{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:14:52Z","timestamp":1774973692381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.64714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T09:35:28Z","timestamp":1721208928000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Narrative Review of Oxidative Stress and Liver Disease in Pregnancy: The Role of Antioxidants"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Bandhanjot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravleen K","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujata","family":"Siwatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02604.x","article-title":"Antioxidants as therapeutic agents for liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Singal AK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singal AK, Jampana SC, Weinman SA. Antioxidants as therapeutic agents for liver disease. Liver Int. 2011, 31:1432-48. 10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02604.x","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35041687","article-title":"Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing","volume":"408","author":"Finkel T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Finkel T, Holbrook NJ. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature. 2000, 408:239-47. 10.1038\/35041687","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694","article-title":"Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Sharifi-Rad M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, et al.. Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Front Physiol. 2020, 11:694. 10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073595","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and acute fatty liver of pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Ramanathan R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramanathan R, Ibdah JA. Mitochondrial dysfunction and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23:3595. 10.3390\/ijms23073595","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6398520","article-title":"Association of oxidative stress on pregnancy","volume":"2020","author":"Tobo\u0142a-Wr\u00f3bel K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tobo\u0142a-Wr\u00f3bel K, Pietryga M, Dydowicz P, Napiera\u0142a M, Br\u0105zert J, Florek E. Association of oxidative stress on pregnancy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020, 2020:6398520. 10.1155\/2020\/6398520","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i43.7639","article-title":"Liver diseases in pregnancy: diseases unique to pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Ahmed KT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahmed KT, Almashhrawi AA, Rahman RN, Hammoud GM, Ibdah JA. Liver diseases in pregnancy: diseases unique to pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol. 2013, 19:7639-46. 10.3748\/wjg.v19.i43.7639","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907723","article-title":"Liver disease during pregnancy: a challenging clinical issue","volume":"24","author":"Mikolasevic I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mikolasevic I, Filipec-Kanizaj T, Jakopcic I, et al.. Liver disease during pregnancy: a challenging clinical issue. Med Sci Monit. 2018, 24:4080-90. 10.12659\/MSM.907723","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113764","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for liver diseases based on redox control systems","volume":"156","author":"Lee J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee J, Kim J, Lee R, et al.. Therapeutic strategies for liver diseases based on redox control systems. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022, 156:113764. 10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113764","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.06.002","article-title":"Oral antioxidant therapy for prevention and treatment of preeclampsia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Ten\u00f3rio MB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ten\u00f3rio MB, Ferreira RC, Moura FA, Bueno NB, Goulart MO, Oliveira AC. Oral antioxidant therapy for prevention and treatment of preeclampsia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018, 28:865-76. 10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.06.002","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.020","article-title":"Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"204","author":"Conde-Agudelo A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Hassan SS. Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 204:503.e1-12. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000256787.04807.da","article-title":"Combined vitamin C and E supplementation during pregnancy for preeclampsia prevention: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Polyzos NP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polyzos NP, Mauri D, Tsappi M, Tzioras S, Kamposioras K, Cortinovis I, Casazza G. Combined vitamin C and E supplementation during pregnancy for preeclampsia prevention: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2007, 62:202-6. 10.1097\/01.ogx.0000256787.04807.da","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001059.pub5","article-title":"Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems","volume":"10","author":"Hofmeyr GJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah \u00c1N, Torloni MR. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018, 10:CD001059. 10.1002\/14651858.CD001059.pub5","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-022-01232-0","article-title":"Micronutrient supplementation interventions in preconception and pregnant women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Gunabalasingam S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gunabalasingam S, De Almeida Lima Slizys D, Quotah O, et al.. Micronutrient supplementation interventions in preconception and pregnant women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023, 77:710-30. 10.1038\/s41430-022-01232-0","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03316-1","article-title":"Association of selenium levels with preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"201","author":"Hamdan HZ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamdan HZ, Hamdan SZ, Adam I. Association of selenium levels with preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023, 201:2105-22. 10.1007\/s12011-022-03316-1","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0545-7","article-title":"Selenium and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Xu M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu M, Guo D, Gu H, Zhang L, Lv S. Selenium and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016, 171:283-92. 