{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:08:54Z","timestamp":1787065734627,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T21:40:22Z","timestamp":1715377222000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sex Differences in Appendicitis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Theofanis F","family":"Kollias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor P","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulahad","family":"Albaashiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata Sathya","family":"Burle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Slouha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.8562","article-title":"Acute appendicitis review: background, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Krzyzak M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krzyzak M, Mulrooney SM. Acute appendicitis review: background, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Cureus. 2020, 12:8562. 10.7759\/cureus.8562","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37024","article-title":"Typical and atypical presentations of appendicitis and their implications for diagnosis and treatment: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Echevarria S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Echevarria S, Rauf F, Hussain N, et al.. Typical and atypical presentations of appendicitis and their implications for diagnosis and treatment: a literature review. Cureus. 2023, 15:37024. 10.7759\/cureus.37024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20502","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a review","volume":"326","author":"Moris D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moris D, Paulson EK, Pappas TN. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a review. JAMA. 2021, 326:2299-311. 10.1001\/jama.2021.20502","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2000.7323","article-title":"Comparison of men and women presenting to an ED with acute appendicitis","volume":"18","author":"Guss DA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guss DA, Richards C. Comparison of men and women presenting to an ED with acute appendicitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2000, 18:372-5. 10.1053\/ajem.2000.7323","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al.. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009, 6:1000100. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.03.004","article-title":"Augmenting the decision making process in acute appendicitis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Abdelhalim MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdelhalim MA, Stuart JD, Nicholson GA. Augmenting the decision making process in acute appendicitis: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg. 2015, 17:5-9. 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.03.004","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2020.60344","article-title":"An investigation into the factors predicting acute appendicitis and perforated appendicitis","volume":"27","author":"Akbulut S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akbulut S, Ko\u00e7 C, \u015eahin TT, et al.. An investigation into the factors predicting acute appendicitis and perforated appendicitis. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2021, 27:434-42. 10.14744\/tjtes.2020.60344","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1486-x","article-title":"Characteristics of perforated appendicitis: effect of delay is confounded by age and gender","volume":"15","author":"Augustin T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Augustin T, Cagir B, Vandermeer TJ. Characteristics of perforated appendicitis: effect of delay is confounded by age and gender. J Gastrointest Surg. 2011, 15:1223-31. 10.1007\/s11605-011-1486-x","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2019.82956","article-title":"Why is the rate of perforated appendicitis higher in girls in eastern Turkey, unlike the literature?","volume":"54","author":"Avci V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Avci V, Ayengin K. Why is the rate of perforated appendicitis higher in girls in eastern Turkey, unlike the literature?. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019, 54:40-3. 10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2019.82956","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri Ars"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3375","article-title":"Diagnostic imaging and negative appendectomy rates in children: effects of age and gender","volume":"129","author":"Bachur RG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bachur RG, Hennelly K, Callahan MJ, Chen C, Monuteaux MC. Diagnostic imaging and negative appendectomy rates in children: effects of age and gender. Pediatrics. 2012, 129:877-84. 10.1542\/peds.2011-3375","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_140_20","article-title":"Predictors risk factors for acute complex appendicitis pain in patients: are there gender differences?","volume":"9","author":"Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k CC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k CC, Bener A. Predictors risk factors for acute complex appendicitis pain in patients: are there gender differences?. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020, 9:2688-92. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_140_20","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.07.049","article-title":"Inequities in the diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis in tertiary children\u2019s hospitals and the consequences of delayed diagnosis","volume":"292","author":"Gil LA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gil LA, Asti L, Beyene TJ, Cooper JN, Minneci PC, Besner GE. Inequities in the diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis in tertiary children\u2019s hospitals and the consequences of delayed diagnosis. J Surg Res. 2023, 292:158-66. 