{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1770830991034,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.65037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T15:01:11Z","timestamp":1721574071000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ramona E","family":"Dragomir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela E","family":"Gheoca Mutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romina M","family":"Sima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana D","family":"Toader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra V","family":"St\u0103nculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic?","volume":"103","author":"Cashman KD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cashman KD, Dowling KG, \u0160krab\u00e1kov\u00e1 Z, et al.. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016, 103:1033-44. 10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?","volume":"144","author":"Palacios C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palacios C, Gonzalez L. Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014, 144:138-45. 10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117748","article-title":"Low maternal vitamin D status during the second trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China","volume":"10","author":"Xiao JP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao JP, Zang J, Pei JJ, Xu F, Zhu Y, Liao XP. Low maternal vitamin D status during the second trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0117748. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0117748","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.12","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy in the Mediterranean region: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Karras S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karras S, Paschou SA, Kandaraki E, et al.. Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy in the Mediterranean region: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016, 70:979-86. 10.1038\/ejcn.2016.12","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150385","article-title":"Vitamin D status during pregnancy: a longitudinal study in Swedish women from early pregnancy to seven months postpartum","volume":"11","author":"Lundqvist A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lundqvist A, Sandstr\u00f6m H, Stenlund H, Johansson I, Hultdin J. Vitamin D status during pregnancy: a longitudinal study in Swedish women from early pregnancy to seven months postpartum. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0150385. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0150385","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091900","article-title":"Vitamin D: before, during and after pregnancy: effect on neonates and children","volume":"14","author":"Mansur JL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mansur JL, Oliveri B, Giacoia E, Fusaro D, Costanzo PR. Vitamin D: before, during and after pregnancy: effect on neonates and children. Nutrients. 2022, 14:1900. 10.3390\/nu14091900","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/917428","article-title":"Profound vitamin D deficiency in a diverse group of women during pregnancy living in a sun-rich environment at latitude 32\u00b0N","volume":"2010","author":"Hamilton SA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamilton SA, McNeil R, Hollis BW, et al.. Profound vitamin D deficiency in a diverse group of women during pregnancy living in a sun-rich environment at latitude 32\u00b0N. Int J Endocrinol. 2010, 2010:917428. 10.1155\/2010\/917428","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-023-01068-8","article-title":"Influence of vitamin D supplementation on reproductive outcomes of infertile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Meng X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng X, Zhang J, Wan Q, Huang J, Han T, Qu T, Yu LL. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on reproductive outcomes of infertile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023, 21:17. 10.1186\/s12958-023-01068-8","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.002","article-title":"Implications of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"202","author":"Mulligan ML","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mulligan ML, Felton SK, Riek AE, Bernal-Mizrachi C. Implications of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 202:429.e1-9. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1217","article-title":"Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section","volume":"94","author":"Merewood A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Merewood A, Mehta SD, Chen TC, Bauchner H, Holick MF. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009, 94:940-5. 10.1210\/jc.2008-1217","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7105398","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"7","author":"Zhang MX","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang MX, Pan GT, Guo JF, Li BY, Qin LQ, Zhang ZL. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients. 2015, 7:8366-75. 10.3390\/nu7105398","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-011-0264-x","article-title":"High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant Japanese women with threatened premature delivery","volume":"29","author":"Shibata M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shibata M, Suzuki A, Sekiya T, Sekiguchi S, Asano S, Udagawa Y, Itoh M. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant Japanese women with threatened premature delivery. J Bone Miner Metab. 2011, 29:615-20. 10.1007\/s00774-011-0264-x","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4040319","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status and delivery by cesarean","volume":"4","author":"Scholl TO","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scholl TO, Chen X, Stein P. Maternal vitamin D status and delivery by cesarean. Nutrients. 2012, 4:319-30. 10.3390\/nu4040319","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000621","article-title":"Early-pregnancy vitamin D deficiency and risk of preterm birth subtypes","volume":"125","author":"Bodnar LM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bodnar LM, Platt RW, Simhan HN. Early-pregnancy vitamin D deficiency and risk of preterm birth subtypes. Obstet Gynecol. 2015, 125:439-47. 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000621","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Yazd, a central province of Iran","volume":"17","author":"Pirdehghan A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pirdehghan A, Vakili M, Dehghan R, Zare F. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Yazd, a central province of Iran. J Reprod Infertil. 2016, 17:34-8.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006718","article-title":"Association between vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and bone mineral density in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies","volume":"96","author":"Bao L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bao L, Chen M, Lei Y, Zhou Z, Shen H, Le F. Association between vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and bone mineral density in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017, 96:e6718. