{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T13:01:41Z","timestamp":1754398901673},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T06:11:04Z","timestamp":1717395064000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist Protocol Improves Pregnancy Outcomes During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Treatment in Young Infertile Women: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Aamir","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017","article-title":"GnRH antagonist versus long agonist protocols in IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for patient type","volume":"23","author":"Lambalk CB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambalk CB, Banga FR, Huirne JA, et al.. GnRH antagonist versus long agonist protocols in IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for patient type. Hum Reprod Update. 2017, 23:560-79. 10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2017.09.007","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women with endometriosis-associated infertility: GnRH-agonist versus GnRH-antagonist","volume":"46","author":"Kolanska K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kolanska K, Cohen J, Bendifallah S, et al.. Pregnancy outcomes after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women with endometriosis-associated infertility: GnRH-agonist versus GnRH-antagonist. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2017, 46:681-6. 10.1016\/j.jogoh.2017.09.007","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106854","article-title":"Comparisons of GnRH antagonist versus GnRH agonist protocol in supposed normal ovarian responders undergoing IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Xiao JS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao JS, Su CM, Zeng XT. Comparisons of GnRH antagonist versus GnRH agonist protocol in supposed normal ovarian responders undergoing IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014, 9:e106854. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0106854","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-26","article-title":"GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF\/ET)","volume":"10","author":"Depalo R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Depalo R, Jayakrishan K, Garruti G, Totaro I, Panzarino M, Giorgino F, Selvaggi LE. GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF\/ET). Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012, 10:26. 10.1186\/1477-7827-10-26","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.11.001","article-title":"GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: an ongoing debate","volume":"26","author":"Orvieto R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orvieto R, Patrizio P. GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: an ongoing debate. Reprod Biomed Online. 2013, 26:4-8. 10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.11.001","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.07.002","article-title":"GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: has the ongoing debate resolved?","volume":"29","author":"Orvieto R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Orvieto R. GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: has the ongoing debate resolved?. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014, 29:647-9. 10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.07.002","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.03789","article-title":"What should be the protocol selection after failure of in-vitro fertilization at normoresponder patients: agonist or antagonist?","volume":"11","author":"Ceyhan ST","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ceyhan ST, Bayo\u011flu Tekin Y, Sakinci M, Ercan CM, Keskin U. What should be the protocol selection after failure of in-vitro fertilization at normoresponder patients: agonist or antagonist?. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2014, 11:198-202. 10.4274\/tjod.03789","journal-title":"Turk J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001750.pub4","article-title":"Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology","volume":"4","author":"Al-Inany HG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Inany HG, Youssef MA, Ayeleke RO, Brown J, Lam WS, Broekmans FJ. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016, 4:CD001750. 10.1002\/14651858.CD001750.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1528221","article-title":"GnRH antagonist versus follicular-phase single-dose GnRH agonist protocol in patients of normal ovarian responses during controlled ovarian stimulation","volume":"35","author":"Geng Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geng Y, Xun Y, Hu S, Lai Q, Jin L. GnRH antagonist versus follicular-phase single-dose GnRH agonist protocol in patients of normal ovarian responses during controlled ovarian stimulation. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019, 35:309-13. 10.1080\/09513590.2018.1528221","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53877","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-frozen embryo transfer (FET) protocol increased by administering gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) in the initial stage of the luteal phase: a retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Mahmood A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahmood A, Tan L. Clinical outcomes in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-frozen embryo transfer (FET) protocol increased by administering gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) in the initial stage of the luteal phase: a retrospective analysis. Cureus. 2024, 16:e53877. 10.7759\/cureus.53877","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175985","article-title":"Comparisons of GnRH antagonist protocol versus GnRH agonist long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang R, Lin S, Wang Y, Qian W, Zhou L. Comparisons of GnRH antagonist protocol versus GnRH agonist long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017, 12:e0175985. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0175985","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.021","article-title":"Impact of luteinizing hormone administration on gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles: an age-adjusted analysis","volume":"95","author":"Bosch E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bosch E, Labarta E, Crespo J, Sim\u00f3n C, Remoh\u00ed J, Pellicer A. Impact of luteinizing hormone administration on gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles: an age-adjusted analysis. Fertil Steril. 2011, 95:1031-6. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001750.pub3","article-title":"Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology","author":"Al-Inany HG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al-Inany HG, Youssef MA, Aboulghar M, Broekmans F, Sterrenburg M, Smit J, Abou-Setta AM. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011, CD001750. 10.1002\/14651858.CD001750.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.050","article-title":"The concerns during assisted reproductive technologies (CART) scale and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"81","author":"Klonoff-Cohen H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klonoff-Cohen H, Natarajan L. The concerns during assisted reproductive technologies (CART) scale and pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2004, 81:982-8. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.050","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.11.012","article-title":"Morphologic grading of euploid blastocysts influences implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates","volume":"107","author":"Irani M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Irani M, Reichman D, Robles A, et al.. Morphologic grading of euploid blastocysts influences implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril. 2017, 107:664-70. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.11.012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Art outcomes in GnRH antagonist protocol (flexible) and long GnRH agonist protocol during early follicular phase in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Mokhtar S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mokhtar S, Sadeghi MR, Akhondi MM, et al.. Art outcomes in GnRH antagonist protocol (flexible) and long GnRH agonist protocol during early follicular phase in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. J Reprod Infertil. 2015, 16:148-54.