10.1016\/j.jss.2023.07.049","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20220777","article-title":"Evaluation of the Rho-kinase gene expression and polymorphisms in adult patients with acute appendicitis: a differential impact of gender","volume":"68","author":"G\u00fcnay NE","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00fcnay NE, B\u00fclb\u00fcl E, \u015eener EF, Tahtasakal R, Demiry\u00fcrek S, G\u00fcnay N, Demiry\u00fcrek AT. Evaluation of the Rho-kinase gene expression and polymorphisms in adult patients with acute appendicitis: a differential impact of gender. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022, 68:1464-9. 10.1590\/1806-9282.20220777","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.61.e39355","article-title":"What are the risk factors responsible for the delay in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children? Eleven-year research from a single institution","volume":"61","author":"Kambouri K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kambouri K, Aggelidou M, Deftereos S, Tsalkidis A, Vaos G, Pitiakoudis M. What are the risk factors responsible for the delay in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children? Eleven-year research from a single institution. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2019, 61:389-96. 10.3897\/folmed.61.e39355","journal-title":"Folia Med (Plovdiv)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-015-0036-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and socioeconomic features of appendicitis in Taiwan: a 12-year population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Lin KB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin KB, Lai KR, Yang NP, Chan CL, Liu YH, Pan RH, Huang CH. Epidemiology and socioeconomic features of appendicitis in Taiwan: a 12-year population-based study. World J Emerg Surg. 2015, 10:42. 10.1186\/s13017-015-0036-3","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-015-3729-5","article-title":"Appendicitis in children from a gender perspective","volume":"31","author":"Sal\u00f6 M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sal\u00f6 M, Ohlsson B, Arnbj\u00f6rnsson E, Stenstr\u00f6m P. Appendicitis in children from a gender perspective. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015, 31:845-53. 10.1007\/s00383-015-3729-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Predictors of clinical outcomes in acute appendicitis: a retrospective study","volume":"77","author":"Seow C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seow C, Chan D, Bohari A, Guo J, Sy L. Predictors of clinical outcomes in acute appendicitis: a retrospective study. Med J Malaysia. 2022, 77:331-7.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.05.038","article-title":"Factors that affect pain management in adults diagnosed with acute appendicitis in the emergency department: a retrospective study","volume":"71","author":"Weiss BZ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weiss BZ, Gordon ES, Zalut T, Alpert EA. Factors that affect pain management in adults diagnosed with acute appendicitis in the emergency department: a retrospective study. Am J Emerg Med. 2023, 71:31-6. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.05.038","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.028","article-title":"The predictors of perforated appendicitis in the pediatric emergency department: a retrospective observational cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Zvizdic Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zvizdic Z, Golos AD, Milisic E, et al.. The predictors of perforated appendicitis in the pediatric emergency department: a retrospective observational cohort study. Am J Emerg Med. 2021, 49:249-52. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.028","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58847-1","article-title":"A five-year longitudinal observational study in morbidity and mortality of negative appendectomy in Sulaimani teaching Hospital\/Kurdistan Region\/Iraq","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed HO","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed HO, Muhedin R, Boujan A, et al.. A five-year longitudinal observational study in morbidity and mortality of negative appendectomy in Sulaimani teaching Hospital\/Kurdistan Region\/Iraq. Sci Rep. 2020, 10:2028. 10.1038\/s41598-020-58847-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2019.86717","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and scoring systems: the effects on the negative appendectomy rate and gender","volume":"26","author":"\u015eenocak R","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u015eenocak R, Kaymak \u015e. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and scoring systems: the effects on the negative appendectomy rate and gender. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2020, 26:306-13. 10.14744\/tjtes.2019.86717","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.77","article-title":"Time to appendectomy and risk of perforation in acute appendicitis","volume":"149","author":"Drake FT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Drake FT, Mottey NE, Farrokhi ET, et al.. Time to appendectomy and risk of perforation in acute appendicitis. JAMA Surg. 2014, 149:837-44. 10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.77","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.06.004","article-title":"Is female sex associated with ED delays to diagnosis of appendicitis in the computed tomography era?","volume":"27","author":"McGann Donlan S","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGann Donlan S, Mycyk MB. Is female sex associated with ED delays to diagnosis of appendicitis in the computed tomography era?. Am J Emerg Med. 2009, 27:856-8. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.06.004","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-012-0958-0","article-title":"Sex differences in the epidemiology, seasonal variation, and trends in the management of patients with acute appendicitis","volume":"397","author":"Stein GY","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stein GY, Rath-Wolfson L, Zeidman A, et al.. Sex differences in the epidemiology, seasonal variation, and trends in the management of patients with acute appendicitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012, 397:1087-92. 10.1007\/s00423-012-0958-0","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2023.02.006","article-title":"Neurogenic appendicopathy: a rare differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis","volume":"161","author":"Dohner E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dohner E, Kierdorf F, Moreno P, Langer R, Zuber M, Fahrner R. Neurogenic appendicopathy: a rare differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Visc Surg. 2023, 161:15-20. 10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2023.02.006","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1132-5","article-title":"Male gender is a risk factor for recurrent appendicitis following nonoperative treatment","volume":"35","author":"Lien WC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lien WC, Lee WC, Wang HP, Chen YC, Liu KL, Chen CJ. Male gender is a risk factor for recurrent appendicitis following nonoperative treatment. World J Surg. 2011, 35:1636-42. 10.1007\/s00268-011-1132-5","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.70956","article-title":"Appendicitis: Trends in incidence, age, sex, and seasonal variations in South-Western Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Oguntola AS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oguntola AS, Adeoti ML, Oyemolade TA. Appendicitis: Trends in incidence, age, sex, and seasonal variations in South-Western Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2010, 9:213-17. 10.4103\/1596-3519.70956","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Epidemiological and demographic features of appendicitis and influences of several environmental factors","volume":"16","author":"Sulu B","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sulu B, G\u00fcnerhan Y, Palanci Y, I\u015fler B, Ca\u011flayan K. Epidemiological and demographic features of appendicitis and influences of several environmental factors. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2010, 16:38-42.","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000256391.05233.aa","article-title":"Disconnect between incidence of nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: implications for pathophysiology and management","volume":"245","author":"Livingston EH","year":"2007","unstructured":"Livingston EH, Woodward WA, Sarosi GA, Haley RW. Disconnect between incidence of nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: implications for pathophysiology and management. Ann Surg. 2007, 245:886-92. 10.1097\/01.sla.0000256391.05233.aa","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15131","article-title":"An observational study on lifestyle and environmental risk factors in patients with acute appendicitis","volume":"9","author":"Peeters T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peeters T, Houben B, Cools P, et al.. An observational study on lifestyle and environmental risk factors in patients with acute appendicitis. Heliyon. 2023, 9:e15131. 10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15131","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200307000-00024","article-title":"Patient gender-related performance of nonfocused helical computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis","volume":"27","author":"Raman SS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Raman SS, Kadell BM, Vodopich DJ, Sayer J, Cryer H, Lu DS. Patient gender-related performance of nonfocused helical computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003, 27:583-9. 10.1097\/00004728-200307000-00024","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-69912011000200007","article-title":"Indices of diagnostic abdominal ultrasonography in acute appendicitis: influence of gender and physical constitution, time evolution of the disease and experience of radiologist","volume":"38","author":"Peixoto Rde O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peixoto Rde O, Nunes TA, Gomes CA. Indices of diagnostic abdominal ultrasonography in acute appendicitis: influence of gender and physical constitution, time evolution of the disease and experience of radiologist. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2011, 38:105-11. 10.1590\/s0100-69912011000200007","journal-title":"Rev Col Bras Cir"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v11.i1.19","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and histopathological features of patients who underwent incidental or emergency appendectomy","volume":"11","author":"Akbulut S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akbulut S, Koc C, Kocaaslan H, Gonultas F, Samdanci E, Yologlu S, Yilmaz S. Comparison of clinical and histopathological features of patients who underwent incidental or emergency appendectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2019, 11:19-26. 10.4240\/wjgs.v11.i1.19","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/249823-sex-differences-in-appendicitis-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T21:40:27Z","timestamp":1715377227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/249823-sex-differences-in-appendicitis-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.60055","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]}}}