{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1774272043748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T17:03:05Z","timestamp":1718470985000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Primary Pterygium Excision Surgery: Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kirupakaran","family":"Arun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Grillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Georgoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.11.734","article-title":"Pterygium as an early indicator of ultraviolet insolation: a hypothesis","volume":"77","author":"Coroneo MT","year":"1993","unstructured":"Coroneo MT. Pterygium as an early indicator of ultraviolet insolation: a hypothesis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993, 77:734-9. 10.1136\/bjo.77.11.734","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.3.289","article-title":"Epidemiology of pterygium in Victoria, Australia","volume":"84","author":"McCarty CA","year":"2000","unstructured":"McCarty CA, Fu CL, Taylor HR. Epidemiology of pterygium in Victoria, Australia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000, 84:289-92. 10.1136\/bjo.84.3.289","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.12.1341","article-title":"Pterygium in Indonesia: prevalence, severity and risk factors","volume":"86","author":"Gazzard G","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gazzard G, Saw SM, Farook M, et al.. Pterygium in Indonesia: prevalence, severity and risk factors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002, 86:1341-6. 10.1136\/bjo.86.12.1341","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.3.219.1504","article-title":"Pterygium: prevalence, demography and risk factors","volume":"6","author":"Saw SM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saw SM, Tan D. Pterygium: prevalence, demography and risk factors. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1999, 6:219-28. 10.1076\/opep.6.3.219.1504","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314131","article-title":"Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors","volume":"104","author":"Fernandes AG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernandes AG, Salom\u00e3o SR, Ferraz NN, et al.. Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020, 104:757-63. 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314131","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160405001","article-title":"Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision","volume":"115","author":"Tan DT","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tan DT, Chee SP, Dear KB, Lim AS. Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997, 115:1235-40. 10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160405001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6257(02)00463-0","article-title":"The treatment of pterygium","volume":"48","author":"Hirst LW","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirst LW. The treatment of pterygium. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003, 48:145-180. 10.1016\/s0039-6257(02)00463-0","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.4.288","article-title":"Long term results of intraoperative mitomycin C in the treatment of recurrent pterygium","volume":"80","author":"Mastropasqua L","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mastropasqua L, Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Enrico Gallenga P. Long term results of intraoperative mitomycin C in the treatment of recurrent pterygium. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996, 80:288-91. 10.1136\/bjo.80.4.288","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.3.357","article-title":"Serious corneoscleral complications after pterygium excision with mitomycin C","volume":"86","author":"Safianik B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Safianik B, Ben-Zion I, Garzozi HJ. Serious corneoscleral complications after pterygium excision with mitomycin C. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002, 86:357-8. 10.1136\/bjo.86.3.357","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.07.004","article-title":"Conjunctival autograft versus amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of pterygium: findings from a Cochrane systematic review","volume":"182","author":"Clearfield E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clearfield E, Hawkins BS, Kuo IC. Conjunctival autograft versus amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of pterygium: findings from a Cochrane systematic review. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017, 182:8-17. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.07.004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001106","article-title":"Autologous blood versus fibrin glue in pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft surgery","volume":"36","author":"Nadarajah G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nadarajah G, Ratnalingam VH, Mohd Isa H. Autologous blood versus fibrin glue in pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft surgery. Cornea. 2017, 36:452-6. 10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001106","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120965488","article-title":"Pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft fixation using bipolar electrocauterization","volume":"31","author":"Costa FQ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa FQ, Costa RQ, Barbosa JB, Gomes J\u00c1P. Pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft fixation using bipolar electrocauterization. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021, 31:1458-62. 10.1177\/1120672120965488","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Pterygium excision with graft. (2021). Accessed. 1 May 2024: https:\/\/cataractcoach.com\/2021\/09\/26\/1238-pterygium-excision-with-graft\/."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Recurrent pterygium surgery. (2021). Accessed. 12 June 2024: https:\/\/cataractcoach.com\/2021\/03\/10\/1038-recurrent-pterygium-surgery\/."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1993.146","article-title":"Conjunctival autografting in the surgical management of pterygium","volume":"7 ( Pt 5)","author":"Riordan-Eva P","year":"1993","unstructured":"Riordan-Eva P, Kielhorn I, Ficker LA, Steele AD, Kirkness CM. Conjunctival autografting in the surgical management of pterygium. Eye (Lond). 1993, 7 ( Pt 5):634-8. 10.1038\/eye.1993.146","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(97)30197-3","article-title":"Comparison of conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane grafts, and primary closure for pterygium excision","volume":"104","author":"Prabhasawat P","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prabhasawat P, Barton K, Burkett G, Tseng SC. Comparison of conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane grafts, and primary closure for pterygium excision. Ophthalmology. 1997, 104:974-985. 