{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:48:07Z","timestamp":1774406887385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.58333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T19:57:02Z","timestamp":1713211022000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intradiscal Steroid Injections for Degenerative Disc Disease With Modic Changes: A Retrospective Study of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Features"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jason L","family":"Marcus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin  D","family":"Westerhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas P","family":"Beall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isis","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidur","family":"Ghantiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(99)01312-4","article-title":"Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain","volume":"354","author":"Andersson GB","year":"1999","unstructured":"Andersson GB. Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet. 1999, 354:581-5. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(99)01312-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally","volume":"8","author":"Dagenais S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. Spine J. 2008, 8:8-20. 10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.005","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01045.x","article-title":"What is the source of chronic low back pain and does age play a role?","volume":"12","author":"DePalma MJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"DePalma MJ, Ketchum JM, Saullo T. What is the source of chronic low back pain and does age play a role?. Pain Med. 2011, 12:224-33. 10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01045.x","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v4.i2.42","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain","volume":"4","author":"Peng BG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng BG. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain. World J Orthop. 2013, 4:42-52. 10.5312\/wjo.v4.i2.42","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","article-title":"Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging","volume":"166","author":"Modic MT","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Steinberg PM, Ross JS, Masaryk TJ, Carter JR. Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. Radiology. 1988, 166:193-9. 10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3289089","article-title":"Imaging of degenerative disk disease","volume":"168","author":"Modic MT","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Masaryk TJ, Ross JS, Carter JR. Imaging of degenerative disk disease. Radiology. 1988, 168:177-86. 10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3289089","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.12.1211","article-title":"Dexamethasone in the management of symptoms due to herniated lumbar disc","volume":"38","author":"Green LN","year":"1975","unstructured":"Green LN. Dexamethasone in the management of symptoms due to herniated lumbar disc. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975, 38:1211-7. 10.1136\/jnnp.38.12.1211","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ab5432","article-title":"2009 ISSLS Prize Winner: does discography cause accelerated progression of degeneration changes in the lumbar disc: a ten-year matched cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Carragee EJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carragee EJ, Don AS, Hurwitz EL, Cuellar JM, Carrino JA, Herzog R. 2009 ISSLS Prize Winner: does discography cause accelerated progression of degeneration changes in the lumbar disc: a ten-year matched cohort study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009, 34:2338-45. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ab5432","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.01.007","article-title":"Comparison of discographic findings in asymptomatic subject discs and the negative discs of chronic LBP patients: can discography distinguish asymptomatic discs among morphologically abnormal discs?","volume":"5","author":"Derby R","year":"2005","unstructured":"Derby R, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Chen Y, Seo KS, Aprill C. Comparison of discographic findings in asymptomatic subject discs and the negative discs of chronic LBP patients: can discography distinguish asymptomatic discs among morphologically abnormal discs?. Spine J. 2005, 5:389-94. 10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.01.007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199206001-00019","article-title":"Intradiscal steroids. A prospective double-blind clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Simmons JW","year":"1992","unstructured":"Simmons JW, McMillin JN, Emery SF, Kimmich SJ. Intradiscal steroids. A prospective double-blind clinical trial. Spine. 1992, 17:S172-5.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198503000-00005","article-title":"The influence of vertebral body fracture, intradiscal injection, and partial discectomy on the radial bulge and height of human lumbar discs","volume":"10","author":"Brinckmann P","year":"1985","unstructured":"Brinckmann P, Manfred H. The influence of vertebral body fracture, intradiscal injection, and partial discectomy on the radial bulge and height of human lumbar discs. Spine. 1985, 10:138-45.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0301-y","article-title":"Relation of inflammatory modic changes to intradiscal steroid injection outcome in chronic low back pain","volume":"16","author":"Fayad F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fayad F, Lefevre-Colau MM, Rannou F, et al.. Relation of inflammatory modic changes to intradiscal steroid injection outcome in chronic low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2007, 16:925-31. 10.1007\/s00586-006-0301-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a59a0","article-title":"Modified Pfirrmann grading system for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Griffith JF","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffith JF, Wang YX, Antonio GE, Choi KC, Yu A, Ahuja AT, Leung PC. Modified Pfirrmann grading system for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007, 32:E708-12. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a59a0","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Atlas of Image-Guided Spinal Procedures (Second Edition)","author":"Furman MB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Furman MB, Berkwits L. Atlas of Image-Guided Spinal Procedures (Second Edition). Furman M, Berkwits L, Cohen I, et al. (ed): Elsevier, Inc., Philadelphia, PA; 2017."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12565","article-title":"The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) recommendations for infection prevention and management","volume":"20","author":"Deer TR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deer TR, Provenzano DA, Hanes M, et al.. The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) recommendations for infection prevention and management. Neuromodulation. 2017, 20:31-50. 10.1111\/ner.12565","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.03.003","article-title":"Clinically important outcomes in low back pain","volume":"19","author":"Ostelo RW","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ostelo RW, de Vet HC. Clinically important outcomes in low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005, 19:593-607. 