{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:46:08Z","timestamp":1785775568889,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T16:45:53Z","timestamp":1716309953000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Contemporary Insights Into HIV Esophagitis: Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Strategies, and Prognostic Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Dhruvikumari D","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Girgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruv","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sparshitha","family":"Adapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FNU","family":"Karishma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurvir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gohul P","family":"Balasingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Mohamed","family":"Ismail Elnimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119599692.ch43","article-title":"Esophagitis in the immunocompromised host","author":"Callaway JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Callaway JP, Wilcox CM. Esophagitis in the immunocompromised host. The Esophagus. Richter JE, Castell DO, Katzka DA, Katz PO, Smout A, Spechler S, Vaezi MF (ed): John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd, New York, NY; 2021. 736-56. 10.1002\/9781119599692.ch43"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010610","article-title":"Epidemiology of yellow fever virus in humans, arthropods, and non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Oyono MG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oyono MG, Kenmoe S, Abanda NN, et al.. Epidemiology of yellow fever virus in humans, arthropods, and non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022, 16:e0010610. 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010610","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.99917","article-title":"Infectious esophagitis","author":"Kingsley-Godwin D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kingsley-Godwin D, Kingsley-Godwin MJ, Godwin J. Infectious esophagitis. Esophagitis and Gastritis: Recent Updates. Neri V, Ahmed M (ed): IntechOpen Limited, London; 2021. 13-30. 10.5772\/intechopen.99917"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14920","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: a review","volume":"326","author":"Muir A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muir A, Falk GW. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a review. JAMA. 2021, 326:1310-8. 10.1001\/jama.2021.14920","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46641","article-title":"Severe esophageal stricture caused by esophageal candidiasis in a non-HIV patient","volume":"15","author":"Abdelfattah AH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdelfattah AH, Mahgoub AM. Severe esophageal stricture caused by esophageal candidiasis in a non-HIV patient. Cureus. 2023, 15:e46641. 10.7759\/cureus.46641","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2021.100106","article-title":"Pathways linking climate change and HIV\/AIDS: an updated conceptual framework and implications for the Philippines","volume":"6","author":"Guinto RR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guinto RR, Cahatol JJ, Lazaro KY, Salazar AF. Pathways linking climate change and HIV\/AIDS: an updated conceptual framework and implications for the Philippines. J Clim Chang Health. 2022, 6:100106. 10.1016\/j.joclim.2021.100106","journal-title":"J Clim Chang Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04897.x","article-title":"Dyspepsia in HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"22","author":"Werneck-Silva AL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werneck-Silva AL, Prado IB. Dyspepsia in HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007, 22:1712-6. 10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04897.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21767\/2472-1093.100032","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and factors affecting among people living with HIV\/AIDS and taking antiretroviral therapy, Dire Dawa Town, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Negesa L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Negesa L, Demeke E, Mekonnin W. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and factors affecting among people living with HIV\/AIDS and taking antiretroviral therapy, Dire Dawa Town, Eastern Ethiopia. J Inf Dis Treatment. 2017, 3:1-6. 10.21767\/2472-1093.100032","journal-title":"J Inf Dis Treatment"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2027852","article-title":"Fabry disease - a multisystemic disease with gastrointestinal manifestations","volume":"14","author":"Lenders M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lenders M, Brand E. Fabry disease - a multisystemic disease with gastrointestinal manifestations. Gut Microbes. 2022, 14:2027852. 10.1080\/19490976.2022.2027852","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00831","article-title":"Improving the adherence to antiretroviral therapy, a difficult but essential task for a successful HIV treatment\u2014clinical points of view and practical considerations","volume":"8","author":"Iacob SA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iacob SA, Iacob DG, Jugulete G. Improving the adherence to antiretroviral therapy, a difficult but essential task for a successful HIV treatment\u2014clinical points of view and practical considerations. Front Pharmacol. 2017, 8:831. 10.3389\/fphar.2017.00831","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06566-y","article-title":"Association of eosinophilic esophagitis and human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"66","author":"Asfari MM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asfari MM, Kendrick K, Sarmini MT, Uy P, Vega KJ. Association of eosinophilic esophagitis and human immunodeficiency virus. Dig Dis Sci. 2021, 66:2669-73. 