{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:48:56Z","timestamp":1790275736095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.59953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T09:37:51Z","timestamp":1715247471000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Retrospective Analysis of the Clinicopathological Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Tobacco and Non-tobacco Users: Highlighting the Significance of Chronic Mechanical Irritation"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepu","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kutty","family":"Anisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abilasha","family":"Ramasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Ramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durairaj","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021, 71:209-49. 10.3322\/caac.21660","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13470","article-title":"High expression of novel biomarker TBRG4 promotes the progression and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Ramasubramanian A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramasubramanian A, Ramani P, Kannan B, Arumugam P. High expression of novel biomarker TBRG4 promotes the progression and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2023, 52:738-45. 10.1111\/jop.13470","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-022-01441-w","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma frequency in young patients from referral centers around the world","volume":"16","author":"Ferreira E Costa R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferreira E Costa R, Le\u00e3o ML, Sant'Ana MS, et al.. Oral squamous cell carcinoma frequency in young patients from referral centers around the world. Head Neck Pathol. 2022, 16:755-62. 10.1007\/s12105-022-01441-w","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_347_19","article-title":"Prevalence of oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia among North Indian population: a retrospective institutional study","volume":"24","author":"Singh S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh J, Chandra S, Samadi FM. Prevalence of oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia among North Indian population: a retrospective institutional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2020, 24:87-92. 10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_347_19","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_16_18","article-title":"Clinicopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma among the younger age group in coastal Karnataka, India: a retrospective study","volume":"22","author":"Abdulla R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdulla R, Adyanthaya S, Kini P, Mohanty V, D'Souza N, Subbannayya Y. Clinicopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma among the younger age group in coastal Karnataka, India: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2018, 22:180-7. 10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_16_18","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.3870","article-title":"Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers","volume":"31","author":"Chaturvedi AK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Lortet-Tieulent J, et al.. Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2013, 31:4550-9. 10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.3870","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.04.034","article-title":"Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer","volume":"58","author":"Rigel DS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rigel DS. Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008, 58:S129-32. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.04.034","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Retrospective study on risk habits among oral cancer patients in Karnataka Cancer Therapy and Research Institute, Hubli, India","volume":"12","author":"Aruna DS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aruna DS, Prasad KV, Shavi GR, Ariga J, Rajesh G, Krishna M. Retrospective study on risk habits among oral cancer patients in Karnataka Cancer Therapy and Research Institute, Hubli, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011, 12:1561-6.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2010.03.009","article-title":"Oral cancer: clinical features","volume":"46","author":"Bagan J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bagan J, Sarrion G, Jimenez Y. Oral cancer: clinical features. Oral Oncol. 2010, 46:414-7. 10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2010.03.009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21193","article-title":"Oral cavity cancer in developed and in developing countries: population-based incidence","volume":"32","author":"de Camargo Cancela M","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Camargo Cancela M, Voti L, Guerra-Yi M, Chapuis F, Mazuir M, Curado MP. Oral cavity cancer in developed and in developing countries: population-based incidence. Head Neck. 2010, 32:357-67. 10.1002\/hed.21193","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours","author":"El-Naggar AK","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootweg PJ. WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. IARC Publications, Lyon, France; 2017."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2013.14.9.5061","article-title":"Early stage oral tongue cancer among non-tobacco users - an increasing trend observed in a South Indian patient population presenting at a single centre","volume":"14","author":"Krishnamurthy A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy A, Ramshankar V. Early stage oral tongue cancer among non-tobacco users - an increasing trend observed in a South Indian patient population presenting at a single centre. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013, 14:5061-5. 10.7314\/apjcp.2013.14.9.5061","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104551","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in cancers of the lip, tongue and mouth","volume":"102","author":"Miranda-Filho A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miranda-Filho A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in cancers of the lip, tongue and mouth. Oral Oncol. 2020, 102:104551. 10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104551","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800481","article-title":"Oral cancer in young adults: report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"188","author":"Oliver RJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oliver RJ, Dearing J, Hindle I. Oral cancer in young adults: report of three cases and review of the literature. Br Dent J. 2000, 188:362-6. 10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800481","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1368-8375(00)00135-4","article-title":"Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young people \u2014 a comprehensive literature review","volume":"37","author":"Llewellyn CD","year":"2001","unstructured":"Llewellyn CD, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya KA. Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young people \u2014 a comprehensive literature review. Oral Oncol. 2001, 37:401-18. 10.1016\/s1368-8375(00)00135-4","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2017.0293061217","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study on 194 cases in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional retrospective study","volume":"136","author":"Leite AA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leite AA, Leonel AC, Castro JF, Carvalho EJ, Vargas PA, Kowalski LP, Perez DE. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study on 194 cases in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional retrospective study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2018, 136:165-9. 10.1590\/1516-3180.2017.0293061217","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06455","article-title":"Particle size penetration rate and effects of smoke and smokeless tobacco products - an invitro analysis","volume":"7","author":"Antony JV","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antony JV, Ramani P, Ramasubramanian A, Sukumaran G. Particle size penetration rate and effects of smoke and smokeless tobacco products - an invitro analysis. Heliyon. 2021, 7:e06455. 10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06455","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.52.4.195","article-title":"Oral cancer and precancerous lesions","volume":"52","author":"Neville BW","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neville BW, Day TA. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002, 52:195-215. 10.3322\/canjclin.52.4.195","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2016.17.3.1251","article-title":"Clinicopathological correlation study of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a local Indian population","volume":"17","author":"Rai HC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rai HC, Ahmed J. Clinicopathological correlation study of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a local Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016, 17:1251-4. 10.7314\/apjcp.2016.17.3.1251","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00117475","article-title":"Dentition, oral hygiene, and risk of oral cancer: a case-control study in Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"1","author":"Zheng TZ","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zheng TZ, Boyle P, Hu HF, et al.. Dentition, oral hygiene, and risk of oral cancer: a case-control study in Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China. Cancer Causes Control. 1990, 1:235-41. 10.1007\/BF00117475","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6784526","article-title":"Characterization of chronic mechanical irritation in oral cancer","volume":"2017","author":"Lazos JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lazos JP, Piemonte ED, Lanfranchi HE, Brunotto MN. Characterization of chronic mechanical irritation in oral cancer. Int J Dent. 2017, 2017:6784526. 10.1155\/2017\/6784526","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-1955(92)90005-l","article-title":"Smoking, alcohol, dentition and diet in the epidemiology of oral cancer","volume":"28","author":"Marshall JR","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marshall JR, Graham S, Haughey BP, et al.. Smoking, alcohol, dentition and diet in the epidemiology of oral cancer. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1992, 28:9-15. 10.1016\/0964-1955(92)90005-l","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2021.5577","article-title":"Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Gupta AA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta AA, Kheur S, Varadarajan S, et al.. Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2021, 21:647-58. 10.17305\/bjbms.2021.5577","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.203510","article-title":"The role of chronic mucosal trauma in oral cancer: a review of literature","volume":"38","author":"Singhvi HR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singhvi HR, Malik A, Chaturvedi P. The role of chronic mucosal trauma in oral cancer: a review of literature. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2017, 38:44-50. 10.4103\/0971-5851.203510","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37506\/ijfmt.v14i4.12511","article-title":"Analysis of prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients with history of chronic irritation of oral tissues - a retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Suvarna K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suvarna K, Abilasha R, Gheena S, Ramani P. Analysis of prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients with history of chronic irritation of oral tissues - a retrospective study. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2020, 14:5760-68. 10.37506\/ijfmt.v14i4.12511","journal-title":"Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2004.00249.x","article-title":"An experimental model to demonstrate the carcinogenic action of oral chronic traumatic ulcer","volume":"34","author":"P\u00e9rez MA","year":"2005","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez MA, Raimondi AR, Itoiz ME. An experimental model to demonstrate the carcinogenic action of oral chronic traumatic ulcer. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005, 34:17-22. 10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2004.00249.x","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0026","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: head and neck cancers, version 1.2018","volume":"16","author":"Colevas AD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colevas AD, Yom SS, Pfister DG, et al.. NCCN guidelines insights: head and neck cancers, version 1.2018. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018, 16:479-90. 10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0026","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27490","article-title":"Does anatomic subsite influence oral cavity cancer mortality? A SEER database analysis","volume":"129","author":"Farhood Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farhood Z, Simpson M, Ward GM, Walker RJ, Osazuwa-Peters N. Does anatomic subsite influence oral cavity cancer mortality? A SEER database analysis. Laryngoscope. 2019, 129:1400-6. 10.1002\/lary.27490","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31782\/IJCRR.2020.122506","article-title":"Prevalence of non-habit-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma and its site predilection - a retrospective institution based study","volume":"12","author":"Umashankar K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Umashankar K, Gheena S, Hannah R, Ramani P, Abhilasha R. Prevalence of non-habit-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma and its site predilection - a retrospective institution based study. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2020, 12:36-41. 10.31782\/IJCRR.2020.122506","journal-title":"Int J Cur Res Rev"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.2620","article-title":"Sites of origin of oral cavity cancer in nonsmokers vs smokers: possible evidence of dental trauma carcinogenesis and its importance compared with human papillomavirus","volume":"141","author":"Perry BJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perry BJ, Zammit AP, Lewandowski AW, et al.. Sites of origin of oral cavity cancer in nonsmokers vs smokers: possible evidence of dental trauma carcinogenesis and its importance compared with human papillomavirus. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015, 141:5-11. 10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.2620","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242042-a-retrospective-analysis-of-the-clinicopathological-profile-of-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-tobacco-and-non-tobacco-users-highlighting-the-significance-of-chronic-mechanical-irritation","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T09:37:56Z","timestamp":1715247476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/242042-a-retrospective-analysis-of-the-clinicopathological-profile-of-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-tobacco-and-non-tobacco-users-highlighting-the-significance-of-chronic-mechanical-irritation"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.59953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]}}}