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000006718","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz038","article-title":"Vitamin D: newer concepts of its metabolism and function at the basic and clinical level","volume":"4","author":"Bikle DD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bikle DD. Vitamin D: newer concepts of its metabolism and function at the basic and clinical level. J Endocr Soc. 2020, 4:bvz038. 10.1210\/jendso\/bvz038","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G, et al.. Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions. Endocr Rev. 2019, 40:1109-51. 10.1210\/er.2018-00126","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105669","article-title":"Vitamin D in pregnancy: where we are and where we should go","volume":"201","author":"Kiely ME","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiely ME, Wagner CL, Roth DE. Vitamin D in pregnancy: where we are and where we should go. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020, 201:105669. 10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105669","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195736","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus-recent literature review","volume":"11","author":"Modzelewski R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Modzelewski R, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz EM. Gestational diabetes mellitus-recent literature review. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:5736. 10.3390\/jcm11195736","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47500","article-title":"A comprehensive review of gestational diabetes mellitus: impacts on maternal health, fetal development, childhood outcomes, and long-term treatment strategies","volume":"15","author":"Nakshine VS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakshine VS, Jogdand SD. A comprehensive review of gestational diabetes mellitus: impacts on maternal health, fetal development, childhood outcomes, and long-term treatment strategies. Cureus. 2023, 15:e47500. 10.7759\/cureus.47500","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.4.848","article-title":"Multiple metabolic defects during late pregnancy in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Xiang AH","year":"1999","unstructured":"Xiang AH, Peters RK, Trigo E, Kjos SL, Lee WP, Buchanan TA. Multiple metabolic defects during late pregnancy in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1999, 48:848-54. 10.2337\/diabetes.48.4.848","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041142","article-title":"Placental lactogen as a marker of maternal obesity, diabetes, and fetal growth abnormalities: current knowledge and clinical perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Sibiak R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sibiak R, Jankowski M, Gutaj P, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Wender-O\u017cegowska E. Placental lactogen as a marker of maternal obesity, diabetes, and fetal growth abnormalities: current knowledge and clinical perspectives. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:1142. 10.3390\/jcm9041142","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2000.13.4.343","article-title":"The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development","volume":"13","author":"Handwerger S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Handwerger S, Freemark M. The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 13:343-56. 10.1515\/jpem.2000.13.4.343","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_53_16","article-title":"Correlation between circulating level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin resistance in Nigerian women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Mohammed A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammed A, Aliyu IS, Manu M. Correlation between circulating level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin resistance in Nigerian women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Ann Afr Med. 2018, 17:168-71. 10.4103\/aam.aam_53_16","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110062","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training","volume":"3","author":"Roberts CK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Compr Physiol. 2013, 3:1-58. 10.1002\/cphy.c110062","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010102","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to body mass index","volume":"14","author":"Ag\u00fcero-Domenech N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ag\u00fcero-Domenech N, Jover S, Sarri\u00f3n A, et al.. Vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to body mass index. Nutrients. 2021, 14:102. 10.3390\/nu14010102","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164118813890","article-title":"Impact of race\/ethnicity on insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia","volume":"16","author":"Raygor V","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raygor V, Abbasi F, Lazzeroni LC, Kim S, Ingelsson E, Reaven GM, Knowles JW. Impact of race\/ethnicity on insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2019, 16:153-9. 10.1177\/1479164118813890","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3985-5","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term consequences for mother and offspring: a view from Denmark","volume":"59","author":"Damm P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damm P, Houshmand-Oeregaard A, Kelstrup L, Lauenborg J, Mathiesen ER, Clausen TD. Gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term consequences for mother and offspring: a view from Denmark. Diabetologia. 2016, 59:1396-9. 10.1007\/s00125-016-3985-5","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010443","article-title":"Regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis and activity: focus on gestational vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Olmos-Ortiz A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olmos-Ortiz A, Avila E, Durand-Carbajal M, D\u00edaz L. Regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis and activity: focus on gestational vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nutrients. 2015, 7:443-80. 10.3390\/nu7010443","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6250216","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin","volume":"209","author":"Norman AW","year":"1980","unstructured":"Norman AW, Frankel JB, Heldt AM, Grodsky GM. Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin. Science. 1980, 209:823-5. 10.1126\/science.6250216","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/351385","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity for glucose homeostasis","volume":"2010","author":"Alvarez JA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alvarez JA, Ashraf A. Role of vitamin D in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity for glucose homeostasis. Int J Endocrinol. 2010, 2010:351385. 10.1155\/2010\/351385","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jdmdc.2016.03.00059","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is a surrogate marker for visceral fat content, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and future metabolic complications","volume":"3","author":"Wimalawansa SJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D deficiency is a surrogate marker for visceral fat content, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and future metabolic complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord Control. 