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08400-z","article-title":"Conventional GnRH antagonist protocols versus long GnRH agonist protocol in IVF\/ICSI cycles of polycystic ovary syndrome women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kadoura S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kadoura S, Alhalabi M, Nattouf AH. Conventional GnRH antagonist protocols versus long GnRH agonist protocol in IVF\/ICSI cycles of polycystic ovary syndrome women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022, 12:4456. 10.1038\/s41598-022-08400-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.10.022","article-title":"GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: the role of endometrial receptivity","volume":"90","author":"Orvieto R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Orvieto R, Meltzer S, Rabinson J, Zohav E, Anteby EY, Nahum R. GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: the role of endometrial receptivity. Fertil Steril. 2008, 90:1294-6. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.10.022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17772\/gp\/62205","article-title":"Flexible GnRH antagonist protocol vs. long GnRH agonist protocol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated for IVF: comparison of clinical outcome and embryo quality","volume":"87","author":"Trenki\u0107 M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trenki\u0107 M, Popovi\u0107 J, Kopitovi\u0107 V, Bjelica A, \u017divadinovi\u0107 R, Pop-Trajkovi\u0107 S. Flexible GnRH antagonist protocol vs. long GnRH agonist protocol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated for IVF: comparison of clinical outcome and embryo quality. Ginekol Pol. 2016, 87:265-70. 10.17772\/gp\/62205","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.08.025","article-title":"Optimal endometrial thickness to maximize live births and minimize pregnancy losses: Analysis of 25,767 fresh embryo transfers","volume":"37","author":"Gallos ID","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallos ID, Khairy M, Chu J, et al.. Optimal endometrial thickness to maximize live births and minimize pregnancy losses: Analysis of 25,767 fresh embryo transfers. Reprod Biomed Online. 2018, 37:542-8. 10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.08.025","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1248-8","article-title":"Evidence for expression and functionality of FSH and LH\/hCG receptors in human endometrium","volume":"35","author":"Sacchi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sacchi S, Sena P, Degli Esposti C, Lui J, La Marca A. Evidence for expression and functionality of FSH and LH\/hCG receptors in human endometrium. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018, 35:1703-12. 10.1007\/s10815-018-1248-8","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey119","article-title":"Increased AIF-1-mediated TNF-\u03b1 expression during implantation phase in IVF cycles with GnRH antagonist protocol","volume":"33","author":"Xu B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu B, Zhou M, Wang J, et al.. Increased AIF-1-mediated TNF-\u03b1 expression during implantation phase in IVF cycles with GnRH antagonist protocol. Hum Reprod. 2018, 33:1270-80. 10.1093\/humrep\/dey119","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S201871","article-title":"Comparative proteomics reveal negative effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist on human endometrium","volume":"13","author":"Chen Q","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Q, Yu F, Li Y, Zhang AJ, Zhu XB. Comparative proteomics reveal negative effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist on human endometrium. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019, 13:1855-63. 10.2147\/DDDT.S201871","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01623-6","article-title":"Effects of high progesterone in in-vitro fertilization cycle on DNA methylation and gene expression of adhesion molecules on endometrium during implantation window","volume":"37","author":"Xiong Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Hu L, Zhang T, et al.. Effects of high progesterone in in-vitro fertilization cycle on DNA methylation and gene expression of adhesion molecules on endometrium during implantation window. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020, 37:33-43. 10.1007\/s10815-019-01623-6","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg356","article-title":"Effect of GnRH analogues on apoptosis and release of interleukin-1beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in endometrial cell cultures from patients with endometriosis","volume":"18","author":"Meresman GF","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meresman GF, Bilotas MA, Lombardi E, Tesone M, Sueldo C, Bara\u00f1ao RI. Effect of GnRH analogues on apoptosis and release of interleukin-1beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in endometrial cell cultures from patients with endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2003, 18:1767-71. 10.1093\/humrep\/deg356","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013240.pub2","article-title":"Long-term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women with endometriosis","volume":"2019","author":"Georgiou EX","year":"2019","unstructured":"Georgiou EX, Melo P, Baker PE, et al.. Long-term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019, 2019:10.1002\/14651858.CD013240.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.09.031","article-title":"Interventions for endometriosis-related infertility: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Hodgson RM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodgson RM, Lee HL, Wang R, Mol BW, Johnson N. Interventions for endometriosis-related infertility: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2020, 113:374-82.e2. 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.09.031","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0529-567X.2018.03.004","article-title":"Cumulative live birth rates per oocytes retrieved cycle: evaluation of clinical outcomes of IVF\/ICSI","volume":"53","author":"Wu CX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu CX, Zhang T, Shu L, et al.. Cumulative live birth rates per oocytes retrieved cycle: evaluation of clinical outcomes of IVF\/ICSI. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 53:160-6. 10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0529-567X.2018.03.004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.3.815","article-title":"Blastocyst transfer ameliorates live birth rate compared with cleavage-stage embryos transfer in fresh in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: reviews and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Wang SS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang SS, Sun HX. Blastocyst transfer ameliorates live birth rate compared with cleavage-stage embryos transfer in fresh in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: reviews and meta-analysis. Yonsei Med J. 2014, 55:815-25. 10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.3.815","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003416.pub4","article-title":"Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"2013","author":"Pandian Z","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pandian Z, Marjoribanks J, Ozturk O, Serour G, Bhattacharya S. Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 2013:CD003416. 10.1002\/14651858.CD003416.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Comparison of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist long protocol and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocol in infertile women","volume":"45","author":"Ren Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ren Y, Yang S, Yang R, et al.. Comparison of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist long protocol and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocol in infertile women. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2013, 45:877-81.","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/255926-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-gnrh-agonist-protocol-improves-pregnancy-outcomes-during-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf-and-intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-icsi-treatment-in-young-infertile-women-a-retrospective-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T06:11:10Z","timestamp":1717395070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/255926-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-gnrh-agonist-protocol-improves-pregnancy-outcomes-during-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf-and-intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-icsi-treatment-in-young-infertile-women-a-retrospective-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.61554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]]}}}