10.1007\/s12011-015-0545-7","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101160","article-title":"The effect of selenium supplementation in pregnant women on maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"McDougall AR","year":"2023","unstructured":"McDougall AR, Dore G, Aboud L, et al.. The effect of selenium supplementation in pregnant women on maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2023, 5:101160. 10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101160","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.014","article-title":"l-arginine supplementation improved neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with hypertensive disorder or intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Xu L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu L, Wang X, Wang C, Li W, Liu H. l-arginine supplementation improved neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with hypertensive disorder or intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2022, 41:1512-22. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2305-0500.331261","article-title":"Effects of L-arginine on preeclampsia risks and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Sagadevan S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sagadevan S, Sri Hari O, Sirajudeen MJ, Ramalingam G, Basutkar RS. Effects of L-arginine on preeclampsia risks and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Reprod. 2021, 10:241-51. 10.4103\/2305-0500.331261","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Reprod"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.004","article-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Bacq Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bacq Y, Sentilhes L, Reyes HB, et al.. Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2012, 143:1492-501. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00074-1","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ovadia C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ovadia C, Sajous J, Seed PT, et al.. Ursodeoxycholic acid in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021, 6:547-58. 10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00074-1","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054186","article-title":"Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications","volume":"354","author":"Rumbold AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rumbold AR, Crowther CA, Haslam RR, Dekker GA, Robinson JS. Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. N Engl J Med. 2006, 354:1796-806. 10.1056\/NEJMoa054186","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006490","article-title":"Nitric oxide for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications","volume":"2007","author":"Meher S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meher S, Duley L. Nitric oxide for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, 2007:CD006490. 10.1002\/14651858.CD006490","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-016-0628-z","article-title":"Abstracts of 43rd National Conference of Association of Clinical Biochemists of India (ACBICON 2016)","volume":"31","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abstracts of 43rd National Conference of Association of Clinical Biochemists of India (ACBICON 2016). Indian J Clin Biochem. 2016, 31.1-129. 10.1007\/s12291-016-0628-z","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12339","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D plus calcium supplementation on metabolic profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia","volume":"29","author":"Samimi M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samimi M, Kashi M, Foroozanfard F, et al.. The effects of vitamin D plus calcium supplementation on metabolic profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016, 29:505-15. 10.1111\/jhn.12339","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1548835","article-title":"Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia","volume":"47","author":"Karamali M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karamali M, Beihaghi E, Mohammadi AA, Asemi Z. Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. Horm Metab Res. 2015, 47:867-72. 10.1055\/s-0035-1548835","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-06235-8","article-title":"Effects of calcium supplementation on changes in the IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10 axes and oxidative stress in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia","volume":"24","author":"de Brito Pitilin E","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Brito Pitilin E, Marafon F, da Silva Rosa Bonadiman B, et al.. Effects of calcium supplementation on changes in the IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10 axes and oxidative stress in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024, 24:71. 10.1186\/s12884-023-06235-8","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0469","article-title":"Investigating the preventive effect of vitamins C and E on preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant women","volume":"48","author":"Lorzadeh N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lorzadeh N, Kazemirad Y, Kazemirad N. Investigating the preventive effect of vitamins C and E on preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant women. J Perinat Med. 2020, 48:625-9. 10.1515\/jpm-2019-0469","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908056","article-title":"Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension","volume":"362","author":"Roberts JM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, et al.. Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2010, 362:1282-91. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0908056","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02150.x","article-title":"Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia: prospective study among 57 346 women","volume":"116","author":"Klemmensen A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klemmensen A, Tabor A, \u00d8sterdal ML, Knudsen VK, Halldorsson TI, Mikkelsen TB, Olsen SF. Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia: prospective study among 57 346 women. BJOG. 2009, 116:964-74. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02150.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/jtgga.2011.08","article-title":"Effect of lycopene in prevention of preeclampsia in high risk pregnant women","volume":"12","author":"Antartani R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antartani R, Ashok K. Effect of lycopene in prevention of preeclampsia in high risk pregnant women. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2011, 12:35-8. 10.5152\/jtgga.2011.08","journal-title":"J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7292(03)00040-7","article-title":"Effect of lycopene on pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas","volume":"81","author":"Sharma JB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharma JB, Kumar A, Kumar A, Malhotra M, Arora R, Prasad S, Batra S. Effect of lycopene on pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003, 81:257-62. 