2016, 3:6-13. 10.15406\/jdmdc.2016.03.00059","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord Control"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14060714","article-title":"Consequences of maternal vitamin D deficiency on newborn health","volume":"14","author":"Dragomir RE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dragomir RE, Toader DO, Gheoca Mutu DE, et al.. Consequences of maternal vitamin D deficiency on newborn health. Life (Basel). 2024, 14:714. 10.3390\/life14060714","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.12.011","article-title":"Vitamin D: effects on human reproduction, pregnancy, and fetal well-being","volume":"180","author":"Heyden EL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heyden EL, Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D: effects on human reproduction, pregnancy, and fetal well-being. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018, 180:41-50. 10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.12.011","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0451-3","article-title":"Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Burris HH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burris HH, Camargo CA Jr. Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2014, 14:451. 10.1007\/s11892-013-0451-3","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533610379851","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Soheilykhah S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soheilykhah S, Mojibian M, Rashidi M, Rahimi-Saghand S, Jafari F. Maternal vitamin D status in gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010, 25:524-7. 10.1177\/0884533610379851","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71094","article-title":"Placental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)vitamin D determine its activity within the fetoplacental unit","volume":"11","author":"Ashley B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashley B, Simner C, Manousopoulou A, et al.. Placental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)vitamin D determine its activity within the fetoplacental unit. Elife. 2022, 11:e71094. 10.7554\/eLife.71094","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.015","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in gestational diabetes mellitus and the role of the placenta","volume":"209","author":"Cho GJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho GJ, Hong SC, Oh MJ, Kim HJ. Vitamin D deficiency in gestational diabetes mellitus and the role of the placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013, 209:560.e1-8. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12018","article-title":"Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"71","author":"Alzaim M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alzaim M, Wood RJ. Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutr Rev. 2013, 71:158-67. 10.1111\/nure.12018","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3515","article-title":"Effect of various doses of vitamin D supplementation on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Cheng Y, He M, Li T, Ma Z, Cheng H. Effect of various doses of vitamin D supplementation on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Exp Ther Med. 2016, 12:1889-95. 10.3892\/etm.2016.3515","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2008.00157.x","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency common in newborns, children and pregnant women living in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada","volume":"5","author":"Newhook LA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newhook LA, Sloka S, Grant M, Randell E, Kovacs CS, Twells LK. Vitamin D insufficiency common in newborns, children and pregnant women living in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Matern Child Nutr. 2009, 5:186-91. 10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2008.00157.x","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003753","article-title":"Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Zhang C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang C, Qiu C, Hu FB, David RM, van Dam RM, Bralley A, Williams MA. Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2008, 3:e3753. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0003753","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0696-9","article-title":"Low maternal circulating levels of vitamin D as potential determinant in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"Triunfo S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Triunfo S, Lanzone A, Lindqvist PG. Low maternal circulating levels of vitamin D as potential determinant in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017, 40:1049-59. 10.1007\/s40618-017-0696-9","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2017.24.3.155","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth and vitamin D","volume":"24","author":"Yoon HK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoon HK. Gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth and vitamin D. J Bone Metab. 2017, 24:155-9. 10.11005\/jbm.2017.24.3.155","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8110511","article-title":"Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus: is there a link?","volume":"8","author":"Rizzo G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rizzo G, Garzon S, Fichera M, et al.. Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus: is there a link?. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019, 8:511. 10.3390\/antiox8110511","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02360-y","article-title":"Circulating vitamin D and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Sadeghian M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sadeghian M, Asadi M, Rahmani S, Akhavan Zanjani M, Sadeghi O, Hosseini SA, Zare Javid A. Circulating vitamin D and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2020, 70:36-47. 10.1007\/s12020-020-02360-y","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.03.037","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"40","author":"Milajerdi A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milajerdi A, Abbasi F, Mousavi SM, Esmaillzadeh A. Maternal vitamin D status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr. 2021, 40:2576-86. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.03.037","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003980","article-title":"Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes in a bi-ethnic cohort: the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You (B.A.B.Y.) study","volume":"114","author":"Nobles CJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nobles CJ, Markenson G, Chasan-Taber L. Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes in a bi-ethnic cohort: the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You (B.A.B.Y.) study. Br J Nutr. 2015, 114:2116-28. 10.1017\/S0007114515003980","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4010-4","article-title":"Association between vitamin D status and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis","volume":"293","author":"Lu M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu M, Xu Y, Lv L, Zhang M. Association between vitamin D status and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016, 293:959-66. 