{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:00:52Z","timestamp":1787032852696,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:20:29Z","timestamp":1717140029000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Updates on Topical Dyad and Triple Combination Therapies Approved for Acne Vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Podwojniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella J","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarushi","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard A","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candrice","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62715-3","article-title":"Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"Heng AH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heng AH, Chew FT. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Sci Rep. 2020, 10:5754. 10.1038\/s41598-020-62715-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702493","article-title":"Acne vulgaris","volume":"379","author":"Zaenglein AL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaenglein AL. Acne vulgaris. N Engl J Med. 2018, 379:1343-52. 10.1056\/NEJMcp1702493","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15719","article-title":"Acne treatment review and future perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Mohsin N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohsin N, Hernandez LE, Martin MR, Does AV, Nouri K. Acne treatment review and future perspectives. Dermatol Ther. 2022, 35:e15719. 10.1111\/dth.15719","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17633","article-title":"Management of acne vulgaris: a review","volume":"326","author":"Eichenfield DZ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eichenfield DZ, Sprague J, Eichenfield LF. Management of acne vulgaris: a review. JAMA. 2021, 326:2055-67. 10.1001\/jama.2021.17633","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"FDA approves CabtreoTM (clindamycin phosphate, adapalene and benzoyl peroxide) topical gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients twelve years of age and older. (2023). Accessed. October 20, 2023: https:\/\/ir.bauschhealth.com\/news-releases\/2023\/10-20-2023."},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Infantile acne","author":"Poole CN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Poole CN, McNair V. Infantile acne. StatPearls [Internet[. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2023."},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a retrospective study of 1,167 patients","volume":"11","author":"Skroza N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skroza N, Tolino E, Mambrin A, et al.. Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a retrospective study of 1,167 patients. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2018, 11:21-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.4668","article-title":"Development and initial validation of a multidimensional acne global grading system integrating primary lesions and secondary changes","volume":"156","author":"Bernardis E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernardis E, Shou H, Barbieri JS, et al.. Development and initial validation of a multidimensional acne global grading system integrating primary lesions and secondary changes. JAMA Dermatol. 2020, 156:296-302. 10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.4668","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% gel for the treatment of acne and acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color","volume":"5","author":"Callender VD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Callender VD, Young CM, Kindred C, Taylor SC. Efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% gel for the treatment of acne and acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012, 5:25-32.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19477","article-title":"Reviewing the global burden of acne: how could we improve care to reduce the burden?","volume":"184","author":"Layton AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Layton AM, Thiboutot D, Tan J. Reviewing the global burden of acne: how could we improve care to reduce the burden?. Br J Dermatol. 2021, 184:219-25. 10.1111\/bjd.19477","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris","volume":"74","author":"Zaenglein AL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, et al.. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016, 74:945-73.e33. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14374","article-title":"What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview","volume":"31","author":"Dr\u00e9no B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dr\u00e9no B. What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017, 31:8-12. 10.1111\/jdv.14374","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01072-w","article-title":"The updates and implications of cutaneous microbiota in acne","volume":"13","author":"Huang C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang C, Zhuo F, Han B, et al.. The updates and implications of cutaneous microbiota in acne. Cell Biosci. 2023, 13:113. 10.1186\/s13578-023-01072-w","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00531-1","article-title":"The skin microbiome: a new actor in inflammatory acne","volume":"21","author":"Dr\u00e9no B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dr\u00e9no B, Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Corvec S. The skin microbiome: a new actor in inflammatory acne. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020, 21:18-24. 10.1007\/s40257-020-00531-1","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2012.751085","article-title":"Short contact therapy of acne with tretinoin","volume":"24","author":"Veraldi S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Veraldi S, Barbareschi M, Benardon S, Schianchi R. Short contact therapy of acne with tretinoin. J Dermatolog Treat. 