{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:31:36Z","timestamp":1789540296314,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T06:47:02Z","timestamp":1716792422000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Bioactive Compounds From Kurdistan Species Urtica dioica"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mary H","family":"Haido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alhan H","family":"Matti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherzad M","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems","author":"Shaw D","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaw D, Graeme L, Pierre D, Elizabeth W, Kelvin C. WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 2004."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2018.1.7","article-title":"Use of plant extracts in alternative medicine","volume":"21","author":"Ozaslan M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ozaslan M, Oguzkan SB. Use of plant extracts in alternative medicine. Pak J Biol Sci. 2018, 21:1-7. 10.3923\/pjbs.2018.1.7","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Chapter 1 - Sources of plant extracts","author":"Mir SA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mir SA, Shah MA, Manickavasagan A. Chapter 1 - Sources of plant extracts. Plant Extracts: Applications in the Food Industry. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 2022."},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Urtica dioica-derived phytochemicals for pharmacological and therapeutic applications","volume":"2022","author":"Taheri Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taheri Y, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, et al.. Urtica dioica-derived phytochemicals for pharmacological and therapeutic applications. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2022, 2022:","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2009.01575.x","article-title":"Biological flora of the British Isles: Urtica dioica L","volume":"97","author":"Taylor K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor K. Biological flora of the British Isles: Urtica dioica L. J Ecol. 2009, 97:1436-58. 10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2009.01575.x","journal-title":"J Ecol"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Preliminary research regarding Urtica urens L. and Urtica dioica L","volume":"63","author":"Nencu I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nencu I, Vlase L, Istudor V, Mircea T. Preliminary research regarding Urtica urens L. and Urtica dioica L. FARMACIA. 2015, 63:5.","journal-title":"FARMACIA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008","article-title":"Screening of pharmacological uses of Urtica dioica and others benefits","volume":"150","author":"Dhouibi R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhouibi R, Affes H, Ben Salem M, Hammami S, Sahnoun Z, Zeghal KM, Ksouda K. Screening of pharmacological uses of Urtica dioica and others benefits. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2020, 150:67-77. 10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L","volume":"8","author":"Joshi BC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi BC, Mukhija M, Kalia AN. Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. Int J Green Pharm. 2014, 8:","journal-title":"Int J Green Pharm"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Conventional extraction methods use in medicinal plants, their advantages and disadvantages","volume":"2","author":"Rasul MG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rasul MG. Conventional extraction methods use in medicinal plants, their advantages and disadvantages. Int J Basic Sci Appl Comput. 2018, 2:","journal-title":"Int J Basic Sci Appl Comput"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-0412.1000196","article-title":"A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation","volume":"4","author":"Azwanida NN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azwanida NN. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. OMICS International. 2015, 4:1-6. 10.4172\/2167-0412.1000196","journal-title":"OMICS International"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Lebanese Urtica dioica","volume":"1","author":"Bandar H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bandar H, Hijazi A, Rammal H, et al.. Techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Lebanese Urtica dioica. Am J Phytomed Clin Ther. 2013, 1:507-13.","journal-title":"Am J Phytomed Clin Ther"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12020309","article-title":"Wild stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves and roots chemical composition and phenols extraction","volume":"12","author":"Tarasevi\u010dien\u0117 \u017d","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tarasevi\u010dien\u0117 \u017d, Vitkauskait\u0117 M, Paulauskien\u0117 A, \u010cerniauskien\u0117 J. Wild stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves and roots chemical composition and phenols extraction. Plants. 2023, 12:309.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Effective method for extraction of larvicidal component from leaves of Azadirachta indica and Artemisia annua Linn","volume":"27","author":"Tonk S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tonk S, Bartarya R, Maharaj Kumari K, Bhatnagar VP, Srivastava SS. Effective method for extraction of larvicidal component from leaves of Azadirachta indica and Artemisia annua Linn. J Environ Biol. 2006, 27:103-5.","journal-title":"J Environ Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2016.1178774","article-title":"The effect of extraction techniques on yield, extraction kinetics, and antioxidant activity of aqueous-methanolic extracts from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves","volume":"11","author":"Stanojevi\u0107 LP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stanojevi\u0107 LP, Stankovi\u0107 MZ, Cvetkovi\u0107 DJ, et al.. The effect of extraction techniques on yield, extraction kinetics, and antioxidant activity of aqueous-methanolic extracts from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves. Separation Science and Technology. 2016, 11:1817-29. 10.1080\/01496395.2016.1178774","journal-title":"Separation Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-2701(02)00037-5","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction of tea polyphenols and tea caffeine from green tea leaves","volume":"42","author":"Pan X","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pan X, Niu G, Liu H. Microwave-assisted extraction of tea polyphenols and tea caffeine from green tea leaves. CEP:PI. 2003, 42:129-33. 10.1016\/S0255-2701(02)00037-5","journal-title":"CEP:PI"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2007.04.013","article-title":"Application of microwave-assisted extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds","volume":"4","author":"Proestos C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Proestos C, Komaitis M. Application of microwave-assisted extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2008, 4:652-9. 