{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:14:14Z","timestamp":1785158054576,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]],"date-time":"2024-05-19T08:25:25Z","timestamp":1716107125000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comprehensive Evaluation of Titanium, Zirconia, and Ceramic Dental Implant Materials: A Comparative Analysis of Mechanical and Esthetic Properties"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Peter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krupali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovebin","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyama","family":"PM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwathi","family":"N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahiem Mohammad","family":"El-Shamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0985-0","article-title":"Effect of core materials for core fabrication for dental implants on in-vitro cytocompatibility of MC3T3-E1 cells","volume":"19","author":"Park JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park JH, Lee H, Kang SY, Kim J, Kim JH. Effect of core materials for core fabrication for dental implants on in-vitro cytocompatibility of MC3T3-E1 cells. BMC Oral Health. 2019, 19:284. 10.1186\/s12903-019-0985-0","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6dt03484e","article-title":"Zirconia based dental ceramics: structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications","volume":"45","author":"Gautam C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gautam C, Joyner J, Gautam A, Rao J, Vajtai R. Zirconia based dental ceramics: structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications. Dalton Trans. 2016, 45:19194-215. 10.1039\/c6dt03484e","journal-title":"Dalton Trans"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-4-29","article-title":"Behavior of osteoblastic cells cultured on titanium and structured zirconia surfaces","volume":"4","author":"Depprich R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Depprich R, Ommerborn M, Zipprich H, et al.. Behavior of osteoblastic cells cultured on titanium and structured zirconia surfaces. Head Face Med. 2008, 4:29. 10.1186\/1746-160X-4-29","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12384","article-title":"Clinical performance of one-piece zirconia dental implants: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"ArRejaie AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"ArRejaie AS, Al-Hamdan RS, Basunbul GI, Abduljabbar T, Al-Aali KA, Labban N. Clinical performance of one-piece zirconia dental implants: a systematic review. J Investig Clin Dent. 2019, 10:e12384. 10.1111\/jicd.12384","journal-title":"J Investig Clin Dent"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13112","article-title":"Bone response to functionally loaded, two-piece zirconia implants: a preclinical histometric study","volume":"29","author":"Janner SF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Janner SF, Gahlert M, Bosshardt DD, et al.. Bone response to functionally loaded, two-piece zirconia implants: a preclinical histometric study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018, 29:277-89. 10.1111\/clr.13112","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in biomedical applications of zirconia","volume":"2","author":"Luo F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo F, Hong G, Wan Q. Artificial intelligence in biomedical applications of zirconia. Front Dent Med. 2021, 2:689288.","journal-title":"Front Dent Med"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Ceramic materials as an alternative to titanium for dental implant fabrication","author":"Mobilio N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mobilio N, Mollica F, Catapano S. Ceramic materials as an alternative to titanium for dental implant fabrication. Dental implantology and biomaterial. IntechOpen Limited, London, UK; 2016."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14044","article-title":"Immediate placement of one-piece zirconia implants with or without xenograft into the buccal gap. Soft tissues as secondary outcomes of an experimental in vivo study","volume":"34","author":"Alves D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alves D, Faria-Almeida R, Azevedo A, Li\u00f1ares A, Mu\u00f1oz F, Blanco-Carrion J. Immediate placement of one-piece zirconia implants with or without xenograft into the buccal gap. Soft tissues as secondary outcomes of an experimental in vivo study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2023, 34:342-50. 10.1111\/clr.14044","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-77572003000300002","article-title":"Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials: relative contribution of laboratory tests","volume":"11","author":"Wang L","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang L, D'Alpino PH, Lopes LG, Pereira JC. Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials: relative contribution of laboratory tests. J Appl Oral Sci. 2003, 11:162-7. 10.1590\/s1678-77572003000300002","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15103497","article-title":"Strength tests of alloys for fixed structures in dental prosthetics","volume":"15","author":"Bojko \u0141","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bojko \u0141, Ryniewicz AM, Ryniewicz W. Strength tests of alloys for fixed structures in dental prosthetics. Materials (Basel). 2022, 15:3497. 10.3390\/ma15103497","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12939","article-title":"Investigating the effect of different surface treatments on Vickers hardness and flexural strength of zirconium and lithium disilicate ceramics","volume":"29","author":"Ozdogan A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozdogan A, Yesil Duymus Z. Investigating the effect of different surface treatments on Vickers hardness and flexural strength of zirconium and lithium disilicate ceramics. J Prosthodont. 2020, 29:129-35. 10.1111\/jopr.12939","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12453","article-title":"Histological analysis of loaded zirconia and titanium dental implants: an experimental study in the dog mandible","volume":"42","author":"Thoma DS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thoma DS, Benic GI, Mu\u00f1oz F, et al.. Histological analysis of loaded zirconia and titanium dental implants: an experimental study in the dog mandible. J Clin Periodontol. 2015, 42:967-75. 10.1111\/jcpe.12453","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14123212","article-title":"Chemical characterisation of silanised zirconia nanoparticles and their effects on the properties of PMMA-zirconia nanocomposites","volume":"14","author":"Zidan S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zidan S, Silikas N, Al-Nasrawi S, Haider J, Alshabib A, Alshame A, Yates J. Chemical characterisation of silanised zirconia nanoparticles and their effects on the properties of PMMA-zirconia nanocomposites. Materials (Basel). 