{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:40:55Z","timestamp":1778344855994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T12:52:55Z","timestamp":1719838375000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Platforms: ChatGPT-3.5 and GoogleBard in Identifying Red Flags of Low Back Pain"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Selkin","family":"Yilmaz Muluk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazli","family":"Olcucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200006000-00003","article-title":"The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998","volume":"13","author":"Walker BF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker BF. The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998. J Spinal Disord. 2000, 13:205-17. 10.1097\/00002517-200006000-00003","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34347","article-title":"A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain","volume":"64","author":"Hoy D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoy D, Bain C, Williams G, et al.. A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2012, 64:2028-37. 10.1002\/art.34347","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Musculoskeletal conditions. (2020). Accessed. April 28 2024: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/musculoskeletal-conditions."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain","volume":"18","author":"Maher C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain . Lancet. 2017, 18:736-47. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4684-0","article-title":"Red flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review","volume":"25","author":"Verhagen AP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verhagen AP, Downie A, Popal N, Maher C, Koes BW. Red flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review. Eur Spine J. 2016, 25:2788-802. 10.1007\/s00586-016-4684-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7095","article-title":"Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review","volume":"347","author":"Downie A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Downie A, Williams CM, Henschke N, et al.. Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review. BMJ. 2013, 347:f7095. 10.1136\/bmj.f7095","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.06.005","article-title":"Low back pain in the emergency department: prevalence of serious spinal pathologies and diagnostic accuracy of red flags","volume":"133","author":"Galliker G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galliker G, Scherer DE, Trippolini MA, Rasmussen-Barr E, LoMartire R, Wertli MM. Low back pain in the emergency department: prevalence of serious spinal pathologies and diagnostic accuracy of red flags. Am J Med. 2020, 133:60-72.e14. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.06.005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025572","article-title":"Internet search roles of adults in their homes","author":"Kim J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim J, McNally B, Norooz L, Druin A. Internet search roles of adults in their homes. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York; 2017. 4948-59. 10.1145\/3025453.3025572"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37589","article-title":"Evaluation of ChatGPT's capabilities in medical report generation","volume":"15","author":"Zhou Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Z. Evaluation of ChatGPT's capabilities in medical report generation. Cureus. 2023, 15:e37589. 10.7759\/cureus.37589","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03172-7","article-title":"Role of Chat GPT in public health","volume":"51","author":"Biswas SS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biswas SS. Role of Chat GPT in public health. Ann Biomed Eng. 2023, 51:868-9. 10.1007\/s10439-023-03172-7","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.08.003","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of diagnostic accuracy between Google Bard and physicians","volume":"136","author":"Hirosawa T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirosawa T, Mizuta K, Harada Y, Shimizu T. Comparative evaluation of diagnostic accuracy between Google Bard and physicians. Am J Med. 2023, 136:1119-1123.e18. 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.08.003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/54704","article-title":"A preliminary checklist (METRICS) to standardize the design and reporting of studies on generative artificial intelligence-based models in health care education and practice: development study involving a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Sallam M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sallam M, Barakat M, Sallam M. A preliminary checklist (METRICS) to standardize the design and reporting of studies on generative artificial intelligence-based models in health care education and practice: development study involving a literature review. Interact J Med Res. 2024, 13:e54704. 10.2196\/54704","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10433295","article-title":"Can Conversational Artificial Intelligence Identify Red Flags of Low Back Pain? A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and GoogleBard [Data set]","author":"Yilmaz Muluk S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yilmaz Muluk S, Olcucu N. Can Conversational Artificial Intelligence Identify Red Flags of Low Back Pain? A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and GoogleBard [Data set]. Zenodo. 2023, 10.5281\/zenodo.10433295","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586018-5673-2","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview","volume":"27","author":"Oliveira CB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oliveira CB, Maher CG, Pinto RZ, et al.. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview. Eur Spine J. 2018, 27:2791-2803. 10.1007\/s00586018-5673-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"The Thinker's Guide to Intellectual Standards: The Words that Name Them and the Criteria that Define Them","author":"Elder L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elder L, Paul R. The Thinker's Guide to Intellectual Standards: The Words that Name Them and the Criteria that Define Them. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham; 2024."