{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:59:27Z","timestamp":1787032767886,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.58653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T22:56:16Z","timestamp":1713653776000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Postpartum Depression at a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Babita","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najma","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00055-8","article-title":"Heterogeneity of postpartum depression: a latent class analysis","volume":"2","author":"Postpartum Depression: Action Towards Causes and Treatment (PACT) Consortium","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postpartum Depression. Action Towards Causes and Treatment (PACT) Consortium: Heterogeneity of postpartum depression: a latent class analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015, 2:59-67. 10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00055-8","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00248","article-title":"Economic and health predictors of national postpartum depression prevalence: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 291 studies from 56 countries","volume":"8","author":"Hahn-Holbrook J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hahn-Holbrook J, Cornwell-Hinrichs T, Anaya I. Economic and health predictors of national postpartum depression prevalence: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 291 studies from 56 countries. Front Psychiatry. 2017, 8:248. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00248","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220902899714","article-title":"Infants of depressed mothers","volume":"17","author":"Tronick E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tronick E, Reck C. Infants of depressed mothers. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2009, 17:147-56. 10.1080\/10673220902899714","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02493.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression among women with preterm and low-birth-weight infants: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Vigod SN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vigod SN, Villegas L, Dennis CL, Ross LE. Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression among women with preterm and low-birth-weight infants: a systematic review. BJOG. 2010, 117:540-50. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02493.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014","article-title":"Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study","volume":"108","author":"Milgrom J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, et al.. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008, 108:147-57. 10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2012.0037","article-title":"Postpartum depression: a review","volume":"23","author":"Patel M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patel M, Bailey RK, Jabeen S, Ali S, Barker NC, Osiezagha K. Postpartum depression: a review. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012, 23:534-42. 10.1353\/hpu.2012.0037","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.041","article-title":"Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review","volume":"175","author":"Norhayati MN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Norhayati MN, Hazlina NH, Asrenee AR, Emilin WM. Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review. J Affect Disord. 2015, 175:34-52. 10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.041","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-002-0160-4","article-title":"Social stress and women's risk for recurrent depression","volume":"6","author":"Hammen C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hammen C. Social stress and women's risk for recurrent depression. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2003, 6:9-13. 10.1007\/s00737-002-0160-4","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.192237","article-title":"Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Upadhyay RP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Upadhyay RP, Chowdhury R, Aslyeh Salehi, et al.. Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2017, 95:706-17C. 10.2471\/BLT.17.192237","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale","volume":"150","author":"Cox JL","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987, 150:782-6. 10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.6.499","article-title":"Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India. Incidence and risk factors","volume":"181","author":"Chandran M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chandran M, Tharyan P, Muliyil J, Abraham S. Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India. Incidence and risk factors. Br J Psychiatry. 2002, 181:499-504. 10.1192\/bjp.181.6.499","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-013-0399-x","article-title":"Postpartum depression in north Indian women: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"63","author":"Gupta S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kishore J, Mala YM, Ramji S, Aggarwal R. Postpartum depression in north Indian women: prevalence and risk factors. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2013, 63:223-9. 10.1007\/s13224-013-0399-x","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms--17 states, 2004-2005","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2008","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms--17 states, 2004-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008, 57:361-6.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.12.051","article-title":"Cross-cultural and social diversity of prevalence of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms","volume":"91","author":"Halbreich U","year":"2006","unstructured":"Halbreich U, Karkun S. Cross-cultural and social diversity of prevalence of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2006, 91:97-111. 10.1016\/j.jad.2005.12.051","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aip.aip_48_17","article-title":"A study on prevalence of postpartum depression and correlation with risk factors","volume":"2","author":"Modi VP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Modi VP, Parikh MN, Valipay SK. A study on prevalence of postpartum depression and correlation with risk factors. Ann Indian Psychiatry. 2018, 2:27-32. 10.4103\/aip.aip_48_17","journal-title":"Ann Indian Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-150745962","article-title":"A study on evaluation of prevalence and risk factors of post partum depression (PPD) in Indian women","volume":"15","author":"Khan B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan B, Basu R. A study on evaluation of prevalence and risk factors of post partum depression (PPD) in Indian women. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016, 15:59-62. 