2013, 24:374-6. 10.3109\/09546634.2012.751085","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.10.010","article-title":"Topical treatments for acne","volume":"35","author":"Kosmadaki M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kosmadaki M, Katsambas A. Topical treatments for acne. Clin Dermatol. 2017, 35:173-8. 10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.10.010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9020135","article-title":"Development of adapalene loaded liposome based gel for acne","volume":"9","author":"Arooj A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arooj A, Rehman AU, Iqbal M, Naz I, Alhodaib A, Ahmed N. Development of adapalene loaded liposome based gel for acne. Gels. 2023, 9:135. 10.3390\/gels9020135","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2022.2147391","article-title":"Improvements in acne and skin oiliness with tazarotene 0.045% lotion in patients with oily skin","volume":"34","author":"Tanghetti EA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tanghetti EA, Zeichner JA, Gold M, et al.. Improvements in acne and skin oiliness with tazarotene 0.045% lotion in patients with oily skin. J Dermatolog Treat. 2023, 34:2147391. 10.1080\/09546634.2022.2147391","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012263.pub2","article-title":"Topical antibiotics for acne","volume":"2018","author":"Lazic Mosler E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lazic Mosler E, Leitner C, Gouda MA, Carter B, Layton AM, KhalafAllah MT. Topical antibiotics for acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018, 2018:CD012263. 10.1002\/14651858.CD012263.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13101.x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory actions of benzoyl peroxide: effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species by leucocytes and the activity of protein kinase C and calmodulin","volume":"130","author":"Hegemann L","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hegemann L, Toso SM, Kitay K, Webster GF. Anti-inflammatory actions of benzoyl peroxide: effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species by leucocytes and the activity of protein kinase C and calmodulin. Br J Dermatol. 1994, 130:569-75. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13101.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12069","article-title":"Twenty cases of allergic contact dermatitis due to benzoyl peroxide in acne patients in Japan","volume":"2","author":"IijimaS","year":"2019","unstructured":"IijimaS, Tsunoda T. Twenty cases of allergic contact dermatitis due to benzoyl peroxide in acne patients in Japan. J Cutan Immunol Allergy. 2019, 2:108-12. 10.1002\/cia2.12069","journal-title":"J Cutan Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to a common topical acne treatment - an unfamiliar mimic of angioedema","volume":"91","author":"Mullan K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mullan K, Ferris K, Thompson A, Loughran C. Allergic contact dermatitis to a common topical acne treatment - an unfamiliar mimic of angioedema. Ulster Med J. 2022, 91:167-9.","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13934","article-title":"Salicylic acid treats acne vulgaris by suppressing AMPK\/SREBP1 pathway in sebocytes","volume":"28","author":"Lu J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu J, Cong T, Wen X, Li X, Du D, He G, Jiang X. Salicylic acid treats acne vulgaris by suppressing AMPK\/SREBP1 pathway in sebocytes. Exp Dermatol. 2019, 28:786-94. 10.1111\/exd.13934","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"The use of lipohydroxy acid in skin care and acne treatment","volume":"9","author":"Zeichner JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeichner JA. The use of lipohydroxy acid in skin care and acne treatment. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016, 9:40-3.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354888","article-title":"Azelaic acid: properties and mode of action","volume":"27 Suppl 1","author":"Sieber MA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sieber MA, Hegel JK. Azelaic acid: properties and mode of action. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014, 27 Suppl 1:9-17. 10.1159\/000354888","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01107.x","article-title":"Azelaic acid modulates the inflammatory response in normal human keratinocytes through PPARgamma activation","volume":"19","author":"Mastrofrancesco A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M, Aspite N, et al.. Azelaic acid modulates the inflammatory response in normal human keratinocytes through PPARgamma activation. Exp Dermatol. 2010, 19:813-20. 10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01107.x","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15923","article-title":"A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of azelaic acid in the management of acne, rosacea, melasma and skin aging","volume":"22","author":"King S","year":"2023","unstructured":"King S, Campbell J, Rowe R, Daly ML, Moncrieff G, Maybury C. A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of azelaic acid in the management of acne, rosacea, melasma and skin aging. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023, 22:2650-62. 10.1111\/jocd.15923","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.12.006","article-title":"Real-world adherence to topical therapies in patients with moderate acne","volume":"2","author":"Lam Hoai XL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam Hoai XL, De Maertelaer V, Simonart T. Real-world adherence to topical therapies in patients with moderate acne. JAAD Int. 2021, 2:109-15. 