10.1016\/s0161-6420(97)30197-3","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S162203","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in the dry eye amniotic membrane (DREAM) study","volume":"12","author":"McDonald MB","year":"2018","unstructured":"McDonald MB, Sheha H, Tighe S, et al.. Treatment outcomes in the dry eye amniotic membrane (DREAM) study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018, 12:677-81. 10.2147\/OPTH.S162203","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199906)179:3<325::AID-JCP10>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Suppression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms, TGF-beta receptor type II, and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured human corneal and limbal fibroblasts by amniotic membrane matrix","volume":"179","author":"Tseng SC","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tseng SC, Li DQ, Ma X. Suppression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms, TGF-beta receptor type II, and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured human corneal and limbal fibroblasts by amniotic membrane matrix. J Cell Physiol. 1999, 179:3-325.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701728","article-title":"Outcome of pterygium surgery: analysis over 14 years","volume":"19","author":"Fernandes M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernandes M, Sangwan VS, Bansal AK, et al.. Outcome of pterygium surgery: analysis over 14 years. Eye (Lond). 2005, 19:1182-90. 10.1038\/sj.eye.6701728","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(85)33831-9","article-title":"Conjunctival autograft transplantation for advanced and recurrent pterygium","volume":"92","author":"Kenyon KR","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kenyon KR, Wagoner MD, Hettinger ME. Conjunctival autograft transplantation for advanced and recurrent pterygium. Ophthalmology. 1985, 92:1461-1470. 10.1016\/s0161-6420(85)33831-9","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090090017006","article-title":"Fixation of conjunctival autografts with an organic tissue adhesive","volume":"111","author":"Cohen RA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cohen RA, McDonald MB. Fixation of conjunctival autografts with an organic tissue adhesive. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993, 111:1167-8. 10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090090017006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.999947","article-title":"Recurrence after primary pterygium excision: amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue versus conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue","volume":"41","author":"Toker E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Toker E, Eraslan M. Recurrence after primary pterygium excision: amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue versus conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue. Curr Eye Res. 2016, 41:1-8. 10.3109\/02713683.2014.999947","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002137","article-title":"Modified sutureless and glue-free method versus conventional sutures for conjunctival autograft fixation in primary pterygium surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Yan B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan B, Peng L, Peng H, Zhou S, Chen B. Modified sutureless and glue-free method versus conventional sutures for conjunctival autograft fixation in primary pterygium surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Cornea. 2019, 38:1351-7. 10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002137","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(89)32667-4","article-title":"A randomized trial of conjunctival autografting for pterygium in the tropics","volume":"96","author":"Lewallen S","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lewallen S. A randomized trial of conjunctival autografting for pterygium in the tropics. Ophthalmology. 1989, 96:1612-1614. 10.1016\/s0161-6420(89)32667-4","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(97)30224-3","article-title":"Intraoperative mitomycin in primary pterygium excision. A prospective, randomized trial","volume":"104","author":"Manning CA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Manning CA, Kloess PM, Diaz MD, Yee RW. Intraoperative mitomycin in primary pterygium excision. A prospective, randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 1997, 104:844-848. 10.1016\/s0161-6420(97)30224-3","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2018.05.01","article-title":"Current approaches and future directions in the management of pterygium","volume":"11","author":"Kim KW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim KW, Kim JC. Current approaches and future directions in the management of pterygium. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018, 11:709-11. 10.18240\/ijo.2018.05.01","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.02.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pterygia: role of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases","volume":"23","author":"Di Girolamo N","year":"2004","unstructured":"Di Girolamo N, Chui J, Coroneo MT, Wakefield D. Pathogenesis of pterygia: role of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004, 23:195-228. 10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.02.002","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0175-x","article-title":"Results of pterygium excision adjunct with conjunctival autograft transplantation for primary pterygium by ophthalmology trainees","volume":"36","author":"Kositphipat K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kositphipat K, Tananuvat N, Choovuthayakorn J. Results of pterygium excision adjunct with conjunctival autograft transplantation for primary pterygium by ophthalmology trainees. Int Ophthalmol. 2016, 36:615-21. 10.1007\/s10792-016-0175-x","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1991.tb00661.x","article-title":"Pterygium recurrence rate at the Princess Alexandra Hospital","volume":"19","author":"Sebban A","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sebban A, Hirst LW. Pterygium recurrence rate at the Princess Alexandra Hospital. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1991, 19:203-6. 10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1991.tb00661.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01341.x","article-title":"Outcomes of autoconjunctival grafting for primary pterygia when performed by consultant compared with trainee ophthalmologists","volume":"34","author":"Farrah JJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farrah JJ, Lee GA, Greenrod E, Vieira J. Outcomes of autoconjunctival grafting for primary pterygia when performed by consultant compared with trainee ophthalmologists. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006, 34:857-60. 10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01341.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/260502-primary-pterygium-excision-surgery-analysis-of-risk-factors-and-clinical-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T17:03:20Z","timestamp":1718471000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/260502-primary-pterygium-excision-surgery-analysis-of-risk-factors-and-clinical-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.62440","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]}}}