10.1016\/s0020-7292(03)00040-7","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2008.00983.x","article-title":"Trial of lycopene to prevent pre-eclampsia in healthy primigravidas: results show some adverse effects","volume":"35","author":"Banerjee S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Jeyaseelan S, Guleria R. Trial of lycopene to prevent pre-eclampsia in healthy primigravidas: results show some adverse effects. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009, 35:477-82. 10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2008.00983.x","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a multi-centered randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Zhang L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang L, Liu XH, Qi HB, Li Z, Fu XD, Chen L, Shao Y. Ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a multi-centered randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015, 19:3770-6.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2901","article-title":"Effect of supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins in medical food on pre-eclampsia in high risk population: randomised controlled trial","volume":"342","author":"Vadillo-Ortega F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vadillo-Ortega F, Perichart-Perera O, Espino S, et al.. Effect of supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins in medical food on pre-eclampsia in high risk population: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011, 342:2901. 10.1136\/bmj.d2901","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12508","article-title":"Melatonin improves endothelial function in vitro and prolongs pregnancy in women with early-onset preeclampsia","volume":"65","author":"Hobson SR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hobson SR, Gurusinghe S, Lim R, Alers NO, Miller SL, Kingdom JC, Wallace EM. Melatonin improves endothelial function in vitro and prolongs pregnancy in women with early-onset preeclampsia. J Pineal Res. 2018, 65:12508. 10.1111\/jpi.12508","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.09.007","article-title":"Oral N-acetylcysteine administration does not stabilise the process of established severe preeclampsia","volume":"127","author":"Roes EM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roes EM, Raijmakers MT, Boo TM, Zusterzeel PL, Merkus HM, Peters WH, Steegers EA. Oral N-acetylcysteine administration does not stabilise the process of established severe preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006, 127:61-7. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.09.007","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.07.002","article-title":"The effects of N-acetyl cysteine on oxidative stress among patients with pre-eclampsia","volume":"135","author":"Motawei SM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Motawei SM, Attalla SM, Gouda HE, Harouny MA, Elmansoury AM. The effects of N-acetyl cysteine on oxidative stress among patients with pre-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016, 135:226-7. 10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.07.002","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.977248","article-title":"The favorable effects of garlic intake on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, biomarkers of oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Aalami-Harandi R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aalami-Harandi R, Karamali M, Asemi Z. The favorable effects of garlic intake on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, biomarkers of oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015, 28:2020-7. 10.3109\/14767058.2014.977248","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijcpr.2020v12i2.37485","article-title":"Curcumin and its effect on preeclampsia: as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticoagulant","volume":"12","author":"Fadinie W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fadinie W, Lelo A, Wijaya DW, Lumbanraja SN. Curcumin and its effect on preeclampsia: as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticoagulant. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2020, 12:10.22159\/ijcpr.2020v12i2.37485","journal-title":"Int J Curr Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082%2F5098","article-title":"The impact of silymarin on improvement of hepatic abnormalities in patients with severe preeclampsia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Miraj S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miraj S, Baghbahadorani FK. The impact of silymarin on improvement of hepatic abnormalities in patients with severe preeclampsia: a randomized clinical trial. Pharm Lett. 2017, 9:10.19082%2F5098","journal-title":"Pharm Lett"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0026-0495(00)80077-3","article-title":"What is oxidative stress?","volume":"49","author":"Betteridge DJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Betteridge DJ. What is oxidative stress?. Metabolism. 2000, 49:3-8. 10.1016\/s0026-0495(00)80077-3","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/387626","article-title":"Mitochondrial roles and cytoprotection in chronic liver injury","volume":"2012","author":"Degli Esposti D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Degli Esposti D, Hamelin J, Bosselut N, et al.. Mitochondrial roles and cytoprotection in chronic liver injury. Biochem Res Int. 2012, 2012:387626. 10.1155\/2012\/387626","journal-title":"Biochem Res Int"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i46.7397","article-title":"Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: an update on pathogenesis and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Ibdah JA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ibdah JA. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: an update on pathogenesis and clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol. 2006, 12:7397-404. 10.3748\/wjg.v12.i46.7397","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2015.09.011","article-title":"Oxidative stress and preeclampsia: a review (Article in French)","volume":"43","author":"Guerby P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guerby P, Vidal F, Garoby-Salom S, Vayssiere C, Salvayre R, Parant O, Negre-Salvayre A. Oxidative stress and preeclampsia: a review (Article in French). Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2015, 43:751-6. 10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2015.09.011","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.01.003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in \"non-acetaminophen\" acute liver failure: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials","volume":"39","author":"Hu J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu J, Zhang Q, Ren X, Sun Z, Quan Q. Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in \"non-acetaminophen\" acute liver failure: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2015, 39:594-9. 10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.01.003","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04699-X","article-title":"Maternal serum cytokine levels in women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"Kaplan PB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaplan PB, G\u00fccer F, Sayin NC, Y\u00fcksel M, Y\u00fcce MA, Yardim T. Maternal serum cytokine levels in women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2003, 79:498-502. 10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04699-X","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198717478.001.0001","article-title":"Free radicals in biology and medicine","author":"Halliwell B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom; 2015. 10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198717478.001.0001"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0652-3","article-title":"Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Honda Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Honda Y, Kessoku T, Sumida Y, et al.. Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017, 17:96. 10.1186\/s12876-017-0652-3","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojgas.2014.45030","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E and alpha lipoic acid in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label, prospective clinical trial (vain trial)","volume":"4","author":"Basu PP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basu PP, Shah NJ, Aloysius MM, Brown Jr RS. Effect of vitamin E and alpha lipoic acid in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label, prospective clinical trial (vain trial). Open J Gastroenterol. 2014, 4:10.4236\/ojgas.2014.45030","journal-title":"Open J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2021.0571","article-title":"Role of N-acetylcysteine in non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Walayat S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walayat S, Shoaib H, Asghar M, Kim M, Dhillon S. Role of N-acetylcysteine in non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Gastroenterol. 2021, 34:235-40. 10.20524\/aog.2021.0571","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation ameliorates liver function profile and antiviral treatment response in Hepatitis C patients","volume":"35","author":"Nayila I","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nayila I, Javed MS, Khan MA, et al.. Vitamin C supplementation ameliorates liver function profile and antiviral treatment response in Hepatitis C patients. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2022, 35:619-25.","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32764","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E on clinical outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Karedath J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karedath J, Javed H, Ahsan Talpur F, et al.. Effect of vitamin E on clinical outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Cureus. 2022, 14:32764. 10.7759\/cureus.32764","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6778","article-title":"Administration of pure ergothioneine to healthy human subjects: uptake, metabolism, and effects on biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Cheah IK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheah IK, Tang RM, Yew TS, Lim KH, Halliwell B. Administration of pure ergothioneine to healthy human subjects: uptake, metabolism, and effects on biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2017, 26:193-206. 10.1089\/ars.2016.6778","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0336-5","article-title":"Does vitamin D improve liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"47","author":"Sharifi N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharifi N, Amani R, Hajiani E, Cheraghian B. Does vitamin D improve liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? A randomized clinical trial. Endocrine. 2014, 47:70-80. 10.1007\/s12020-014-0336-5","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-02015-8","article-title":"The effect of zinc supplementation on steatosis severity and liver function enzymes in overweight\/obese patients with mild to moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver following calorie-restricted diet: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"197","author":"Fathi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fathi M, Alavinejad P, Haidari Z, Amani R. The effect of zinc supplementation on steatosis severity and liver function enzymes in overweight\/obese patients with mild to moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver following calorie-restricted diet: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020, 197:394-404. 10.1007\/s12011-019-02015-8","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512477","article-title":"The effect of adjuvant therapy with molecular hydrogen on endogenous coenzyme Q(10) levels and platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Sumbalov\u00e1 Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sumbalov\u00e1 Z, Kucharsk\u00e1 J, Rausov\u00e1 Z, et al.. The effect of adjuvant therapy with molecular hydrogen on endogenous coenzyme Q(10) levels and platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:12477. 10.3390\/ijms241512477","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01251-y","article-title":"Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review","volume":"37","author":"Gillessen A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gillessen A, Schmidt HH. Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review. Adv Ther. 2020, 37:1279-301. 10.1007\/s12325-020-01251-y","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23751\/pn.v21i2-S.7267","article-title":"Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on blood pressure and antioxidants status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Hosseinabadi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosseinabadi S, Rafraf M, Asgbari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on blood pressure and antioxidants status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prog Nutr. 2019, 21:180-9. 10.23751\/pn.v21i2-S.7267","journal-title":"Prog Nutr"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6826","article-title":"Effect of sour tea supplementation on liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and antioxidant status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Izadi F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izadi F, Farrokhzad A, Tamizifar B, Tarrahi MJ, Entezari MH. Effect of sour tea supplementation on liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and antioxidant status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2021, 35:477-85. 