{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:33:23Z","timestamp":1774528403346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T09:47:51Z","timestamp":1719049671000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Case of Autoimmune Hepatitis Initially Manifesting as Hepatic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shengmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangrui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanghao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00768-8","article-title":"Autoimmmune hepatitis","volume":"19","author":"Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Autoimmmune hepatitis. Cell Mol Immunol. 2022, 19:158-76. 10.1038\/s41423-021-00768-8","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102280","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Hahn JW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hahn JW, Yang HR, Moon JS, et al.. Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2023, 65:102280. 10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102280","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14746","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Asian, European, and American population","volume":"34","author":"Lv T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv T, Li M, Zeng N, et al.. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Asian, European, and American population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019, 34:1676-84. 10.1111\/jgh.14746","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 practice guidance and guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"72","author":"Mack CL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, et al.. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 practice guidance and guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2020, 72:671-722. 10.1002\/hep.31065","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-010-9183-5","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: new paradigms in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"4","author":"Oo YH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oo YH, Hubscher SG, Adams DH. Autoimmune hepatitis: new paradigms in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Hepatol Int. 2010, 4:475-93. 10.1007\/s12072-010-9183-5","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.030","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"63","year":"2015","unstructured":"EASL clinical practice guidelines. autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2015, 63:971-1004. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.030","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24080","article-title":"Autoimmune acute liver failure: proposed clinical and histological criteria","volume":"53","author":"Stravitz RT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stravitz RT, Lefkowitch JH, Fontana RJ, et al.. Autoimmune acute liver failure: proposed clinical and histological criteria. Hepatology. 2011, 53:517-26. 10.1002\/hep.24080","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.267","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: review of histologic features included in the simplified criteria proposed by the international autoimmune hepatitis group and proposal for new histologic criteria","volume":"30","author":"Balitzer D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balitzer D, Shafizadeh N, Peters MG, Ferrell LD, Alshak N, Kakar S. Autoimmune hepatitis: review of histologic features included in the simplified criteria proposed by the international autoimmune hepatitis group and proposal for new histologic criteria. Mod Pathol. 2017, 30:773-83. 10.1038\/modpathol.2016.267","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001449","article-title":"Epidemiology of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the United States between 2014 and 2019: a population-based national study","volume":"55","author":"Tunio NA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tunio NA, Mansoor E, Sheriff MZ, Cooper GS, Sclair SN, Cohen SM. Epidemiology of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the United States between 2014 and 2019: a population-based national study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021, 55:903-10. 10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001449","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08439-0","article-title":"Hepatic and extrahepatic characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis: a 23-year hospital-based cohort study","volume":"69","author":"Chang ML","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang ML, Le PH, Chen WT, Chen TD, Chien RN. Hepatic and extrahepatic characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis: a 23-year hospital-based cohort study. Dig Dis Sci. 2024, 69:2193-203. 10.1007\/s10620-024-08439-0","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i15.1726","article-title":"Spontaneous porto-systemic shunts in liver cirrhosis: clinical and therapeutical aspects","volume":"26","author":"Nardelli S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nardelli S, Riggio O, Gioia S, Puzzono M, Pelle G, Ridola L. Spontaneous porto-systemic shunts in liver cirrhosis: clinical and therapeutical aspects. World J Gastroenterol. 2020, 26:1726-32. 10.3748\/wjg.v26.i15.1726","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1382795","article-title":"Portosystemic shunt syndrome and endovascular management of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Saad WE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saad WE. Portosystemic shunt syndrome and endovascular management of hepatic encephalopathy. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2014, 31:262-5. 10.1055\/s-0034-1382795","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12563","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: clinical manifestations and management of autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly","volume":"39","author":"Chen J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J, Eslick GD, Weltman M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: clinical manifestations and management of autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014, 39:117-24. 10.1111\/apt.12563","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08833-w","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin G levels predict biochemical and histological remission of autoimmune hepatitis type 1: a single-center experience and literature review","volume":"62","author":"Li Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Yan L, Wang R, et al.. Serum immunoglobulin G levels predict biochemical and histological remission of autoimmune hepatitis type 1: a single-center experience and literature review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2022, 62:292-300. 10.1007\/s12016-021-08833-w","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0131","article-title":"Evaluation of the histological scoring systems of autoimmune hepatitis: a significant step towards the optimization of clinical diagnosis","volume":"30","author":"Komori A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Komori A. Evaluation of the histological scoring systems of autoimmune hepatitis: a significant step towards the optimization of clinical diagnosis. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024, 30:157-9. 10.3350\/cmh.2024.0131","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gov049","article-title":"Radiographical findings in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"4","author":"Elwir S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elwir S, Hal H, Veith J, Schreibman I, Kadry Z, Riley T. Radiographical findings in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2016, 4:221-5. 10.1093\/gastro\/gov049","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31256-6","article-title":"Embolization of porto-systemic shunt as treatment for recurrent hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Leonard H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leonard H, O\u2019Beirne J, Yu D, Tsochatzis E. Embolization of porto-systemic shunt as treatment for recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. Ann Hepatol. 2014, 13:555-7. 10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31256-6","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12223","article-title":"Education and imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt associated with cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Tsauo J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsauo J, Liu L, Tang C, Li X. Education and imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt associated with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013, 28:904. 10.1111\/jgh.12223","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2016.01000","article-title":"A large spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cirrhotic patient","volume":"5","author":"Qi X","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qi X, Ye C, Hou Y, Guo X. A large spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cirrhotic patient. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2016, 5:58-60. 10.5582\/irdr.2016.01000","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i17.2573","article-title":"Rare spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Tan YW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan YW, Sheng JH, Tan HY, Sun L, Yin YM. Rare spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis: a case report. World J Clin Cases. 2019, 7:2573-9. 10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i17.2573","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/con.2020.09.00009","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy associated with spontaneous portosystemic shunts","volume":"60","author":"Jenkins A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jenkins A, Skaret M, Hussell J, et al.. Hepatic encephalopathy associated with spontaneous portosystemic shunts. Consultant. 2020, 60:30-2. 10.25270\/con.2020.09.00009","journal-title":"Consultant"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100977","article-title":"Evolution of spontaneous portosystemic shunts over time and following aetiological intervention in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Vidal-Gonz\u00e1lez J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vidal-Gonz\u00e1lez J, Mart\u00ednez J, Mulay A, et al.. Evolution of spontaneous portosystemic shunts over time and following aetiological intervention in patients with cirrhosis. JHEP Rep. 2024, 6:100977. 10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100977","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.114","article-title":"Size and location of spontaneous portosystemic shunts predict the risk of decompensation in cirrhotic patients","volume":"54","author":"Dajti E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dajti E, Renzulli M, Colecchia A, et al.. Size and location of spontaneous portosystemic shunts predict the risk of decompensation in cirrhotic patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2022, 54:103-10. 10.1016\/j.dld.2020.12.114","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S169024","article-title":"Portosystemic shunts and refractory hepatic encephalopathy: patient selection and current options","volume":"11","author":"Philips CA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Philips CA, Rajesh S, Augustine P, Padsalgi G, Ahamed R. Portosystemic shunts and refractory hepatic encephalopathy: patient selection and current options. Hepat Med. 2019, 11:23-34. 10.2147\/HMER.S169024","journal-title":"Hepat Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/260916-a-case-of-autoimmune-hepatitis-initially-manifesting-as-hepatic-encephalopathy","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T09:47:54Z","timestamp":1719049674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/260916-a-case-of-autoimmune-hepatitis-initially-manifesting-as-hepatic-encephalopathy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.62890","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]}}}