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Evidence-informed primary care management of low back pain. Clinical practice guideline. (2015). Accessed: December 2023: http:\/\/www.topalbertadoctors.org\/cpgs\/885801."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0883","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain","volume":"114","author":"Chenot JF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chenot JF, Greitemann B, Kladny B, Petzke F, Pfingsten M, Schorr SG. Non-specific low back pain. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017, 114:883-90. 10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0883","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Diagnostic therapeutic flow-charts for low back pain patients: the Italian clinical guidelines","volume":"42","author":"Negrini S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Negrini S, Giovannoni S, Minozzi S, et al.. Diagnostic therapeutic flow-charts for low back pain patients: the Italian clinical guidelines. Eura Medicophys. 2006, 42:151-70.","journal-title":"Eura Medicophys"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Low Back Pain and Sciatica in Over 16s: Assessment and Management","author":"National Guideline Centre (UK)","year":"2016","unstructured":"National Guideline Centre (UK). Low Back Pain and Sciatica in Over 16s: Assessment and Management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London; 2016."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1071-2","article-title":"Chapter 3 European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care","volume":"15 Suppl 2","author":"van Tulder M","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Tulder M, Becker A, Bekkering T, et al.. Chapter 3 European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J. 2006, 15 Suppl 2:S169-91. 10.1007\/s00586-006-1071-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1804626","article-title":"The diagnostic value of red flags in thoracolumbar pain: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Maselli F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maselli F, Palladino M, Barbari V, Storari L, Rossettini G, Testa M. The diagnostic value of red flags in thoracolumbar pain: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022, 44:1190-206. 10.1080\/09638288.2020.1804626","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45890","article-title":"Analyzing the performance of ChatGPT about osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Cinar C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cinar C. Analyzing the performance of ChatGPT about osteoporosis. Cureus. 2023, 15:e45890. 10.7759\/cureus.45890","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.08.003","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to pediatric urology","volume":"20","author":"Caglar U","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caglar U, Yildiz O, Meric A, Ayranci A, Gelmis M, Sarilar O, Ozgor F. Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to pediatric urology. J Pediatr Urol. 2024, 20:26.e1-5. 10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.08.003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.03.009","article-title":"The exciting potential for ChatGPT in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"228","author":"Gr\u00fcnebaum A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnebaum A, Chervenak J, Pollet SL, Katz A, Chervenak FA. The exciting potential for ChatGPT in obstetrics and gynecology. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023, 228:696-705. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.03.009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50629","article-title":"ChatGPT performance in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratory-oriented case scenarios","volume":"15","author":"Sallam M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sallam M, Al-Salahat K, Al-Ajlouni E. ChatGPT performance in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratory-oriented case scenarios. Cureus. 2023, 15:e50629. 10.7759\/cureus.50629","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.10.091","article-title":"Online patient education in body contouring: a comparison between Google and ChatGPT","volume":"87","author":"Alessandri-Bonetti M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alessandri-Bonetti M, Liu HY, Palmesano M, Nguyen VT, Egro FM. Online patient education in body contouring: a comparison between Google and ChatGPT. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2023, 87:390-402. 10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.10.091","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230922","article-title":"How AI responds to common lung cancer questions: ChatGPT vs Google Bard","volume":"307","author":"Rahsepar AA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahsepar AA, Tavakoli N, Kim GH, Hassani C, Abtin F, Bedayat A. How AI responds to common lung cancer questions: ChatGPT vs Google Bard. Radiology. 2023, 307:e230922. 10.1148\/radiol.230922","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/35882","article-title":"The development and use of chatbots in public health: scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Wilson L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilson L, Marasoiu M. The development and use of chatbots in public health: scoping review. JMIR Hum Factors. 2022, 9:e35882. 10.2196\/35882","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55691\/2582-3868.1177","article-title":"Scope and limitations of ChatGPT in research and academic writing","volume":"6","author":"Singh SP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh SP, Khan I, Mitra SK. Scope and limitations of ChatGPT in research and academic writing. Digital J Clin Med. 2024, 6:10.55691\/2582-3868.1177","journal-title":"Digital J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/259718-comparative-analysis-of-artificial-intelligence-platforms-chatgpt-35-and-googlebard-in-identifying-red-flags-of-low-back-pain","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T12:53:04Z","timestamp":1719838384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/259718-comparative-analysis-of-artificial-intelligence-platforms-chatgpt-35-and-googlebard-in-identifying-red-flags-of-low-back-pain"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.63580","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}}}