10.1007\/s00404-016-4010-4","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008873.pub4","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Palacios C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palacios C, Kostiuk LK, Pe\u00f1a-Rosas JP. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019, 7:CD008873. 10.1002\/14651858.CD008873.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.016","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and maternal-neonatal outcomes in women with established gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Wang M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang M, Chen Z, Hu Y, et al.. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and maternal-neonatal outcomes in women with established gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021, 40:3148-57. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.022","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"207","author":"Burris HH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burris HH, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, et al.. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012, 207:182.e1-8. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221109911","article-title":"Association between body mass index in the first half of pregnancy and gestational diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Rahnemaei FA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahnemaei FA, Abdi F, Kazemian E, Shaterian N, Shaterian N, Behesht Aeen F. Association between body mass index in the first half of pregnancy and gestational diabetes: a systematic review. SAGE Open Med. 2022, 10:10.1177\/20503121221109911","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050030","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population","volume":"7","author":"Chapuy MC","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chapuy MC, Preziosi P, Maamer M, Arnaud S, Galan P, Hercberg S, Meunier PJ. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population. Osteoporos Int. 1997, 7:439-43. 10.1007\/s001980050030","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.3.8772587","article-title":"Healthy elderly French women living at home have secondary hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in winter. EPIDOS Study Group","volume":"81","author":"Chapuy MC","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chapuy MC, Schott AM, Garnero P, Hans D, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Healthy elderly French women living at home have secondary hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in winter. EPIDOS Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996, 81:1129-33. 10.1210\/jcem.81.3.8772587","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2364","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy","volume":"90","author":"Holick MF","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holick MF, Siris ES, Binkley N, et al.. Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90:3215-24. 10.1210\/jc.2004-2364","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381201","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients","volume":"338","author":"Thomas MK","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, et al.. Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. N Engl J Med. 1998, 338:777-83. 10.1056\/NEJM199803193381201","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/13050","article-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D","author":"Ross AC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA; 2011. 10.17226\/13050"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4547","article-title":"Dietary reference values for vitamin D","volume":"14","author":"EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products","year":"2016","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Dietary reference values for vitamin D. EFSA J. 2016, 14:4547. 10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4547","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-015-0363-y","article-title":"Vitamin D during pregnancy: why observational studies suggest deficiency and interventional studies show no improvement in clinical outcomes? A narrative review","volume":"38","author":"Karras SN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karras SN, Anagnostis P, Naughton D, Annweiler C, Petroczi A, Goulis DG. Vitamin D during pregnancy: why observational studies suggest deficiency and interventional studies show no improvement in clinical outcomes? A narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest. 2015, 38:1265-75. 10.1007\/s40618-015-0363-y","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12090","article-title":"Guidelines for optimizing design and analysis of clinical studies of nutrient effects","volume":"72","author":"Heaney RP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heaney RP. Guidelines for optimizing design and analysis of clinical studies of nutrient effects. Nutr Rev. 2014, 72:48-54. 10.1111\/nure.12090","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.288","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level","volume":"73","author":"Vieth R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vieth R, Chan PC, MacFarlane GD. Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001, 73:288-94. 10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.288","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0360","article-title":"Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans","volume":"89","author":"Armas LA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Armas LA, Hollis BW, Heaney RP. Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89:5387-91. 10.1210\/jc.2004-0360","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002851","article-title":"Long-term vitamin D3 supplementation is more effective than vitamin D2 in maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status over the winter months","volume":"109","author":"Logan VF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Logan VF, Gray AR, Peddie MC, Harper MJ, Houghton LA. Long-term vitamin D3 supplementation is more effective than vitamin D2 in maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status over the winter months. Br J Nutr. 2013, 109:1082-8. 10.1017\/S0007114512002851","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.2.305","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy: bringing the issues to light","volume":"137","author":"McCullough ML","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCullough ML. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy: bringing the issues to light. J Nutr. 2007, 137:305-6. 10.1093\/jn\/137.2.305","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/270716-the-impact-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-on-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-risk-a-retrospective-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T15:01:16Z","timestamp":1721574076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/270716-the-impact-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-on-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-risk-a-retrospective-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.65037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]}}}