10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.12.006","journal-title":"JAAD Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17140","article-title":"Subclinical effects of adapalene-benzoyl peroxide: a prospective in vivo imaging study on acne micromorphology and transfollicular delivery","volume":"35","author":"Fuchs CS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuchs CS, Ortner VK, Hansen FS, Philipsen PA, Haedersdal M. Subclinical effects of adapalene-benzoyl peroxide: a prospective in vivo imaging study on acne micromorphology and transfollicular delivery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021, 35:1377-85. 10.1111\/jdv.17140","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0352-y","article-title":"Prevention and reduction of atrophic acne scars with Adapalene 0.3%\/Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% gel in subjects with moderate or severe facial acne: Results of a 6-month randomized, vehicle-controlled trial using intra-individual comparison","volume":"19","author":"Dr\u00e9no B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dr\u00e9no B, Bissonnette R, Gagn\u00e9-Henley A, Barankin B, Lynde C, Kerrouche N, Tan J. Prevention and reduction of atrophic acne scars with Adapalene 0.3%\/Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% gel in subjects with moderate or severe facial acne: Results of a 6-month randomized, vehicle-controlled trial using intra-individual comparison. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018, 19:275-86. 10.1007\/s40257-018-0352-y","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2018.1518329","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 2% supramolecular salicylic acid compared with 5% benzoyl peroxide\/0.1% adapalene in the acne treatment: a randomized, split-face, open-label, single-center study","volume":"38","author":"Zheng Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Yin S, Xia Y, Chen J, Ye C, Zeng Q, Lai W. Efficacy and safety of 2% supramolecular salicylic acid compared with 5% benzoyl peroxide\/0.1% adapalene in the acne treatment: a randomized, split-face, open-label, single-center study. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2019, 38:48-54. 10.1080\/15569527.2018.1518329","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1939678","article-title":"An overview of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide once-daily topical gel as a therapeutic option for acne","volume":"22","author":"Emmerich VK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emmerich VK, Purvis CG, Feldman SR. An overview of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide once-daily topical gel as a therapeutic option for acne. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021, 22:1661-7. 10.1080\/14656566.2021.1939678","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-017-0568-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tazarotene 0.1% plus clindamycin 1% gel versus adapalene 0.1% plus clindamycin 1% gel in facial acne vulgaris: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"Maiti R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maiti R, Sirka CS, Ashique Rahman MA, Srinivasan A, Parida S, Hota D. Efficacy and safety of tazarotene 0.1% plus clindamycin 1% gel versus adapalene 0.1% plus clindamycin 1% gel in facial acne vulgaris: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Drug Investig. 2017, 37:1083-91. 10.1007\/s40261-017-0568-2","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14497","article-title":"Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/benzoyl peroxide 3% fixed-dose combination gel versus topical combination therapy of adapalene 0.1% gel and clindamycin phosphate 1.2% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japanese patients: a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blind, parallel-group study","volume":"45","author":"Hayashi N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayashi N, Kurokawa I, Siakpere O, Endo A, Hatanaka T, Yamada M, Kawashima M. Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/benzoyl peroxide 3% fixed-dose combination gel versus topical combination therapy of adapalene 0.1% gel and clindamycin phosphate 1.2% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japanese patients: a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blind, parallel-group study. J Dermatol. 2018, 45:951-62. 10.1111\/1346-8138.14497","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2019.066","article-title":"Niosomal benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin lotion versus niosomal clindamycin lotion in treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Mohammadi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammadi S, Pardakhty A, Khalili M, et al.. Niosomal benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin lotion versus niosomal clindamycin lotion in treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized clinical trial. Adv Pharm Bull. 2019, 9:578-83. 10.15171\/apb.2019.066","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.06.016","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes persists despite topical clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide","volume":"28","author":"Heckmann N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heckmann N, Heidari KS, Jalali O, et al.. Cutibacterium acnes persists despite topical clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019, 28:2279-83. 10.1016\/j.jse.2019.06.016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5217567","article-title":"Topical treatment of truncal acne with tretinoin lotion 0.05% and azelaic acid foam","volume":"2020","author":"St Surin-Lord S","year":"2020","unstructured":"St Surin-Lord S, Miller J. Topical treatment of truncal acne with tretinoin lotion 0.05% and azelaic acid foam. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2020, 2020:5217567. 