10.9790\/0853-150745962","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764008097756","article-title":"Post-partum depression in the community: a qualitative study from rural South India","volume":"56","author":"Savarimuthu RJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Savarimuthu RJ, Ezhilarasu P, Charles H, Antonisamy B, Kurian S, Jacob KS. Post-partum depression in the community: a qualitative study from rural South India. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2010, 56:94-102. 10.1177\/0020764008097756","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7443.820","article-title":"Effect of maternal mental health on infant growth in low income countries: new evidence from South Asia","volume":"328","author":"Patel V","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patel V, Rahman A, Jacob KS, Hughes M. Effect of maternal mental health on infant growth in low income countries: new evidence from South Asia. BMJ. 2004, 328:820-3. 10.1136\/bmj.328.7443.820","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(01)01722-7","article-title":"Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms","volume":"99","author":"Josefsson A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Josefsson A, Angelsi\u00f6\u00f6 L, Berg G, Ekstr\u00f6m CM, Gunnervik C, Nordin C, Sydsj\u00f6 G. Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2002, 99:223-8. 10.1016\/s0029-7844(01)01722-7","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0b013e31827ed6db","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression among Arabic Muslim Jordanian women serving in the military","volume":"27","author":"Yehia DB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yehia DB, Callister LC, Hamdan-Mansour A. Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression among Arabic Muslim Jordanian women serving in the military. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2013, 27:25-33. 10.1097\/JPN.0b013e31827ed6db","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00862.x","article-title":"Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples","volume":"35","author":"Johnstone SJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnstone SJ, Boyce PM, Hickey AR, Morris-Yatees AD, Harris MG. Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2001, 35:69-74. 10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00862.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eog.10.27","article-title":"Preconception planning to reduce the risk of perinatal depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"5","author":"Avni-Barron O","year":"2010","unstructured":"Avni-Barron O, Hoagland K, Ford C, Miller L. Preconception planning to reduce the risk of perinatal depression and anxiety disorders. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 5:421-35. 10.1586\/eog.10.27","journal-title":"Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/19.5.469","article-title":"Postnatal depression: a few simple questions","volume":"19","author":"Steiner M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steiner M. Postnatal depression: a few simple questions. Fam Pract. 2002, 19:469-70. 10.1093\/fampra\/19.5.469","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.096651","article-title":"Infant sex, family support and postpartum depression in a Chinese cohort","volume":"65","author":"Xie RH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xie RH, Liao S, Xie H, Guo Y, Walker M, Wen SW. Infant sex, family support and postpartum depression in a Chinese cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011, 65:722-6. 10.1136\/jech.2009.096651","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.43","article-title":"Gender, poverty, and postnatal depression: a study of mothers in Goa, India","volume":"159","author":"Patel V","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patel V, Rodrigues M, DeSouza N. Gender, poverty, and postnatal depression: a study of mothers in Goa, India. Am J Psychiatry. 2002, 159:43-7. 10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.43","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-2870.128972","article-title":"Incidence and evaluation of factors contributing towards postpartum depression","volume":"7","author":"Saldana D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saldana D, Rathi N, Bal H, Chaudhari B. Incidence and evaluation of factors contributing towards postpartum depression. Med J Dr DY Patil Univ. 2014, 7:309-16. 10.4103\/0975-2870.128972","journal-title":"Med J Dr DY Patil Univ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0418-1","article-title":"Occurrence and correlates of postpartum depression in overweight and obese women: results from the active mothers postpartum (AMP) study","volume":"13","author":"Krause KM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause KM, Ostbye T, Swamy GK. Occurrence and correlates of postpartum depression in overweight and obese women: results from the active mothers postpartum (AMP) study. Matern Child Health J. 2009, 13:832-8. 10.1007\/s10995-008-0418-1","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20222585","article-title":"Dignity and respectful maternity care as an essential step towards universal health coverage","volume":"9","author":"Khan IA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan IA, Aditya V, Mishra R, Tiwari HC. Dignity and respectful maternity care as an essential step towards universal health coverage. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2022, 9:3898-01. 10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20222585","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02660.x","article-title":"Perinatal complications increase the risk of postpartum depression. The Generation R Study","volume":"117","author":"Blom EA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blom EA, Jansen PW, Verhulst FC, et al.. Perinatal complications increase the risk of postpartum depression. The Generation R Study. BJOG. 2010, 117:1390-8. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02660.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2514317","article-title":"The connections of pregnancy-, delivery-, and infant-related risk factors and negative life events on postpartum depression and their role in first and recurrent depression","volume":"2016","author":"Kettunen P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kettunen P, Koistinen E, Hintikka J. The connections of pregnancy-, delivery-, and infant-related risk factors and negative life events on postpartum depression and their role in first and recurrent depression. Depress Res Treat. 2016, 2016:2514317. 10.1155\/2016\/2514317","journal-title":"Depress Res Treat"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242953-a-cross-sectional-study-exploring-postpartum-depression-at-a-tertiary-care-center-in-eastern-uttar-pradesh-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T22:56:20Z","timestamp":1713653780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242953-a-cross-sectional-study-exploring-postpartum-depression-at-a-tertiary-care-center-in-eastern-uttar-pradesh-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.58653","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]}}}