10.1016\/j.lwt.2007.04.013","journal-title":"LWT - Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.12.047","article-title":"The effect of different extraction techniques on the composition and antioxidant activity of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) leaf and fruit extracts","volume":"54","author":"Karabegovi\u0107 IT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karabegovi\u0107 IT, Stoji\u010devi\u0107 SS, Veli\u010dkovi\u0107 DT, Todorovi\u0107 ZB, Nikoli\u0107 NC, Lazi\u0107 ML. The effect of different extraction techniques on the composition and antioxidant activity of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) leaf and fruit extracts. Ind Crops Prod. 2014, 54:142-8. 10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.12.047","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Optimisation of extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from limau purut (Citrus hystrix) peels","volume":"16","author":"Chan S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan S, Lee CY, Yap CF, Mustapha W, Ho C. Optimisation of extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from limau purut (Citrus hystrix) peels. Int Food Res. 2009, 16:203-13.","journal-title":"Int Food Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2007.05.006","article-title":"Design of optimal solvent for extraction of bio-active ingredients from mulberry leaves","volume":"37","author":"Kim JM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim JM, Chang SM, Kim IH, Kim YE, Hwang JH, Kim KS, Kim WS. Design of optimal solvent for extraction of bio-active ingredients from mulberry leaves. Biochem Eng J. 2007, 37:271-8. 10.1016\/j.bej.2007.05.006","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.036","article-title":"Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time","volume":"71","author":"Lapornik B","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lapornik B, Pro\u0161ek M, Wondra AG. Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time. J Food Eng. 2005, 71:214-22. 10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.036","journal-title":"J Food Eng"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.11.003","article-title":"Solvent effects on phenolic contents and biological activities of the halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum leaves","volume":"43","author":"Trabelsi N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trabelsi N, Megdiche W, Ksouri R, et al.. Solvent effects on phenolic contents and biological activities of the halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum leaves. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 2010, 43:632-9. 10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.11.003","journal-title":"LWT-Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2006.12.005","article-title":"Optimization of extraction conditions of antioxidant phenolic compounds from mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ru\u00edz & Pav\u00f3n) tubers","volume":"2","author":"Chirinos R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chirinos R, Rogez H, Campos D, Pedreschi R, Larondelle Y. Optimization of extraction conditions of antioxidant phenolic compounds from mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ru\u00edz &amp; Pav\u00f3n) tubers. Sep Purif Technol. 2007, 2:217-25. 10.1016\/j.seppur.2006.12.005","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.05.063","article-title":"A comparative study on different extraction techniques to recover red grape pomace polyphenols from vinification byproducts","volume":"75","author":"Drosou C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drosou C, Kyriakopoulou K, Bimpilas A, Tsimogiannis D, Krokida M. A comparative study on different extraction techniques to recover red grape pomace polyphenols from vinification byproducts. Ind Crops Prod. 2015, 75:141-9. 10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.05.063","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.020","article-title":"Antioxidants from grape stalks and marc: Influence of extraction procedure on yield, purity and antioxidant power of the extracts","volume":"78","author":"Spigno G","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spigno G, De Faveri DM. Antioxidants from grape stalks and marc: Influence of extraction procedure on yield, purity and antioxidant power of the extracts. J Food Eng. 2007, 78:793-801. 10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.020","journal-title":"J Food Eng"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.08.039","article-title":"Optimization of the recovery of phenolic compounds from Algerian grape by-products","volume":"77","author":"Medouni-Adrar S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Medouni-Adrar S, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Cadot Y, Medouni-Haroune L, Dahmoune F, Makhoukhe A. Optimization of the recovery of phenolic compounds from Algerian grape by-products. Ind Crops Prod. 2015, 77:123-32. 10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.08.039","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.07.040","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants","volume":"1218","author":"Chan CH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chan CH, Yusoff R, Ngoh GC, Kung FW. Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants. J Chromatogr A. 2011, 1218:6213-25. 10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.07.040","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Microwave assisted extraction\u2014an innovative and promising extraction tool for medicinal plant research","volume":"1","author":"Mandal V","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mandal V, Mohan Y, Hemalatha SJ. Microwave assisted extraction\u2014an innovative and promising extraction tool for medicinal plant research. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2007, 1:7-18.","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy reviews"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves; a comparison with maceration","volume":"21","author":"Rafiee Z","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rafiee Z, Jafari SM, Alami M, Khomeiri M. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves; a comparison with maceration. J Anim Plant Sc. 2011, 21:738-45.","journal-title":"J Anim Plant Sc"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/240914-optimization-of-extraction-conditions-of-bioactive-compounds-from-kurdistan-species-urtica-dioica","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T06:47:07Z","timestamp":1716792427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/240914-optimization-of-extraction-conditions-of-bioactive-compounds-from-kurdistan-species-urtica-dioica"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.61146","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]}}}