10.1155\/2020\/5217567","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.093","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of microencapsulated benzoyl peroxide and microencapsulated tretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris: results from two phase 3 double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies","volume":"89","author":"Del Rosso J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Del Rosso J, Sugarman J, Green L, Lain T, Levy-Hacham O, Mizrahi R, Gold LS. Efficacy and safety of microencapsulated benzoyl peroxide and microencapsulated tretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris: results from two phase 3 double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023, 89:719-27. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.093","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00650-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose clindamycin phosphate 1.2%, benzoyl peroxide 3.1%, and adapalene 0.15% gel for moderate-to-severe acne: a randomized phase II study of the first triple-combination drug","volume":"23","author":"Stein Gold L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stein Gold L, Baldwin H, Kircik LH, et al.. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose clindamycin phosphate 1.2%, benzoyl peroxide 3.1%, and adapalene 0.15% gel for moderate-to-severe acne: a randomized phase II study of the first triple-combination drug. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022, 23:93-104. 10.1007\/s40257-021-00650-3","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15283","article-title":"Triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/benzoyl peroxide 3.1%\/adapalene 0.15% gel for moderate-to-severe acne in children and adolescents: randomized phase 2 study","volume":"40","author":"Eichenfield LF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eichenfield LF, Stein Gold L, Kircik LH, et al.. Triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/benzoyl peroxide 3.1%\/adapalene 0.15% gel for moderate-to-severe acne in children and adolescents: randomized phase 2 study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2023, 40:452-9. 10.1111\/pde.15283","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.069","article-title":"Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/adapalene 0.15%\/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% gel for moderate-to-severe acne: efficacy and safety results from two randomized phase 3 trials","volume":"89","author":"Stein Gold L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stein Gold L, Lain E, Del Rosso JQ, et al.. Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/adapalene 0.15%\/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% gel for moderate-to-severe acne: efficacy and safety results from two randomized phase 3 trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023, 89:927-35. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.069","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2023.2220446","article-title":"Dermal sensitization, safety, and tolerability of triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/benzoyl peroxide 3.1%\/adapalene 0.15% gel from three clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Draelos ZD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Draelos ZD, Tanghetti EA, Kircik LH, Bhatia N, Zeichner JA, Sugarman JL, Stein Gold L. Dermal sensitization, safety, and tolerability of triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%\/benzoyl peroxide 3.1%\/adapalene 0.15% gel from three clinical trials. J Dermatolog Treat. 2023, 34:2220446. 10.1080\/09546634.2023.2220446","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2020.1757646","article-title":"Adverse events related to topical drug treatments for acne vulgaris","volume":"19","author":"Otlewska A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Otlewska A, Baran W, Batycka-Baran A. Adverse events related to topical drug treatments for acne vulgaris. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2020, 19:513-21. 10.1080\/14740338.2020.1757646","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2021-8-6","article-title":"Dermatology: how to manage acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"Leung AK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leung AK, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL. Dermatology: how to manage acne vulgaris. Drugs Context. 2021, 10:10.7573\/dic.2021-8-6","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes suppressed by a benzoyl peroxide cleanser 6%","volume":"82","author":"Leyden JJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leyden JJ, Wortzman M, Baldwin EK. Antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes suppressed by a benzoyl peroxide cleanser 6%. Cutis. 2008, 82:417-21.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00594-8","article-title":"50 years of topical retinoids for acne: evolution of treatment","volume":"22","author":"Baldwin H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baldwin H, Webster G, Stein Gold L, Callender V, Cook-Bolden FE, Guenin E. 50 years of topical retinoids for acne: evolution of treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021, 22:315-27. 10.1007\/s40257-021-00594-8","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0185-2","article-title":"Why topical retinoids are mainstay of therapy for acne","volume":"7","author":"Leyden J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leyden J, Stein-Gold L, Weiss J. Why topical retinoids are mainstay of therapy for acne. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2017, 7:293-304. 10.1007\/s13555-017-0185-2","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50746-4","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of acne drugs against skin associated bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Blaskovich MA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blaskovich MA, Elliott AG, Kavanagh AM, Ramu S, Cooper MA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of acne drugs against skin associated bacteria. Sci Rep. 2019, 9:14658. 