10.1016\/j.berh.2005.03.003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.03.024","article-title":"The effect of spinal steroid injections for degenerative disc disease","volume":"4","author":"Buttermann GR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buttermann GR. The effect of spinal steroid injections for degenerative disc disease. Spine J. 2004, 4:495-505. 10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.03.024","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4498","article-title":"MRI findings of disc degeneration are more prevalent in adults with low back pain than in asymptomatic controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Brinjikji W","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brinjikji W, Diehn FE, Jarvik JG, Carr CM, Kallmes DF, Murad MH, Luetmer PH. MRI findings of disc degeneration are more prevalent in adults with low back pain than in asymptomatic controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015, 36:2394-9. 10.3174\/ajnr.A4498","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199601010-00018","article-title":"Lumbar disc high-intensity zone: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and discography","volume":"21","author":"Schellhas KP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schellhas KP, Pollei SR, Gundry CR, Heithoff KB. Lumbar disc high-intensity zone: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and discography. Spine. 1996, 21:79-86.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407143310201","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain","volume":"331","author":"Jensen MC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. N Engl J Med. 1994, 331:69-73. 10.1056\/NEJM199407143310201","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2009.35.012","article-title":"Intradiscal interventional therapy for degenerative chronic discogenic low back pain with endplate Modic changes","volume":"89","author":"Zhuang CY","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhuang CY, Cao P, Zheng T, et al.. Intradiscal interventional therapy for degenerative chronic discogenic low back pain with endplate Modic changes. Nat Med J of China. 2009, 89:2490-4. 10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2009.35.012","journal-title":"Nat Med J of China"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Lumbar spinal fusion. A cohort study of complications, reoperations, and resource use in the Medicare population","volume":"18","author":"Deyo RA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Ciol MA, Cherkin DC, Loeser JD, Bigos SJ. Lumbar spinal fusion. A cohort study of complications, reoperations, and resource use in the Medicare population. Spine. 1993, 18:1463-70.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.114909","article-title":"Complications in lumbar spine surgery: a retrospective analysis","volume":"47","author":"Proietti L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proietti L, Scaramuzzo L, Schiro' GR, Sessa S, Logroscino CA. Complications in lumbar spine surgery: a retrospective analysis. Indian J Orthop. 2013, 47:340-5. 10.4103\/0019-5413.114909","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d0c944","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of selected patients with discogenic low back pain: a small-sized randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"Ohtori S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohtori S, Koshi T, Yamashita M, et al.. Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of selected patients with discogenic low back pain: a small-sized randomized trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011, 36:347-54. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d0c944","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a401bf","article-title":"Results of surgery for discogenic low back pain: a randomized study using discography versus discoblock for diagnosis","volume":"34","author":"Ohtori S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ohtori S, Kinoshita T, Yamashita M, et al.. Results of surgery for discogenic low back pain: a randomized study using discography versus discoblock for diagnosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009, 34:1345-8. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a401bf","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0821-x","article-title":"Treatment of discogenic low back pain: current treatment strategies and future options-a literature review","volume":"23","author":"Zhao L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao L, Manchikanti L, Kaye AD, Abd-Elsayed A. Treatment of discogenic low back pain: current treatment strategies and future options-a literature review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019, 23:86. 10.1007\/s11916-019-0821-x","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d79a09","article-title":"Management patterns in acute low back pain: the role of physical therapy","volume":"37","author":"Gellhorn AC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gellhorn AC, Chan L, Martin B, Friedly J. Management patterns in acute low back pain: the role of physical therapy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012, 37:775-82. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d79a09","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.79b1.6814","article-title":"Sensory and sympathetic innervation of the vertebral endplate in patients with degenerative disc disease","volume":"79","author":"Brown MF","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown MF, Hukkanen MV, McCarthy ID, et al.. Sensory and sympathetic innervation of the vertebral endplate in patients with degenerative disc disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997, 79:147-53. 10.1302\/0301-620x.79b1.6814","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1108","article-title":"Nerve growth factor expression and innervation of the painful intervertebral disc","volume":"197","author":"Freemont AJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Freemont AJ, Watkins A, Le Maitre C, et al.. Nerve growth factor expression and innervation of the painful intervertebral disc. J Pathol. 2002, 197:286-92. 10.1002\/path.1108","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/6015","article-title":"Intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation for the treatment of chronic low back pain: 2-year results from a prospective randomized double-blind sham-controlled multicenter study","volume":"13","author":"Fischgrund JS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fischgrund JS, Rhyne A, Franke J, et al.. Intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation for the treatment of chronic low back pain: 2-year results from a prospective randomized double-blind sham-controlled multicenter study. Int J Spine Surg. 2019, 13:110-9. 10.14444\/6015","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242174-intradiscal-steroid-injections-for-degenerative-disc-disease-with-modic-changes-a-retrospective-study-of-therapeutic-and-diagnostic-features","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T19:57:10Z","timestamp":1713211030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242174-intradiscal-steroid-injections-for-degenerative-disc-disease-with-modic-changes-a-retrospective-study-of-therapeutic-and-diagnostic-features"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.58333","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]}}}