10.1007\/s10620-020-06566-y","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh-23-44","article-title":"Viral esophagitis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients: a case-control study","volume":"9","author":"Al-Dwairy A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Dwairy A, Azar L, Bakain T, et al.. Viral esophagitis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients: a case-control study. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024, 9:19.","journal-title":"Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9544-8_36-1","article-title":"Human herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2","author":"Casto AM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Casto AM, Johnston C, Stanberry LR. Human herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Viral Infections of Humans. Kaslow RA, Stanberry LR, Powers AM (ed): Springer, New York, NY; 2023. 1-48. 10.1007\/978-1-4939-9544-8_36-1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003320302","article-title":"Morphodynamic Imaging in Achalasia","author":"Fontanella G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fontanella G. Morphodynamic Imaging in Achalasia. CRC Press, Boca Raton; 2023. 10.1201\/9781003320302"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2024.02.003","article-title":"Bacteremia due to Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia during chemotherapy: a case report, and a review of the literature [PREPRINT]","author":"Bodin J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bodin J, Gallego-Hernanz MP, Plouzeau Jayle C, et al.. Bacteremia due to Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia during chemotherapy: a case report, and a review of the literature [PREPRINT]. J Infect Chemother. 2024, 10.1016\/j.jiac.2024.02.003","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30196-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017","volume":"6","author":"Alvis-Guzm\u00e1n N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alvis-Guzm\u00e1n N, Frank TD, Carter A, et al.. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. Lancet HIV. 2019, 6:e831-59. 10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30196-1","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00152-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019","volume":"8","author":"Jahagirdar D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahagirdar D, Walters MK, Novotney A, et al.. Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. Lancet HIV. 2021, 8:e633-51. 10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00152-1","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.210621.001","article-title":"Global epidemiology of HIV\/AIDS: a resurgence in North America and Europe","volume":"11","author":"Govender RD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Govender RD, Hashim MJ, Khan MA, Mustafa H, Khan G. Global epidemiology of HIV\/AIDS: a resurgence in North America and Europe. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021, 11:296-301. 10.2991\/jegh.k.210621.001","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3585136","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal candidiasis: current updates","volume":"2019","author":"Mohamed AA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohamed AA, Lu XL, Mounmin FA. Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal candidiasis: current updates. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 2019:3585136. 10.1155\/2019\/3585136","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-020-00268-x","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV-associated esophageal candidiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Olum R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olum R, Baluku JB, Okidi R, Andia-Biraro I, Bongomin F. Prevalence of HIV-associated esophageal candidiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Health. 2020, 48:82. 10.1186\/s41182-020-00268-x","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.4.1740999","article-title":"The \"foamy\" esophagus: a radiographic sign of Candida esophagitis","volume":"174","author":"Sam JW","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sam JW, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Laufer I. The \"foamy\" esophagus: a radiographic sign of Candida esophagitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000, 174:999-1002. 10.2214\/ajr.174.4.1740999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9749-1","article-title":"Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment","volume":"177","author":"Martins N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martins N, Ferreira IC, Barros L, Silva S, Henriques M. Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment. Mycopathologia. 2014, 177:223-40. 10.1007\/s11046-014-9749-1","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2020.1752181","article-title":"Duodenal inflammation: an emerging target for functional dyspepsia?","volume":"24","author":"Wauters L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wauters L, Burns G, Ceulemans M, Walker MM, Vanuytsel T, Keely S, Talley NJ. Duodenal inflammation: an emerging target for functional dyspepsia?. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2020, 24:511-23. 10.1080\/14728222.2020.1752181","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603295","article-title":"Eosinophils in eosinophilic esophagitis: the road to fibrostenosis is paved with good intentions","volume":"11","author":"Doyle AD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doyle AD, Masuda MY, Kita H, Wright BL. Eosinophils in eosinophilic esophagitis: the road to fibrostenosis is paved with good intentions. Front Immunol. 