2021, 14:3212. 10.3390\/ma14123212","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12081344","article-title":"Investigating the mechanical properties of ZrO2-impregnated PMMA nanocomposite for denture-based applications","volume":"12","author":"Zidan S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zidan S, Silikas N, Alhotan A, Haider J, Yates J. Investigating the mechanical properties of ZrO2-impregnated PMMA nanocomposite for denture-based applications. Materials (Basel). 2019, 12:1344. 10.3390\/ma12081344","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2018.02.022","article-title":"The influence of shot peening on the fatigue response of Ti-6Al-4V surfaces subject to different machining processes","volume":"111","author":"Xu Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu Z, Dunleavey J, Antar M, et al.. The influence of shot peening on the fatigue response of Ti-6Al-4V surfaces subject to different machining processes. Int J Fatigue. 2018, 111:196-207. 10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2018.02.022","journal-title":"Int J Fatigue"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700020943481","article-title":"The experimental study of tissue integration into porous titanium implants","volume":"32","author":"Tikhilov R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tikhilov R, Shubnyakov I, Denisov A, et al.. The experimental study of tissue integration into porous titanium implants. Hip Int. 2022, 32:386-90. 10.1177\/1120700020943481","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052838","article-title":"Zirconia crowns for primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"19","author":"Alzanbaqi SD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alzanbaqi SD, Alogaiel RM, Alasmari MA, et al.. Zirconia crowns for primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022, 19:2838. 10.3390\/ijerph19052838","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12906","article-title":"Color aspect of monolithic zirconia restorations: a review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Tabatabaian F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tabatabaian F. Color aspect of monolithic zirconia restorations: a review of the literature. J Prosthodont. 2019, 28:276-87. 10.1111\/jopr.12906","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12050732","article-title":"Osteoclastogenesis behavior of zirconia for dental implant","volume":"12","author":"Ganbold B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ganbold B, Kim SK, Heo SJ, Koak JY, Lee ZH, Cho J. Osteoclastogenesis behavior of zirconia for dental implant. Materials (Basel). 2019, 12:732. 10.3390\/ma12050732","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11156925","article-title":"Changes in crystal phase, morphology, and flexural strength of as-sintered translucent monolithic zirconia ceramic modified by femtosecond laser","volume":"11","author":"Liang S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang S, Ye H, Yuan F. Changes in crystal phase, morphology, and flexural strength of as-sintered translucent monolithic zirconia ceramic modified by femtosecond laser. Appl Sci. 2021, 11:6925. 10.3390\/app11156925","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518771287","article-title":"Graded ultra-translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ) for strength and functionalities","volume":"97","author":"Mao L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mao L, Kaizer MR, Zhao M, Guo B, Song YF, Zhang Y. Graded ultra-translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ) for strength and functionalities. J Dent Res. 2018, 97:1222-8. 10.1177\/0022034518771287","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2022.161015.2244","article-title":"Color stability of three esthetic monolithic block materials after immersion in commonly consumed beverages","volume":"68","author":"Abouraya N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abouraya N, Sabry H. Color stability of three esthetic monolithic block materials after immersion in commonly consumed beverages. Egyptian Dent J. 2022, 68:3761-70.","journal-title":"Egyptian Dent J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2021.54327.1415","article-title":"The color change of indirect zirconia containing restorative materials - a comparative in vitro study","volume":"67","author":"Abdelrahman D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelrahman D, Kamel M, Morsy A. The color change of indirect zirconia containing restorative materials - a comparative in vitro study. Egyptian Dent J. 2021, 67:1701-09.","journal-title":"Egyptian Dent J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2019.038","article-title":"Effect of sintering parameters on the mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia","volume":"13","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk C","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk C, Can G. Effect of sintering parameters on the mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019, 13:247-52.","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Effect of accelerated aging on the translucency of monolithic zirconia at minimal thickness","volume":"23","author":"Alameldin AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alameldin AM, Shokry T, El-kouadi AM\r\n. Effect of accelerated aging on the translucency of monolithic zirconia at minimal thickness. Al-Azhar J Dent Sci. 2020, 23:7-14.","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123116","article-title":"Translucent zirconia in fixed prosthodontics-an integrative overview","volume":"11","author":"Kui A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kui A, Manziuc M, Petru\u021biu A, Buduru S, Labune\u021b A, Negucioiu M, Chisnoiu A. Translucent zirconia in fixed prosthodontics-an integrative overview. Biomedicines. 2023, 11:3116. 10.3390\/biomedicines11123116","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/255800-comprehensive-evaluation-of-titanium-zirconia-and-ceramic-dental-implant-materials-a-comparative-analysis-of-mechanical-and-esthetic-properties","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]],"date-time":"2024-05-19T08:25:31Z","timestamp":1716107131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/255800-comprehensive-evaluation-of-titanium-zirconia-and-ceramic-dental-implant-materials-a-comparative-analysis-of-mechanical-and-esthetic-properties"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.60582","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]]}}}