10.1002\/ptr.6826","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14744","article-title":"Omega 3-rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Musazadeh V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Musazadeh V, Dehghan P, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. Omega 3-rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract. 2021, 75:14744. 10.1111\/ijcp.14744","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S234698","article-title":"Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on blood pressure and antioxidants status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Rafie R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rafie R, Hosseini SA, Hajiani E, Saki Malehi A, Mard SA. Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on blood pressure and antioxidants status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2020, 13:35-45. 10.2147\/CEG.S234698","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1055-4","article-title":"Curcumin and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Saadati S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saadati S, Sadeghi A, Mansour A, et al.. Curcumin and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 2019, 19:133. 10.1186\/s12876-019-1055-4","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51726-z","article-title":"The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Nouri-Vaskeh M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nouri-Vaskeh M, Hashemi P, Hataminia N, Yazdani Y, Nasirian M, Alizadeh L. The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:1053. 10.1038\/s41598-024-51726-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aimed.2018.01.002","article-title":"Effects of turmeric and chicory seed supplementation on antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"5","author":"Ghaffari A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghaffari A, Rafraf M, Navekar R, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of turmeric and chicory seed supplementation on antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adv Integr Med. 2018, 5:89-95. 10.1016\/j.aimed.2018.01.002","journal-title":"Adv Integr Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.683028","article-title":"Nutrigenetic interactions might modulate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in mastiha-supplemented patients with NAFLD","volume":"12","author":"Kanoni S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanoni S, Kumar S, Amerikanou C, et al.. Nutrigenetic interactions might modulate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in mastiha-supplemented patients with NAFLD. Front Immunol. 2021, 12:683028. 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.683028","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.07.023","article-title":"Effects of bayberry juice on inflammatory and apoptotic markers in young adults with features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"30","author":"Guo H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo H, Zhong R, Liu Y, et al.. Effects of bayberry juice on inflammatory and apoptotic markers in young adults with features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrition. 2014, 30:198-203. 10.1016\/j.nut.2013.07.023","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17554\/j.issn.2224-3992.2015.04.589","article-title":"The effects of dark chocolate consumption on lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, liver enzymes, inflammation, and antioxidant status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Alavinejad P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alavinejad P, Farsi F, Rezazadeh A, et al.. The effects of dark chocolate consumption on lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, liver enzymes, inflammation, and antioxidant status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol Res. 2015, 4:1858-64.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aid2.13131","article-title":"The dramatic effect of intravenous glycyrrhizin on acute-on-chronic hepatic failure in chronic hepatitis B patients without liver cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Lin CC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin CC, Weng MT, Chung CS, Liang CC. The dramatic effect of intravenous glycyrrhizin on acute-on-chronic hepatic failure in chronic hepatitis B patients without liver cirrhosis. Adv Dig Med. 2019, 6:153-7. 10.1002\/aid2.13131","journal-title":"Adv Dig Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.IJP_540_20","article-title":"Efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri on improving liver functions in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Sowjanya K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sowjanya K, Girish C, Bammigatti C, Prasanna Lakshmi NC. Efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri on improving liver functions in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pharmacol. 2021, 53:448-56. 10.4103\/ijp.IJP_540_20","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.006","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of liver diseases in pregnancy","volume":"79","year":"2023","unstructured":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of liver diseases in pregnancy. J Hepatol. 2023, 79.768-828. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030676","article-title":"The use and potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine in non-acetaminophen acute liver failure: an etiology-based review","volume":"12","author":"Popescu M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Popescu M, Bratu A, Agapie M, Borjog T, Jafal M, Sima RM, Orban C. The use and potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine in non-acetaminophen acute liver failure: an etiology-based review. Biomedicines. 2024, 12:676. 10.3390\/biomedicines12030676","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1218432","article-title":"Hepatoprotective agents in the management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: current knowledge and prospects","volume":"14","author":"Shan D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shan D, Dai S, Chen Q, Xie Y, Hu Y. Hepatoprotective agents in the management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: current knowledge and prospects. Front Pharmacol. 2023, 14:1218432. 10.3389\/fphar.2023.1218432","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/254827-a-narrative-review-of-oxidative-stress-and-liver-disease-in-pregnancy-the-role-of-antioxidants","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T09:35:33Z","timestamp":1721208933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/254827-a-narrative-review-of-oxidative-stress-and-liver-disease-in-pregnancy-the-role-of-antioxidants"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.64714","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]}}}