10.1038\/s41598-019-50746-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Randomized, observer-blind, split-face study to compare the irritation potential of 2 topical acne formulations over a 14-day treatment period","volume":"90","author":"Ting W","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ting W. Randomized, observer-blind, split-face study to compare the irritation potential of 2 topical acne formulations over a 14-day treatment period. Cutis. 2012, 90:91-6.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"The tolerability profile of clindamycin 1%\/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel vs. Adapalene 0.1%\/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel for facial acne: results of two randomized, single-blind, split-face studies","volume":"5","author":"Green L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Green L, Cirigliano M, Gwazdauskas JA, Gonzalez P. The tolerability profile of clindamycin 1%\/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel vs. Adapalene 0.1%\/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel for facial acne: results of two randomized, single-blind, split-face studies. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012, 5:16-24.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12013","article-title":"The tolerability profile of clindamycin 1%\/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel vs. adapalene 0.1%\/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel for facial acne: results of a randomized, single-blind, split-face study","volume":"11","author":"Gonzalez P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonzalez P, Vila R, Cirigliano M. The tolerability profile of clindamycin 1%\/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel vs. adapalene 0.1%\/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel for facial acne: results of a randomized, single-blind, split-face study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2012, 11:251-60. 10.1111\/jocd.12013","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S117437","article-title":"Interventions to increase adherence to acne treatment","volume":"10","author":"Moradi Tuchayi S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moradi Tuchayi S, Alexander TM, Nadkarni A, Feldman SR. Interventions to increase adherence to acne treatment. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016, 10:2091-6. 10.2147\/PPA.S117437","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"A review of the anti-inflammatory properties of clindamycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"85","author":"Del Rosso JQ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Del Rosso JQ, Schmidt NF. A review of the anti-inflammatory properties of clindamycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Cutis. 2010, 85:15-24.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Topical vehicle formulations in the treatment of acne","volume":"17","author":"Hoffman LK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoffman LK, Bhatia N, Zeichner J, Kircik LH. Topical vehicle formulations in the treatment of acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018, 17:s6-s10.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519847367","article-title":"Topical treatment of acne vulgaris: efficiency, side effects, and adherence rate","volume":"47","author":"Sevimli Dikicier B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sevimli Dikicier B. Topical treatment of acne vulgaris: efficiency, side effects, and adherence rate. J Int Med Res. 2019, 47:2987-92. 10.1177\/0300060519847367","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8111057","article-title":"Skin disease in children: effects on quality of life, stigmatization, bullying, and suicide risk in pediatric acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis patients","volume":"8","author":"Kelly KA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kelly KA, Balogh EA, Kaplan SG, Feldman SR. Skin disease in children: effects on quality of life, stigmatization, bullying, and suicide risk in pediatric acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis patients. Children (Basel). 2021, 8:1057. 10.3390\/children8111057","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S76088","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of acne, vitiligo, and psoriasis: a review","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen CM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen CM, Beroukhim K, Danesh MJ, Babikian A, Koo J, Leon A. The psychosocial impact of acne, vitiligo, and psoriasis: a review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016, 9:383-92. 10.2147\/CCID.S76088","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13786","article-title":"Cumulative mental health consequences of acne: 23-year follow-up in a general population birth cohort study","volume":"175","author":"Ramrakha S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramrakha S, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, et al.. Cumulative mental health consequences of acne: 23-year follow-up in a general population birth cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2016, 175:1079-81. 10.1111\/bjd.13786","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/254974-updates-on-topical-dyad-and-triple-combination-therapies-approved-for-acne-vulgaris","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:20:36Z","timestamp":1717140036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/254974-updates-on-topical-dyad-and-triple-combination-therapies-approved-for-acne-vulgaris"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.61413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]}}}