2020, 11:603295. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603295","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Chronic laryngitis","author":"Mackenzie K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mackenzie K. Chronic laryngitis. Scott-brown's otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Watkinson J, Clarke R  (ed): CRC Press, Boca Raton; 2018. 1011-21."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020406","article-title":"Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV infection: analysis of impaired mucosal immune response to candida albicans in mice expressing the HIV-1 transgene","volume":"4","author":"de Repentigny L","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Repentigny L, Goupil M, Jolicoeur P. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV infection: analysis of impaired mucosal immune response to candida albicans in mice expressing the HIV-1 transgene. Pathogens. 2015, 4:406-21. 10.3390\/pathogens4020406","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3723-8","article-title":"Esophageal food impaction and eosinophilic esophagitis: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Hiremath GS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hiremath GS, Hameed F, Pacheco A, Olive A, Davis CM, Shulman RJ. Esophageal food impaction and eosinophilic esophagitis: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2015, 60:3181-93. 10.1007\/s10620-015-3723-8","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.1946","article-title":"Immunologic characterization of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease","volume":"7","author":"Khalsa KK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khalsa KK, Yang Q, Shen X, Pasha MA, Celestin J. Immunologic characterization of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease. Clin Case Rep. 2019, 7:180-5. 10.1002\/ccr3.1946","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.21019","article-title":"A rare cause of esophageal dysphagia-secondary esophageal tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Baleguli V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baleguli V, Rizvi S, Varghese M, Ilyas J. A rare cause of esophageal dysphagia-secondary esophageal tuberculosis. Cureus. 2022, 14:e21019. 10.7759\/cureus.21019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2021.04.007","article-title":"Oesophageal obstruction in a donkey due to mediastinal lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex","volume":"185","author":"Paraschou G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paraschou G, Buil J, Timofte D, Priestnall SL. Oesophageal obstruction in a donkey due to mediastinal lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. J Comp Pathol. 2021, 185:66-71. 10.1016\/j.jcpa.2021.04.007","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6395-6_7","article-title":"Nonneoplastic pathologies of the esophagus","author":"Paulose R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paulose R, Viswanath N, Gopalakrishna R. Nonneoplastic pathologies of the esophagus. Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal System. Das P, Majumdar K, Gupta SD (ed): Springer, Singapore; 2022.  153-220. 10.1007\/978-981-16-6395-6_7"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020079","article-title":"Candida albicans\u2014the virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection","volume":"7","author":"Talapko J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talapko J, Juzba\u0161i\u0107 M, Matijevi\u0107 T, Pustijanac E, Beki\u0107 S, Kotris I, \u0160krlec I. Candida albicans\u2014the virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection. J Fungi (Basel). 2021, 7:79. 10.3390\/jof7020079","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ijep.2018.23","article-title":"A review of esophagitis due to Candida species in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients","volume":"6","author":"Vaezi A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaezi A, Badali H, Fakhim H, Nasri E, Hedayat Yaghoobi M. A review of esophagitis due to Candida species in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Int J Enteric Pathog. 2018, 6:84-8. 10.15171\/ijep.2018.23","journal-title":"Int J Enteric Pathog"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-2381","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019, mucormycosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient: a rare case report and review of literature","volume":"15","author":"Kulkarni D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kulkarni D, Garde D, Sarode S, Khan A, Garde J, Naik A. Coronavirus disease 2019, mucormycosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient: a rare case report and review of literature. World J Dent. 2024, 15:175. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-2381","journal-title":"World J Dent"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1004148","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis due to candida albicans and its treatment","author":"Acosta JAH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Acosta JAH, Le\u00f3n MFC, Jarrin NdCQ, et al.. Invasive candidiasis due to candida albicans and its treatment. Candida albicans - Epidemiology and Treatment. Behzadi P (ed): IntechOpen Limited, London; 2024. 10.5772\/intechopen.1004148"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-023-00435-z","article-title":"Infective esophagitis: a review of esophageal diseases in HIV","volume":"22","author":"Ali AA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali AA, Sanders K, McCarthy AM, et al.. Infective esophagitis: a review of esophageal diseases in HIV. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2023, 22:1-14. 