","volume":"6177","author":"Wu Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Z, Balloccu S, Kumar V, Helaoui R, Reiter E, Recupero DR, Riboni D. Creation, analysis and evaluation of annomi, a dataset of expert-annotated counselling dialogues. Proceedings of the ICASSP 2022-2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Singapore, 23-27 May. 2022, 6177:6181. 10.3390\/fi15030110","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ICASSP 2022-2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Singapore, 23-27 May"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.11.001","article-title":"Assessing competence in the use of motivational interviewing","volume":"28","author":"Moyers TB","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moyers TB, Martin T, Manuel JK, Hendrickson SM, Miller WR. Assessing competence in the use of motivational interviewing. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005, 28:19-26. 10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.11.001","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Curating a large-scale motivational interviewing dataset using peer support forums","author":"Welivita A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Welivita A, Pu P. Curating a large-scale motivational interviewing dataset using peer support forums. Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. International Committee. 2022, 3315-30.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. International Committee"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2023.2218981","article-title":"Empathic reflections by themselves are not effective: meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis","volume":"33","author":"Elliott R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elliott R, Bohart A, Larson D, Muntigl P, Smoliak O. Empathic reflections by themselves are not effective: meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis. Psychother Res. 2023, 33:957-73. 10.1080\/10503307.2023.2218981","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472306.3478344","article-title":"Enhancing conversational agents with empathic abilities","author":"Casas J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casas J, Spring T, Daher K, Mugellini E, Khaled OA, Cudr\u00e9-Mauroux P. Enhancing conversational agents with empathic abilities. Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA). 2021, 41-7. 10.1145\/3472306.3478344","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00593-2","article-title":"Human-AI collaboration enables more empathic conversations in text-based peer-to-peer mental health support","volume":"5","author":"Sharma A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma A, Lin IW, Miner AS, Atkins, DC, Althoff T. Human-AI collaboration enables more empathic conversations in text-based peer-to-peer mental health support. Nat Mach Intell. 2023, 5:46-57. 10.1038\/s42256-022-00593-2","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/225524-algorithms-for-empathy-using-machine-learning-to-categorize-common-empathetic-traits-across-professional-and-peer-based-conversations","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T16:25:32Z","timestamp":1712420732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/225524-algorithms-for-empathy-using-machine-learning-to-categorize-common-empathetic-traits-across-professional-and-peer-based-conversations"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.57719","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]]}}}