10.1007\/s11938-023-00435-z","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00617-5","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions","volume":"20","author":"McBride AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"McBride AA. Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022, 20:95-108. 10.1038\/s41579-021-00617-5","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814457-2.00010-6","article-title":"Low-risk human papillomavirus: genital warts, cancer and respiratory papillomatosis","author":"Lacey CJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lacey CJ, Guimera N, Garland SM. Low-risk human papillomavirus: genital warts, cancer and respiratory papillomatosis. Human Papillomavirus. 2020, 165-178. 10.1016\/B978-0-12-814457-2.00010-6","journal-title":"Human Papillomavirus"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/amdhs.2020.3.9","article-title":"A review on role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in health\u2010related diseases","volume":"3","author":"Singh S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh S, Ahmad S, Srivastava AN, Misra JS. A review on role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in health\u2010related diseases. Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences. 2020, 3:34-40. 10.5530\/amdhs.2020.3.9","journal-title":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v49i1.20","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"49","author":"Egri N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Egri N, Esteve-Sol\u00e9 A, Dey\u00e0-Mart\u00ednez \u00c0, et al.. Primary immunodeficiency and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021, 49:118-27. 10.15586\/aei.v49i1.20","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.03.015","article-title":"A Clinical Severity Index for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Development, Consensus, and Future Directions","volume":"150","author":"Dellon ES","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dellon ES, Khoury P, Muir AB, et al.. A Clinical Severity Index for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Development, Consensus, and Future Directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022, 150:33-47. 10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.03.015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doy094","article-title":"Infections of the esophagus: an update on risk factors, diagnosis, and management","volume":"31","author":"Hoversten P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoversten P, Kamboj AK, Katzka DA. Infections of the esophagus: an update on risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Dis Esophagus. 2018, 31:10.1093\/dote\/doy094","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323401","article-title":"A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin for the treatment of candidal esophagitis","volume":"33","author":"Villanueva A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Villanueva A, Arathoon EG, Gotuzzo E, Berman RS, DiNubile MJ, Sable CA. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin for the treatment of candidal esophagitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 33:1529-35. 10.1086\/323401","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113446","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Clinical Approach to Cancer Patients with Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Checkpoint Inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Londo\u00f1o MC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Londo\u00f1o MC, Reig M. Multidisciplinary Clinical Approach to Cancer Patients with Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel). 2020, 12:10.3390\/cancers12113446","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3794-9_46","article-title":"Infectious esophagitis","author":"Namasivayam V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Namasivayam V, Murray JA. Infectious esophagitis. Principles of Deglutition. Shaker, R., Belafsky, P., Postma, G., Easterling, C.  (ed): Springer, New York, NY; 2013. 657-670. 10.1007\/978-1-4614-3794-9_46"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154510970200100204","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of infectious esophagitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"1","author":"Zaidi SA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zaidi SA, Cervia JS. Diagnosis and management of infectious esophagitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic). 2002, 1:53-62. 10.1177\/154510970200100204","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59556\/japi.71.0402","article-title":"Challenges in Diagnosis of Esophageal Tuberculosis","volume":"72","author":"Gandhi H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gandhi H, Chandnani S, Rathi P, Jain S, Malokar R, Chudasama J, Nawghare P. Challenges in Diagnosis of Esophageal Tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India. 2024, 72:104-5. 10.59556\/japi.71.0402","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"A rational approach to clinical infectious diseases: a manual for house officers and other non-infectious diseases clinicians","author":"Temesgen Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Temesgen Z, Baddour LM, Rizza S. A rational approach to clinical infectious diseases: a manual for house officers and other non-infectious diseases clinicians. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2020."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010077","article-title":"Valganciclovir-Ganciclovir Use and Systematic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. An Invitation to Antiviral Stewardship","volume":"10","author":"Galar A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galar A, Valerio M, Catal\u00e1n P, et al.. Valganciclovir-Ganciclovir Use and Systematic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. An Invitation to Antiviral Stewardship. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021, 10:10.3390\/antibiotics10010077","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001126","article-title":"Immune recovery in HIV-infected patients after Candida esophagitis is impaired despite long-term antiretroviral therapy","volume":"30","author":"Stuehler C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stuehler C, Bernardini C, Elzi L, et al.. Immune recovery in HIV-infected patients after Candida esophagitis is impaired despite long-term antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2016, 30:1923-33. 10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001126","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1922078","article-title":"Efficacy and acceptability of different anti-fungal interventions in oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis in HIV co-infected adults: a pilot network meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Zeng BS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng BS, Zeng BY, Hung CM, et al.. Efficacy and acceptability of different anti-fungal interventions in oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis in HIV co-infected adults: a pilot network meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2021, 19:1469-79. 10.1080\/14787210.2021.1922078","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41332-w","article-title":"Quality of life and severity of symptoms among patients with various degrees of reflux esophagitis: a prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Mari A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mari A, Na'amnih W, Ghantous L, Ahmad HS, Khoury T, Muhsen K. Quality of life and severity of symptoms among patients with various degrees of reflux esophagitis: a prospective study. Sci Rep. 2023, 13:13970. 10.1038\/s41598-023-41332-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.06.027","article-title":"Review of Early Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Among Patients With CKD","volume":"6","author":"Carr EJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carr EJ, Kronbichler A, Graham-Brown M, et al.. Review of Early Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Among Patients With CKD. Kidney Int Rep. 2021, 6:2292-304. 10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.06.027","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80068-0_8","article-title":"Infectious esophagitis","author":"Oliva S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliva S, Isoldi S, Cucchiara S. Infectious esophagitis. Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition . Guandalini, S., Dhawan, A (ed): Springer, Cham; 2021. 103-109. 10.1007\/978-3-030-80068-0_8"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003433","article-title":"Seroconversion and persistence of neutralizing antibody response after yellow fever vaccination in patients with perinatally acquired HIV infection","volume":"37","author":"Martin C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin C, Domingo C, Hainaut M, Delforge M, De Wit S, Dauby N. Seroconversion and persistence of neutralizing antibody response after yellow fever vaccination in patients with perinatally acquired HIV infection. AIDS. 2023, 37:341-6. 10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003433","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22246","article-title":"Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel","volume":"329","author":"Gandhi RT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gandhi RT, Bedimo R, Hoy JF, et al.. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel. JAMA. 2023, 329:63-84. 10.1001\/jama.2022.22246","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073431","article-title":"40 Years after the Registration of Acyclovir: Do We Need New Anti-Herpetic Drugs?","volume":"23","author":"Majewska A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Majewska A, Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B. 40 Years after the Registration of Acyclovir: Do We Need New Anti-Herpetic Drugs?. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:10.3390\/ijms23073431","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515413","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis in the Setting of Acute Use of Corticosteroids for COPD Exacerbation in an Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Woman","volume":"15","author":"Haider MB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haider MB, Basida B, Bapatla A, Ismail R, Hafeez W. Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis in the Setting of Acute Use of Corticosteroids for COPD Exacerbation in an Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Woman. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2021, 15:616-20. 10.1159\/000515413","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001286","article-title":"Esophageal Ulcer Due to Human Papillomavirus in an HIV-Infected Patient","volume":"48","author":"Hosoda T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hosoda T, Sugiura H. Esophageal Ulcer Due to Human Papillomavirus in an HIV-Infected Patient. Sex Transm Dis. 2021, 48:e32. 10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001286","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/251460-contemporary-insights-into-hiv-esophagitis-pathogenesis-therapeutic-strategies-and-prognostic-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T16:45:57Z","timestamp":1716309957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/251460-contemporary-insights-into-hiv-esophagitis-pathogenesis-therapeutic-strategies-and-prognostic-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.60788","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}}}